Niemann-Pick diseases. (A case report) Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Niemann-Pick typ C predstavuje veľmi vzácne a závažné lyzozómové ochorenie. Diagnostika tohto ochorenia je komplementárna a žiadny z testov sám o sebe nemusí stačiť pre jednoznačné stanovenie diagnózy. Tento príspevok opisuje, ako sa od pozorovania prvých príznakov krok za krokom prišlo k stanoveniu konečnej diagnózy, a ktoré vyšetrenia boli pre diagnostiku potrebné. Pozornosť bude venovaná aj dôrazu na potrebu genetického vyšetrenia v prípade potvrdenia tejto diagnózy u rodičov ako prevencia prepuknutia ochorenia u ďalších súrodencov.
The Niemann-Pick type C is a very rare and serious lysosomal storage disease. The diagnosis of this disease is complex, and none of the tests alone is sufficient to confirm the diagnosis. This thesis describes the diagnosis from initial observation of first symptoms to confirmation of the final diagnosis. We also list all the test required to establish the diagnosis. We also focus on importance of genetic testing of parents as a preventative approach to disease onset of other children.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of the modified amino acid acetyl-dl-leucine (AL) on cerebellar ataxia, eye movements, and quality of life of patients with Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease. METHODS: Twelve patients with NP-C disease were treated with AL 3 g/d for 1 week and then with 5 g/d for 3 weeks with a subsequent washout period of 1 month. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), the Spinocerebellar Ataxia Functional Index (SCAFI), the modified Disability Rating Scale (mDRS), EuroQol 5Q-5D-5L, and the visual analog scale (VAS) were administered. Measurements took place at baseline, after 1 month of therapy, and after 1 month of washout. RESULTS: The SARA score changed from the baseline (median [±SD, interquartile range]) of 10.8 (11.2, 8-24.6) to 7.0 (10.7, 5.6-19.6) on medication (difference: 3.8 points) and 10.5 (11.5, 7.1-23.9) after washout (difference: 3.5 points) (p = 0.000412; post hoc p = 0.003 between baseline and on medication, and on medication and washout p = 0.005). The SCAFI subscore 9-Hole Peg Test for dominant hand, mDRS score, and VAS score also improved on medication. No side effects except transient dizziness in one patient were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with AL improved ataxic symptoms in patients with NP-C without relevant side effects, thus showing a reasonable risk-benefit profile. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that AL improves cerebellar symptoms and quality of life in patients with NP-C.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalita života psychologie MeSH
- leucin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Niemannova-Pickova nemoc typu C diagnóza farmakoterapie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C) is difficult to diagnose due to heterogeneous and nonspecific clinical presentation. The NP-C Suspicion Index (SI) was developed to identify patients with a high likelihood of NP-C; however, it was less reliable in patients aged <4 years. METHODS: An early-onset NP-C SI was constructed following retrospective chart review of symptom presentation in 200 patients from nine centres comprised of 106 NP-C cases, 31 non-cases and 63 controls. Statistical analyses defined strength of association between symptoms and a diagnosis of NP-C and assigned risk prediction scores to each symptom. RESULTS: Visceral symptoms were amongst the strongest predictors. Except for gelastic cataplexy and vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, central nervous system symptoms were not discriminatory in this population. Performance of the early-onset NP-C SI was superior versus the original NP-C SI in patients aged ≤4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The early-onset NP-C SI can help physicians, especially those with limited knowledge of NP-C, to identify patients aged ≤4 years who warrant further investigation for NP-C.
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- metody pro podporu rozhodování * MeSH
- Niemannova-Pickova nemoc typu C diagnóza MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- ukazatele zdravotního stavu * MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- emfyzém diagnóza MeSH
- intersticiální plicní nemoci diagnóza genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci novorozenců diagnóza genetika patologie MeSH
- Niemannova-Pickova nemoc diagnóza genetika komplikace MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
We present the third case of Niemann-Pick disease type C without neurological symptoms. The patient was a 53-year-old woman without significant prior health problems who died of acute pulmonary embolism. Autopsy findings of hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and ceroid-rich foam cells raised the suspicion of the visceral form of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick disease type B; NPB) or a much rarer disorder, variant adult visceral form of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). To verify the histopathological findings, SMPD1, NPC1 and NPC2 genes were analysed. Two novel sequence variants, c.1997G>A (S666N) and c.2882A>G (N961S) were detected in the NPC1 gene. No pathogenic sequence variants were found either in the SMPD1 gene mutated in NPB or in NPC2 gene. The pathogenicity of both NPC1 variants was supported by their location in regions important for the protein function. Both variations were not found in more than 300 control alleles. Identified sequence variations confirm the diagnosis of the extremely rare adult visceral form of Niemann-Pick disease type C, which is otherwise dominated by neurovisceral symptoms. Although only three patients have been reported, this (most probably underdiagnosed) form of NPC should be considered in differential diagnosis of isolated hepatosplenomegaly with foam cells in adulthood.
- MeSH
- glykoproteiny genetika MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové glykoproteiny * genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mozek patologie MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- Niemannova-Pickova nemoc typu C * diagnóza genetika patologie MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- sfingomyelinfosfodiesterasa genetika MeSH
- slezina patologie MeSH
- transportní proteiny * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Dědičné metabolické poruchy (DMP) tvoří heterogenní skupinu více než 1000 nemocí s extrémní klinickou variabilitou a tíží manifestace. Tato onemocnění se často manifestují již v dětství, avšak zejména poslední dobou byla popsána řada lehčích a pozdně se manifestujících forem nezřídka s různou psychiatrickou manifestací (PM). Jedná se o onemocnění vzácná, klinická zkušenost s konkrétní poruchou bývá malá. Cílem práce je nastínit problematiku PM u pacientů s DMP, přiblížit principy patofyziologie DMP a na příkladu kazuistik vybraných onemocnění zvýšit povědomí o této skupině nemocí. Varovným příznakem PM u DMP může být familiární výskyt a časný rozvoj onemocnění, nápadná fluktuace klinických příznaků, kognitivní deteriorace, zrakové halucinace, přítomnost katatonie, rezistence na běžnou léčbu, vyšší četnost nežádoucích účinků terapie, či dokonce zhoršení PM po jejím zahájení. Klasickými příklady takovýchto onemocnění jsou poruchy cyklu močoviny, poruchy metabolismu sirných aminokyselin, akutní porfyrie, Niemannova-Pickova choroba typ C, Tayova-Sachsova nemoc, adultní forma metachromatické leukodystrofie, X-vázaná adrenoleukodystrofie, Wilsonova choroba a mitochondriální onemocnění. Diagnostika je složitá a měla by být provedena ve spolupráci se specializovaným centrem. Její význam je zdůrazněn dostupností účinné terapie pro řadu z těchto onemocnění.
nborn errors of metabolism (IEM) comprise a heterogeneous group of more than 1000 diseases with extreme clinical variability and severity of manifestation. These disorders often present themselves mainly in childhood. However, a number of less severe and later-onset forms often with a varied psychiatric manifestation (PM) has been described lately. Since the diseases are rare, clinical experience with particular disorder is usually diminutive. The aim of this work is to shed light upon the issue of PM in patients with IEM, to outline the principles of the pathophysiology of IEM and to raise awareness of this group of disorders upon examples of selected diseases case reports. Cautionary signs of PM of IEM can be familial occurence and early onset of the disease, conspicious fluctuation of clinical signs, cognitive deterioration, visual hallucinations, presence of catatonia, resistance to common treatment, higher frequency of adverse events of the therapy or even worsening of PM after its commencement. Typical examples of such disorders are urea cycle defects, disorders of sulfur amino acids metabolism, acute porphyrias, Niemann-Pick disease type C, Tay-Sachs disease, adult form of metachromatic leukodystrophy, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, Wilson disease and mitochondrial diseases. The diagnostics is intricate and ought to be conducted in cooperation with a specialised centre. Its importance is emphasized by the availability of effective therapy for a number of these disorders.
- MeSH
- adrenoleukodystrofie diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hepatolentikulární degenerace diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- homocystinurie diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- hyperamonemie diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metachromatická leukodystrofie diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- mitochondriální nemoci diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mukopolysacharidózy diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- Niemannova-Pickova nemoc typu C diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- porfyrie diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- Tay-Sachsova nemoc diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- vrozené poruchy metabolismu * diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
NPC1 encodes a lysosomal protein involved in cholesterol transport. Biallelic mutations in this gene may lead to Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), a lysosomal storage disorder. The role of NPC1 in alpha synucleinopathies is still unclear, as different genetic, clinical, and pathological studies have reported contradictory results. This study aimed to evaluate the association of NPC1 variants with the synucleinopathies Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and rapid eye movement-sleep behavior disorder (RBD). We analyzed common and rare variants from 3 cohorts of European descent: 1084 RBD cases and 2945 controls, 2852 PD cases and 1686 controls, and 2610 DLB cases and 1920 controls. Logistic regression models were used to assess common variants while optimal sequence Kernel association tests were used to assess rare variants, both adjusted for sex, age, and principal components. No variants were associated with any of the synucleinopathies, supporting that common and rare NPC1 variants do not play an important role in alpha synucleinopathies.
The clinical and polygraphic characteristics of narcolepsy in children were established on the analysis of 97 reported cases in children (including 12 personal cases). In idiopathic narcolepsies (77 cases) narcoleptic attacks occurred in 97% of the cases, cataplexy in 80.5%, hypnagogic hallucination in 39% and sleep paralysis in 29%; 13% of the children had the tetrad; dyssomnia was a prominent feature. Polygraphic data showed no significant differences between adults and children. In symptomatic narcolepsies (20 cases): cataplexy was the prominent feature occurring in 95% of the cases, 26% of the children had status cataplecticus; in these narcoleptic-cataplectic syndromes there was often an absence of polygraphic evidence of narcolepsy. Symptomatic narcolepsy should be suspected in cases where narcolepsy is detected in preteenage children, where cataplectic attacks are abnormally frequent, where there is an absence of polygraphic evidence of classical narcolepsy (although this criterion may not apply in the case of younger children) or where human leukocyte antigen typing for DR2 is negative. An association with a Niemann-Pick disease type C was found in 12 out of the 20 symptomatic cases, this association merits further study.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- HLA-DR2 antigen MeSH
- katalepsie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- narkolepsie * diagnóza MeSH
- polysomnografie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- spánek REM MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH