Stručný souhrn současných poznatků a praktických doporučených postupů týkajících se nezhoubného zvětšení předstojné žlázy.

Short summary of the current knowledge and practical guidelines on benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• MeSH
• hyperplazie prostaty * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH

S recidivujícími infekcemi močových cest se v klinickém praxi setkáváme velmi často. Intravezikální aplikace kyseliny hyaluronové napomáhá k obnovení ochranné glykosaminoglykanové vrstvy na povrchu urotelu a přispívá ke snížení počtu recidiv. Tato léčba představuje účinnou možnost zejména u pacientek, u kterých režimová opatření v kombinaci s non-antimikrobiální či antimikrobiální profylaxí nemají dostatečný efekt.

Recurrent urinary tract infections are very common in clinical practice. Endovesical installation of hyaluronic acid helps to restore the protective glycosaminoglycan layer on the surface of bladder urothelium and reduces the frequency of recidives. This treatment represents an effective option especially for patients in whom regime measures in combination with non-antimicrobial or antimicrobial prophylaxis has been unsuccessful.

• MeSH
• aplikace intravezikální MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí * prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• dekubity diagnóza   ošetřování   terapie   MeSH
• domácí ošetřování MeSH
• ošetřovatelské zhodnocení MeSH
• služby domácí péče MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• bezpečnost MeSH
• hygiena práce MeSH
• služby domácí péče MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH

Developmental remodeling shapes neural circuits via activity-dependent pruning of synapses and axons. Regulation of the cytoskeleton is critical for this process, as microtubule loss via enzymatic severing is an early step of pruning across many circuits and species. However, how microtubule-severing enzymes, such as spastin, are activated in specific neuronal compartments remains unknown. Here, we reveal that polyglutamylation, a post-translational tubulin modification enriched in neurons, plays an instructive role in developmental remodeling by tagging microtubules for severing. Motor neuron-specific gene deletion of enzymes that add or remove tubulin polyglutamylation-TTLL glutamylases vs. CCP deglutamylases-accelerates or delays neuromuscular synapse remodeling in a neurotransmission-dependent manner. This mechanism is not specific to peripheral synapses but also operates in central circuits, e.g., the hippocampus. Thus, tubulin polyglutamylation acts as a cytoskeletal rheostat of remodeling that shapes neuronal morphology and connectivity.

• MeSH
• hipokampus metabolismus   cytologie   MeSH
• kyselina polyglutamová * metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrotubuly * metabolismus   MeSH
• motorické neurony * metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nervosvalové spojení metabolismus   MeSH
• nervový přenos MeSH
• neurony * metabolismus   MeSH
• neuroplasticita * fyziologie   MeSH
• peptidsynthasy metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů MeSH
• spastin metabolismus   MeSH
• synapse metabolismus   MeSH
• tubulin metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidaemia is a key risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), necessitating effective statin therapy. Despite statins' proven safety and efficacy, adherence remains suboptimal, with significant gaps between clinical practice and guideline recommendations. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analysed anonymized health administrative claims data from six employee health funds in the Czech Republic, covering approximately 40% of the insured population from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. We identified statin-incident as well as prevalent cohort of patients. Adherence to statin therapy was assessed using the proportion of days covered (PDC) metric, with factors such as age, gender, sequence of use, and treatment intensity considered as modifiers. RESULTS: Among the statin-prevalent cohort (SP, n = 890,180), 83.5% achieved a PDC ≥ 50%, and 61.0% reached a PDC ≥ 80%. In the statin-incident cohort (SI, n = 287,871), a clear trend of increasing adherence with age and medication sequence was observed: in adults aged 18-39 median PDC rose from 84.1% (IQR: 57-100) in the first to 94.7% (IQR: 75.6-100) in the third sequence; in those aged 80 + median PDC rose from 95.0% (IQR: 68.9-100) in the first to 100% (IQR: 78.3-100) in the third sequence. Logistic regression identified age (OR=1.011 per year), female gender (OR=0.896), high-intensity treatment (OR=0.975), and second (OR=1.267) or later treatment sequences (OR=1.704) as significant predictors of adherence (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Adherence to statin therapy improves with subsequent treatment sequences and age. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance adherence, particularly among younger patients. The PDC metric is recommended for integration into clinical practice to monitor and improve medication adherence.

• MeSH
• adherence k farmakoterapii * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statiny * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Previous research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes' relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N > 5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group. Regional agreement with traditional gender roles was explored as a potential moderator. These findings have implications for understanding the unique forms of prejudice women face around the world.

• MeSH
• běloši MeSH
• černoši MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• předsudek * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stereotypizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission, with numerous pathogenic variants identified in the GluN subunits, including their ligand-binding domains (LBDs). The prevailing hypothesis postulates that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control machinery verifies the agonist occupancy of NMDARs, but this was tested in a limited number of studies. Using microscopy and electrophysiology in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, we found that surface expression of GluN1/GluN2A receptors containing a set of alanine substitutions within the LBDs correlated with the measured EC50 values for glycine (GluN1 subunit mutations) while not correlating with the measured EC50 values for l-glutamate (GluN2A subunit mutations). The mutant cycle of GluN1-S688 residue, including the pathogenic GluN1-S688Y and GluN1-S688P variants, showed a correlation between relative surface expression of the GluN1/GluN2A receptors and the measured EC50 values for glycine, as well as with the calculated ΔGbinding values for glycine obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast, the mutant cycle of GluN2A-S511 residue did not show any correlation between the relative surface expression of the GluN1/GluN2A receptors and the measured EC50 values for l-glutamate or calculated ΔGbinding values for l-glutamate. Coexpression of both mutated GluN1 and GluN2A subunits led to additive or synergistic alterations in the surface number of GluN1/GluN2A receptors. The synchronized ER release by ARIAD technology confirmed the altered early trafficking of GluN1/GluN2A receptors containing the mutated LBDs. The microscopical analysis from embryonal rat hippocampal neurons (both sexes) corroborated our conclusions from the HEK293 cells.

• MeSH
• glycin metabolismus   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• hipokampus cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyselina glutamová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• proteinové domény MeSH
• proteiny nervové tkáně MeSH
• receptory N-methyl-D-aspartátu * metabolismus   genetika   chemie   MeSH
• transport proteinů fyziologie   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) are a predominant cause of azathioprine-induced leucopenia in Western countries. The exact role of these polymorphisms in the Indian population with dermatological disorders is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of genetic polymorphism of TPMT and its impact on the safety of azathioprine in dermatological disorders. METHODS: We included consecutive patients on azathioprine who were initiated for dermatological disorders from South India. Three TPMT polymorphisms (c.238G>C, c.460G>A and c.719A>G) were assessed. The proportions of adverse events to azathioprine, especially myelosuppression, were compared between those with the wildtype genotype and those with TPMT polymorphisms. RESULTS: Of the 123 patients (61 male and 62 female, mean age 46 years), 65% had an autoimmune blistering disorder. Adverse events to azathioprine were noted in 25 (20.3%), of whom 16 (13.0%) had myelosuppression and 4 (3.2%) each had hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal intolerance. TPMT polymorphisms were detected in 13 (10.6%), of whom 5 had experienced adverse events. The polymorphisms could explain 25% (4 of 16) of the cases of leucopenia. The odds of developing leucopenia in patients with TPMT polymorphism were not significant (odds ratio 3.63, 95% confidence interval 0.96-13.6; P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The tested TPMT polymorphisms could not predict the adverse events of azathioprine, particularly the haematological toxicity, in dermatological use among the South Indian population.

• MeSH
• azathioprin * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• imunosupresiva * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinická relevance MeSH
• kožní nemoci * farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• leukopenie chemicky indukované   genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methyltransferasy * genetika   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indie MeSH

Štúdia, ktorá sa zameriava na vývojovú psychológiu, konkrétne na formovanie vzťahovej väzby v priebehu života človeka. Určené odbornej verejnosti.

• MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• připoutání k objektu MeSH
• rodinné vztahy MeSH
• vývojová psychologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Vývojová psychologie. Individuální psychologie
• NLK Obory
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie