An imbalance in coagulation is associated with cardiovascular events. For prevention and treatment, anticoagulants, currently mainly xabans and gatrans, are used. The purpose of the present study was to provide a head-to-head comparison since there are no studies directly evaluating these novel anticoagulants. An additional aim was to find whether selected anthropological and biochemical factors can affect their anticoagulant properties as they are used in fixed doses. In this cross-sectional study, blood from 50 generally healthy donors was collected, and coagulation responses to dabigatran, argatroban, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, at a concentration of 1 μM, were analyzed. Heparin was used as a positive control. Prothrombin time (PT) expressed as international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured and compared. Rivaroxaban was the most active according to PT/INR while argatroban according to aPTT. The ex vivo anticoagulant effect measured by INR correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI) in all four anticoagulants tested. Shortening of aPTT was associated with higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels. No sex-related differences were observed in response to the anticoagulant treatments. As this was an ex vivo study and pharmacokinetic factors were not included, the influence of BMI is of high therapeutic importance.
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia * farmakologie MeSH
- arginin * analogy a deriváty MeSH
- dabigatran farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hemokoagulace * účinky léků MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- INR MeSH
- kyseliny pipekolové * farmakologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- parciální tromboplastinový čas MeSH
- protrombinový čas MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- pyrazoly farmakologie MeSH
- pyridony farmakologie farmakokinetika MeSH
- rivaroxaban * farmakologie MeSH
- sulfonamidy farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
PURPOSE: Obesity and its related severe comorbidities are increasing rapidly. The duodenal-jejunal bypass is an endoscopically implanted device (mimicking the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) developed to support weight reduction and improve type 2 diabetes control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective data analysis of consecutive patients undergoing duodenal-jejunal bypass (EndoBarrier®, DJB) implantation between 2013 and 2017 was performed to evaluate safety as well as short- and long-term efficacy. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one patients (mean BMI of 43.1 ± 7.2 kg/m2 and weight of 138.2 ± 28.6 kg) underwent DJB implantation. The mean dwelling time was 15.5 months, the mean total body weight loss (%TBWL) after explantation was 10.3% ± 7.9% (14.2 kg, p < 0.0001), and the mean BMI was 39.5 ± 7.3 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001). There was no significant weight gain 24 months after the explantation. Seventy-seven patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a mean HbA1c before implantation of 5.6% (n = 52). The mean HbA1c after explantation was 5.1% (p = 0.0001). Significant reductions in transaminase and lipid levels before and after explantation were observed. One complication occurred during implantation and another during explantation. In 16 patients, the device had to be extracted earlier than expected (7 for severe adverse events and 9 for adverse events; 13.2%). CONCLUSION: Despite an evident rate of adverse events, the DJB shows promise as a weight-loss procedure. Our results show that some patients implanted with the device maintained reduced weight even 24 months after explantation, while many improved T2DM control.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- duodenum chirurgie MeSH
- glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
- jejunum chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidní obezita * chirurgie MeSH
- obezita chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- žaludeční bypass * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východiska: V tradičním pojetí vnímání univerzit byl dlouhou dobu akcentován model první a druhé role. První role univerzit byla vždy spjata se samotným vzděláváním. Druhá role pak s vědecko-výzkumnou činností. Třetí role univerzit je dnes již zakotvena jako nedílná součást dlouhodobých záměrů většiny univerzit. Hlavní myšlenkou je především skutečnost, že univerzity, fakulty a její parciální pracoviště by se neměly uzavírat do sebe samých, ale měly by zaujmout aktivní roli ve veřejném prostoru. V současnosti jedním z modelů naplňování třetí role je pojetí univerzity, která může být pojímána nebo se může profilovat jako podnikatelský subjekt – triple helix model. Tímto může docházet k větší propojenosti univerzit s aplikační a podnikatelskou praxí. Tato skutečnost následně umožňuje komercializovat výsledky vědecko-výzkumné činnosti, podílet se na pokrytí nákladových položek a případně generovat zisk konkrétních univerzitních pracovišť. Cíle: Cílem práce je představení konceptu Průmysl 4.0, jeho vliv a přesahy do oblasti práce a vzdělávání, včetně naplňování třetí role univerzit. V analytické části je cílem představit konkrétní příklady „dobré praxe“ v realizaci naplňování třetí role v rámci činnosti univerzitního vědeckotechnického parku a ve spolupráci s dalšími významnými univerzitními pracovišti v ČR a subjekty z podnikatelského prostředí. Závěry: Předložená práce naznačuje možnosti propojení univerzitního prostředí a vybraných pracovišť s podnikatelským prostředím na konkrétních příkladech dobré praxe. Jsou předloženy možnosti vzájemné spolupráce různých univerzitních pracovišť s komerční sférou, ve snaze naplňovat třetí roli univerzit v kontextu modelu triple helix.
Background: The traditional perception of universities has long emphasised the first and second role model. The first role of universities has always been linked to education itself. The second role has been linked to scientific research. The third role of universities is now embedded as an integral part of the long-term goals of most universities. Above all, the main idea is that universities, faculties and their departments should not be self-contained but should take an active role in the public sphere. Currently, one model for fulfilling the third role is the notion of a university that can be conceived or profile itself as a business entity - the triple helix model. This may lead to greater interconnection between universities and application and business practice. This in turn enables the commercialization of the results of scientific research activities, participation in cost recovery and possibly profit generation for specific university departments. Objective: The aim of the thesis is to introduce the concept of Industry 4.0, its impact and overlaps in the field of work and education, including the fulfilment of the third role of universities. In the analytical part, the aim is to present concrete examples of "good practice" in the implementation of the third role within the activities of the university science and technology park and in cooperation with other major universities in the Czech Republic and entities from the business environment. Conclusions: The presented work indicates the possibilities of linking the university environment and selected departments with the business environment on specific examples of good practice. The possibilities of mutual cooperation between different university departments and the commercial sphere are presented, in an attempt to fulfil the third role of universities in the context of the triple helix model.
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are lactose-derived functional ingredients applied in food products and have great potential in health protection. The conversion of lactose to GOS commonly occurs using β-galactosidases of mould, yeast and bacterial origin. The yield and structure of the resulting GOS depend on the enzyme used and the reaction conditions. This work focuses on the structural analysis of the products obtained with four commercial β-galactosidases Maxilact LGI 5000 (ML), Maxilact A4 MG (MA), Saphera 2600 L (SA) and NOLA Fit 5500 (NL) to evaluate their efficiency and specificity. HPLC, ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy were applied to characterise the GOS preparations. GOS were separated from the reaction mixture using activated charcoal treatment. HPLC analysis confirmed that most of the monosaccharides and a part of the lactose, but also some other disaccharides, probably allolactose and 6-galactobiose, were retained by charcoal. In all the products, ESI-MS analysis detects oligosaccharides up to hexamers. NMR spectra confirmed the presence of GOS of various configurations and polymerisation degrees and evaluated the specificity of used enzymes. MA preferably forms 1,6- and 1,4-glycosidic bonds, and bacterial enzymes NL and SA also form 1,2- and 1,3- glycosidic bonds, while yeast enzyme ML cannot produce new 1,4-glycosidic bonds. The mould enzyme MA showed the highest trans-galactosylation activity, forming longer GOS oligomers than the other enzymes.
- MeSH
- beta-galaktosidasa * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- galaktosa chemie metabolismus MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací * metody MeSH
- laktosa metabolismus chemie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * metody MeSH
- oligosacharidy * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: A multicentre European randomized control trial - European Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Repair (EU-TBAR) is being developed to compare pre-emptive thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with custom-made devices versus conventional optimal medical therapy. The pretrial set-up is confluent on different pillars, including evaluation of 1) European activity, trends, and governance; 2) outcome reporting; and 3) cost evaluation. This article aimed to demonstrate the observational cross-sectional survey results from participating centers and highlight the risk assessment, activity, practices, and governance of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (uTBAD). METHODS: This observational cross-sectional European survey used a questionnaire that examined the understanding, risk assessment, local governance oversight, and clinical activity of uTBAD. The data were collected and managed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). RESULTS: Out of 43 surveyed surgeons, 37 (86%) responded within a month from 14 European countries. Most reported low annual uTBAD encounters, with autumn being the most common season for cases. Pre-emptive TEVAR was recommended by 43.2% of participants, who favored subacute intervention timing. The Gore TAG was the most used TEVAR device, and custom devices were available for 73% of respondents. Risk factors for uTBAD were ranked, with 'Rapid Aortic Enlargement' deemed most critical. A majority of centers had protocols and multidisciplinary teams, with most having readily available radiology services. Only 45.9% had transfer services to specialized centers. CONCLUSIONS: uTBAD remains a misnomer of a dynamic, ongoing disease process requiring early diagnosis and intervention. Pre-emptive TEVAR in high-risk uTBAD is becoming more common, with encouraging results prompting an expansion of indication criteria to a broader uTBAD population managed conservatively. Nevertheless, further evidence is needed through large randomized controlled trials, mainly European collaboratives, to reach a definitive conclusion on the optimum surgical management of uTBAD.
- MeSH
- aneurysma hrudní aorty * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování ekonomika MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cévní protézy trendy MeSH
- cévy - implantace protéz * škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení trendy ekonomika MeSH
- chirurgové * trendy MeSH
- disekce aorty * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování ekonomika MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony * škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení trendy ekonomika MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění * trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protézy - design MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
