• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Motor Skills MeSH
• Perception MeSH
• Postural Balance MeSH
• Eating * physiology   MeSH
• Primary Health Care MeSH
• Sense Organs MeSH
• Feeding Behavior * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH

BACKGROUND: Muscle strength and postural control are essential components for performing daily living activities, particularly in older adults, and can therefore serve as screening tools for assessing fall risk in this population. METHODS: The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the impact of a 12-week exercise intervention followed by a 2-week detraining period on lower limb strength and postural stability in older adults. The study involved 38 community-dwelling participants of Central European origin over 60 years of age. Participants underwent the measurements consisting of assessments of knee flexors and extensors strength (isokinetic dynamometer, 90° range of motion, 60°/s angular velocity, Humac Norm CSMI, Stoughton MA, USA), toe grip strength (toe grip dynamometer, Takei Scientific Instruments, Niigata, Japan), and postural stability (narrow stand, 30 s, Kistler, Switzerland). Testing was repeated three times during the study (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and post-detraining). Participants were separated into 3 groups according to the type of training: resistance training group (n = 13), proprioceptive training group (n = 14), and endurance training group (n = 11). The intervention program lasted 12 weeks, two 60-min sessions per week. A linear mixed model (LMM) predicted a change in postural stability after the resistance, proprioceptive, and endurance exercise interventions were applied. RESULTS: Results showed that knee extensor strength normalized to body mass significantly increased in the resistance training group post-intervention (p = 0.01). Toe grip strength was significantly higher after the intervention in the endurance training group (p = 0.02). A statistically significant increase in knee flexor strength was observed in the proprioceptive training group (p = 0.01). The 2-weeks detraining period revealed no statistically significant loss in training gains. The LMM found different predictions of postural stability changes related to knee extensor strength after each type of training intervention. The final LMM model explains well the variability of the dependent variable R2 = 0.866. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the unique characteristics of specific exercise interventions in enhancing muscular strength and postural stability, which are critical for fall prevention among older adults.

• MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Exercise * physiology   MeSH
• Lower Extremity * physiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Linear Models MeSH
• Resistance Training * methods   MeSH
• Postural Balance * physiology   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Muscle Strength * physiology   MeSH
• Exercise Therapy * methods   MeSH
• Accidental Falls prevention & control   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

We aimed to determine the persisting effects of various exercise modalities and intensities on functional capacity after periods of training cessation in older adults. A comprehensive search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection up to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining residual effects of physical exercise on functional capacity in older adults ≥ 60 years. The analysis encompassed 15 studies and 21 intervention arms, involving 787 participants. The exercise and training cessation periods ranged from 8 to 43 weeks and 4 to 36 weeks, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed using change scores from before the physical exercise to after the training cessation. The effect sizes (ES) were calculated as the standardized mean differences between the intervention and control groups' change scores. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions explored the influence of participant characteristics, the magnitude of the effect produced by the initial training program, various exercise modalities (resistance and multicomponent training) and intensities (high and low), and subdomains of functional capacity (agility, balance, standing ability, walking ability, and stair walking). The findings revealed that exercise interventions had a significant effect on preserving functional capacity after training cessation (ES = 0.87; p < 0.01). This protective effect was consistent across various exercise modalities and intensities (ES ≥ 0.67; p ≤ 0.04). The benefits obtained during the training program were positively associated with the residual effects observed after training cessation (β = 0.73; p < 0.01), while age negatively influenced the persisting adaptations (β = -0.07; p < 0.01). Current evidence suggests that exercise-based interventions, irrespective of modality and intensity, are highly effective in preventing functional declines after training cessation among older adults.

• MeSH
• Exercise * physiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Resistance Training methods   MeSH
• Postural Balance physiology   MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated impaired proprioception and poorer responses to tactile deep pressure, visual-tactile integration, and vestibular stimuli in individuals with generalized hypermobility, potentially leading to sensory processing issues. Therefore, we aimed to explore the influence of hypermobility on somatognosia and stereognosia. METHODS: Forty-six participants were assessed using the Beighton score and categorized into three groups: non-hypermobile (n = 20), symptomatic hypermobile (n = 13), and asymptomatic hypermobile (n = 13). Somatognosia was evaluated using the shoulder width test in the vertical plane and pelvic width test in the vertical and horizontal planes. Stereognosia was assessed with Petrie's test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was examined the relationship between the Beighton score and measures of somatognosia and stereognosia. An unpaired t-test was used to compare variables between hypermobile (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) and non-hypermobile individuals, while a one-way ANOVA was used to compare data between the three groups. RESULTS: No significant relationship was observed between Beighton scores and measures of somatognosia and stereognosia. The t-test revealed no statistically significant differences between hypermobile and non-hypermobile groups in the shoulder width, two pelvic widths, and Petrie's tests (all p ≥ 0.105). Similarly, one-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups across these tests (all p ≥ 0.177). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that somatognosia and stereognosia are not significantly related to the Beighton score and do not significantly differ between the groups studied. These sensory processing functions are unlikely to contribute to the common complaints reported by hypermobile individuals. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

• MeSH
• Agnosia * diagnosis   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Joint Instability * diagnosis   physiopathology   psychology   complications   epidemiology   MeSH
• Proprioception physiology   MeSH
• Stereognosis * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of immersive virtual reality used as a short-term multifaceted activity with a focus on motor and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's Disease. The sub-objective focused on quality of life in the study group of patients. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (64.2 ± 12.8 years) were included in this study. Inclusion criteria for this study: adult patients in Hoehn and Yahr's stage 1-3, cooperative, with stable health status, independent and mobile. IVR therapy was performed twice a week for 20 min for one month. Input and output measurements were taken within 14 days of starting or ending therapy. The 10 Meter Walk test was used to examine and assess both comfortable and fast walking, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) + s dual task was applied to quickly assess the highest possible level of functional mobility. The Berg Balance Scale test (BBS) was used to assess balance with a 14-item balance scale containing specific movement tasks. The standardized Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) was used to assess quality of life. Data were processed in the PAST program using a nonparametric paired Wilcoxon test. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. The value of the r score was used to evaluate the effect size. Results: A significant reduction in the time in the fast walk 10MWT (p = 0.006; r = 0.63) and TUG (p < 0.001; r = 0.80) parameter were found after therapy. Significant improvement in the BBS score was found after applied therapy (p = 0.016; r = 0.55). In the PDQ-39 questionnaire, significant improvements were found in the study group after therapy in the domains of mobility (p = 0.027; r = 0.51) and emotional well-being (p = 0.011; r = 0.58). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a positive effect of virtual reality therapy on balance and gait, which is also good in terms of reducing the risk of falls in the study group. Therapy also promoted quality of life in the study group.

• MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Quality of Life * psychology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Parkinson Disease * psychology   physiopathology   therapy   complications   MeSH
• Postural Balance physiology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy methods   MeSH
• Virtual Reality * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Jednou z hlavních herních činností jednotlivce, na které záleží úspěch či neúspěch týmu v plážovém volejbale, je nahrávka. Nahrávka je činnost charakterizována jako odbití míče po přihrávce k vybranému smečaři. Jednou z hlavních svalových skupin, které jsou pro plážové volejbalisty důležité jsou hamstringy. Hamstringy pomáhají s flexí dolní končetiny v koleni a pomáhají s extenzí dolní končetiny v kyčelním kloubu. Studie si klade za cíl posoudit aktivitu hamstringů u vybrané herní činnosti. Studie předpokládá, že zapojení pravé a levé strany při nahrávce spodem i při nahrávce vrchem bude stejné. Zároveň je předpokládem, že u nahrávky spodem obouruč, bude aktivita hamstringů vyšší než u nahrávky vrchem obouruč. Hlavní použitou metodou pro sběr dat bylo měření pomocí povrchové elektromyografie. Pro sběr dat byl použit přístroj Ultium (Noraxon, USA), společně s kamerovým systémem Nixon. Pro zpracování dat bylo použito prostředí pro statistické výpočty R. Pro výpočet testových kritérií byl použit Mannův-Whitney U test. Z jeho výsledků vyplývá, že strany jsou do nahrávky zapojené symetricky. Nicméně statisticky významný rozdíl se projevuje mezi nahrávkou pomocí odbití vrchem a odbitím spodem u pravého bicepsu (P = 0,0337) i u pravého semitendinosus (P = 0,0097). Z výsledků můžeme konstatovat, že u nahrávky by nemělo docházet ke svalovým dysbalancím.

One of the main playing activities of an individual that depends on the success or failure of a team is setting. The setting is characterised by the action as the beating of a ball after a pass to the attacker. One of the main muscle groups that are important to beachvolleyball players is hamstrings. Hamstrings help with lower leg flexion in the knee and help with lower leg extension in the hip joint. The study aims to assess hamstring activity in selected gaming activity. We assume that the involvement of the right and left sides in the setting at the bottom and in the setting at the top will be the same.The main method used for data collection was measurement using surface electromyography. The Ultium (Noraxon, USA) instrument was used to collect the data, along with the Nixon camera system.Mann Whitney U test was used for statistical calculations The results indicate that the parties are symmetrically involved in the setting. However, a statistically significant difference occurs between the setting using the upper and lower strokes of the right bicep (P = 0,0337) and the right semitendinosus (P = 0,0097). We can conclude from the results that there should be no muscular imbalance in the setting.

• MeSH
• Data Analysis MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena physiology   MeSH
• Electromyography methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Musculoskeletal System MeSH
• Postural Balance physiology   MeSH
• Videotape Recording methods   MeSH
• Volleyball * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Hamstring Muscles * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

This study evaluated the effects of a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up program on injury incidence, neuromuscular function, and program adherence, maintenance and acceptance in adolescent basketball players. A total of 275 players from 20 Slovenian teams (15 ± 1.7 years of age), were randomized into an intervention group (IG, n=129) and a control group (CG, n=146). Over three months, the IG incorporated NMT into their warm-ups, while the CG followed their usual practice. Measurements of body anthropometry, muscle contractile properties, and balance were taken before and after the intervention. Also, the injury incidence, training adherence and maintenance were reported. Both groups showed improved balance, with no significant difference between them. However, IG demonstrated reduced delay times in specific muscles, indicating improved neuromuscular function. Injury prevalence proportion (%) during the whole study period was higher in the control group compared to intervention (IG: 10.9% vs. CG: 23.3%), and incidence rate. Moreover, the incidence rate ratio for sustaining an injury was 2.6 on average (ranging from 0.88 to 7.07 for tendon and muscle injuries, respectively), indicating significantly lower injury risk in IG than CG. These findings highlight the effectiveness of NMT warm-ups in reducing injury risk and enhancing neuromuscular function, emphasizing the value of structured injury prevention strategies in youth sports..

• MeSH
• Anthropometry MeSH
• Basketball * injuries   physiology   MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Physical Conditioning, Human methods   MeSH
• Muscle, Skeletal injuries   physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Tendon Injuries prevention & control   epidemiology   MeSH
• Postural Balance physiology   MeSH
• Athletic Injuries * prevention & control   epidemiology   MeSH
• Muscle Contraction physiology   MeSH
• Muscle Strength physiology   MeSH
• Warm-Up Exercise * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovenia MeSH

BACKGROUND: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is being used in rehabilitation and sport. Studies confirm its positive impact on muscle strength and power or regulating muscle hypertension. However, there are some uncertainties regarding its influence on postural stability. This issue seems particularly interesting in the case of individuals with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH), for whom proprioceptive training and muscle strengthening exercises are recommended while techniques that decrease muscle tension are not advised. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the acute effect of WBV on postural stability in adults with GJH. METHODS: 60 participants were categorized into the groups: 1) hypermobility with vibration (GJH+WBV), 2) hypermobility without vibration (GJH-WBV), 3) control group with vibration (CTRL+WBV), 4) control group without vibration (CTRL-WBV). The first and the third group completed WBV (frequency: 15 Hz and 30 Hz, amplitude 3 mm, 3 × 3 min). The second and fourth groups participated only in measurement sessions. GJH was assessed using the Beighton test. Postural stability was measured as the overall stability index (OSI) on the Biodex Balance System on the stable and unstable platform with open and closed eyes. Measurements were taken before and after WBV for two weeks. RESULTS: At a frequency of 15 Hz, a significant time effect was observed for measurements Before and After in CTRL-WBV on the stable platform with open eyes (p= 0.012) and on the unstable platform with closed eyes (p= 0.000) for the GJH+WBV and CTRL+WBV groups. There were no significant interactions (p> 0.05) between factors. At a frequency of 30 Hz, there was a significant time effect Before and After (p= 0.047) on the stable platform with open eyes, but no interaction was found between factors (p= 0.835). CONCLUSION: There is no positive acute effect of WBV on postural stability in adults with and without GJH.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Joint Instability * physiopathology   rehabilitation   therapy   MeSH
• Postural Balance * physiology   MeSH
• Vibration * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Patients who have sustained extensive burns frequently exhibit substantial damage to skeletal muscle and associated complications. The rehabilitation of these patients can be challenging due to the nature of the injury and the subsequent complications. Nevertheless, there is a possibility that functional proprioceptive stimulation (illusory movements) may facilitate effective rehabilitation in patients with limited physiotherapy options. Nevertheless, this approach has yet to be tested in patients with burn injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: A prospective, randomised, crossover trial was conducted at a burn centre in a tertiary teaching hospital. The objective was to assess the effects of illusory movements on energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle biology in adult critically ill patients with deep burns covering 30 % or more of the total body surface area. Two 30-minute daily sessions of functional proprioceptive stimulation were administered in addition to the standard physical therapy or physical activity regimen. Subsequently, the patients proceeded to the next stage of the trial, which involved a two-week crossover period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Daily indirect calorimetry and calculation of nitrogen balance. Skeletal muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis for high resolution respirometry and euglycemic clamps to assess whole body glucose disposal were performed three times: at baseline and then fortnightly after each intervention period. The intervention was feasible and well tolerated in both early and late stages of burn disease. It did not change energy expenditure (mean change -33 [95 % CI: -292;+227] kcal .24 h-1, p = 0.79), nitrogen balance (+2.0 [95 % CI: -3.1;+7.1] g N .1.73 m-2 BSA .24 h-1), or insulin sensitivity (mean change of insulin-mediated glucose disposal -0.33 [95 % CI: -1.18;+0.53] mmol.h-1). At the cellular level, the intervention increased the capacity of mitochondria to synthesize ATP by aerobic phosphorylation and tended to increase mitochondrial coupling. Functional capacities of fatty acid oxidation and electron transfer chain complexes I, II, and IV were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to physical therapy alone, two daily sessions of functional proprioceptive stimulation in addition to usual physical therapy in patients with extensive burns did not change energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, nitrogen balance, or energy substrate oxidation. At cellular level, the intervention improved the capacity of aerobic phosphorylation in skeletal muscle mitochondria. Clinical effects remain to be demonstrated in adequately powered trials.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Energy Metabolism * physiology   MeSH
• Insulin Resistance physiology   MeSH
• Cross-Over Studies * MeSH
• Muscle, Skeletal * metabolism   physiopathology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Calorimetry, Indirect MeSH
• Burns * metabolism   therapy   rehabilitation   physiopathology   complications   MeSH
• Body Surface Area MeSH
• Proprioception physiology   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Physical Therapy Modalities MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

INTRODUCTION: One of the most debilitating problems encountered by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is the loss of balance and coordination. Our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of one year of Tai-chi exercise in patients with MS using both subjective and objective methods, including posturography. METHODS: This was a single-group longitudinal one-year study performed from the 1st of January 2019 to the 1st of January 2020. The primary outcomes of interest were the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and static posturography measures as objective methods to detect subtle changes associated with postural control/balance impairment. Secondary outcomes were measures of depression, anxiety, cognitive performance, and quality of life. All objective and subjective parameters were assessed four times: at baseline, and after three, six and 12 months of regular Tai-chi training. The difference was calculated as a subtraction of baseline values from every timepoint value for each measurement. If the normality test was passed, parametric one-sample t-test was used, if failed, Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to test the difference between the baseline and each timepoint. Alpha was set to 0.017 using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Out of 25 patients with MS enrolled, 15 women with MS (mean age 44.27 years) were included for statistical analyses after completing the 12-month program. After 12 months, significant improvements were found in all objective balance and gait tests: Mini-BESTest (p<0.001), static posturography measures (total area of the centre of foot pressure - TA; p = 0.015), 25 Feet Walk Test (25FWT; p = 0.001), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI; p = 0.005) and cognition tests (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test - PASAT; p = 0.003). Measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI; p = 0.071), cognition (Symbol Digit Modalities Test - SDMT; p = 0.079), and health-related quality of life (European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions Questionnaire - EQ-5D-5L; p = 0.095) showed a trend of improvement but were not significant, which could be the result of a small sample and increased bias due the type II error. CONCLUSION: According to these preliminary results, this study indicates the possible beneficial effects of long-term Tai-chi training on patients with MS. Although these findings need to be confirmed by further studies with a larger sample of participants of both genders and require more rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCT) design, our findings support the recommendation of regular and long-term Tai-chi exercise in patients with MS. GOV IDENTIFIER (RETROSPECTIVELY REGISTERED): NCT05474209.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Cognition MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Postural Balance MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Multiple Sclerosis * complications   therapy   MeSH
• Tai Ji * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH