Adipocytokíny sú početné proteíny vylučované prevažne tukovým tkanivom. Regulujú mnohé kľúčové fyziologické procesy v ľudskom tele. Zvýšené alebo znížené hladiny tyreoidálnych hormónov pri rôznych tyreopatiách môžu mať vplyv na sérové hladiny jednotlivých adipocytokínov, najmä adiponektínu, rezistínu a visfatínu. Výsledky štúdií sú však kontroverzné alebo chýbajú. Mätúci vplyv môžu mať aj pridružené ochorenia metabolického charakteru (napr. inzulínová rezistencia a diabetes mellitus 2. typu alebo rozvíjajúca sa ateroskleróza).

Adipocytokines are numerous proteins secreted by adipose tissue predominantly. They regulate many key physiological processes in human body. High or low levels of thyroid hormones in various thyropathies may have influence on levels of various adipocytokines, especially adiponectin, resistin and visfatin. However, results of studies are controversial or miss. Perplexing influence could have associate diseases of metabolic character (e. g. insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus or developing atherosclerosis).

• MeSH
• Adipokines * MeSH
• Hyperthyroidism * physiopathology   MeSH
• Hypothyroidism * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Cytokines MeSH
• Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Carcinoma MeSH
• Leptin biosynthesis   physiology   blood   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins physiology   chemistry   blood   MeSH
• Prostatic Neoplasms MeSH
• Obesity MeSH
• In Vitro Techniques MeSH
• Adipocytes MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

The number of obese and overweight individuals has risen dramatically over the last three decades. Obesity is not only associated with the development of the type 2 diabetes and hypertension but it also has negative effects on liver function, leading to diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Insulin resistance is the primary defect underlying the development of the type 2 diabetes and is a central component defining the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue produces and secretes a variety of tissue hormones ? adipocytokines and adipokines The recently described adipocyte secretory hormones contribute to the pathogenesis of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, a pro-inflammatory state and promote progression of atherosclerosis. The present article gives an overview of the well-known adipocytokines (TNF-?, IL-6, IL-1ß, MCP-1, resistin, RBP4, PAI-1, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, ASP, vaspin, omentin, IL-18, Pref-1, angiotensin) and their role in the regulation of metabolism.

• MeSH
• Adipokines pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Adiponectin pharmacokinetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus metabolism   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Interleukin-1beta MeSH
• Interleukin-6 pharmacokinetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Insulin Resistance MeSH
• Leptin pharmacokinetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Metabolic Syndrome MeSH
• Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase pharmacokinetics   secretion   MeSH
• Obesity metabolism   MeSH
• Resistin pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Adipose Tissue enzymology   chemistry   secretion   MeSH
• Adipocytes enzymology   chemistry   secretion   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Tukové tkanivo je dynamický metabolický orgán, ktorý zabezpečuje metabolickú homeostázu organizmu. Sekrécia adipocytokínov závisí od distribúcie tukového tkaniva, ako aj bunkového zloženia samotného tukového tkaniva – dôležitý je podiel adipocytov, stromálnych buniek, ciev a buniek imunitného systému. Cieľom našich prác, ktoré dokumentuje tento článok, je zistiť vplyv vybraných adipocytokínov na metabolické a imunologické komplikácie po transplantácii obličky. V našich analýzach sme nepotvrdili vplyv chronickej imunosupresie na hladiny adiponektínu a leptínu. Zistili sme však, že vyššie hladiny leptínu predikovali vývoj potransplantačného diabetes mellitus a nízke hladiny adiponektínu boli spojené s obezitou. Taktiež sme potvrdili, že hyperleptinemia je spojená s rozvojom akútnej rejekcie štepu a tvorbou donor špecifických protilátok.

Adipose tissue is a dynamic metabolic organ that regulates the metabolic homeostasis of the body. The secretion of adipocytokines depends on the distribution of adipose tissue, as well as the cellular composition of the adipose tissue itself - the proportion of adipocytes, stromal cells, blood vessels and cells of the immune system is important. In our analyses, the effect of chronic immunosuppression on adiponectin and leptin levels has not been confirmed. However, we found that higher leptin levels predicted the development of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and low adiponectin levels were associated with obesity and insulin resistance. It was also confirmed that hyperleptinemia is associated with the development of acute graft rejection and the formation of donor specific antibodies.

• MeSH
• Adiponectin adverse effects   MeSH
• Leptin adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Graft Rejection etiology   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Kidney Transplantation * MeSH
• Adipocytes * immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Diabetes mellitus is a very common metabolic disease with a rising incidence. It is one of the most serious comorbidities in renal transplant recipients. New-onset diabetes after renal transplantation (NODAT) is associated with poor graft function, higher rates of cardiovascular complications and a poor prognosis. Adipocytokines, synthetized by adipose tissue influence metabolic pathways and disorders in various ways. In this review article, we chose the most researched adipocytokines and evaluated their relationship to posttransplant diabetes mellitus. The aim of this paper is to summarize current knowledge and discuss their perspective role in diagnostics or therapy of the new onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation.

• MeSH
• Adipokines biosynthesis   metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Adiponectin biosynthesis   metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus * epidemiology   etiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Fibroblast Growth Factors biosynthesis   metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 genetics   metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor II biosynthesis   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Insulin Resistance genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis   metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Kidney Transplantation MeSH
• Adipose Tissue immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

To investigate the effect of intensive physiotherapy on disease activity and serum levels of adipocytokines in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Twenty-six patients with AS were included in this study. Intensive physiotherapy was performed twice a week for a period of 3 months. The Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) were assessed at inclusion and after 3 months. Leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin serum levels were analysed by ELISA assays. Patients had mild to moderate disease activity. Baseline levels of adipocytokines did not correlate with indicators of disease activity, functional status or acute-phase reactants. After the 3 months of intensive physiotherapy, BASDAI significantly decreased from 2.98 to 1.8 (p = 0.01) and BASFI improved from 2.31 to 1.37 (p = 0.05), while there were no changes in serum levels of CRP, ESR and adipocytokines. In addition, baseline levels of adipocytokines did not predict the change of disease activity or functional ability. Intensive physiotherapy effectively reduces all clinical measures of disease activity, but it is not associated with a significant change in acute-phase reactants or serum levels of adipocytokines.

• MeSH
• Adipokines blood   MeSH
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing blood   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Exercise Therapy methods   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Health Status MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a serious, progressive eye condition seen in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. GO is characterized by inflammation and swelling of soft orbital tissues. Adipose tissue produces cytokine mediators called adipokines. The present study focuses on the relationship between serum levels of selected adipokines in patients with GO, comparing them with the control group, and uniquely describes the effect of high-dose systemic corticosteroids (HDSC) on their levels. For the purposes of this study, we collected blood samples before and after the treatment with HDSC from 60 GO patients and 34 control subjects and measured serum levels of adiponectin, AIF-1, A-FABP and FGF-21. Levels of adiponectin significantly differed among the three study groups (ANOVA p = 0.03). AIF-1 levels were also significantly different among the study groups (ANOVA p < 0.0001). AIF-1 was significantly associated with the presence of GO after adjusting for clinical factors (age, sex, smoking and BMI) and level of TSH (odds ratio 1.003, p < 0.01). This finding could enforce targeting macrophages in treatment strategies for GO since AIF-1 is considered as a marker of their activation.

• MeSH
• Adipokines MeSH
• Cytokines MeSH
• Graves Ophthalmopathy * drug therapy   MeSH
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Inflammation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Cytokines physiology   immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus enzymology   epidemiology   metabolism   MeSH
• Research Support as Topic MeSH
• Leptin physiology   immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins physiology   immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Neoplasms enzymology   etiology   metabolism   MeSH
• Obesity enzymology   metabolism   physiopathology   MeSH
• In Vitro Techniques MeSH
• Adipose Tissue enzymology   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Comparative Study MeSH

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by self-induced starvation leading to severe weight and fat loss. In the present study, we measured fasting plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, insulin and glucose in 10 women with a restrictive type of AN and in 12 healthy women (C). Insulin sensitivity was determined according to homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R). Plasma resistin, leptin and insulin levels were significantly decreased, whereas plasma adiponectin levels were significantly increased in patients with AN compared to the C. HOMA-R was significantly decreased in patients with AN compared to the C group. Plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations negatively and positively correlated with the body mass index and percentage body fat in both groups. Plasma adiponectin levels were negatively related to plasma insulin levels in the AN group only. In conclusion, we demonstrated that AN is associated with significantly decreased plasma leptin and resistin levels, markedly increased plasma adiponectin levels and increased insulin sensitivity. Plasma leptin and adiponectin levels were related to the body size and adiposity. Hyperadiponectinemia could play a role in increased insulin sensitivity of patients with AN. Neither body size and adiposity nor insulin sensitivity are the major determinants of plasma resistin levels in AN.

• MeSH
• Adipokines isolation & purification   blood   metabolism   MeSH
• Adiponectin isolation & purification   blood   metabolism   MeSH
• Financing, Organized utilization   MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Insulin Resistance physiology   MeSH
• Anorexia Nervosa complications   metabolism   MeSH
• Resistin isolation & purification   blood   metabolism   MeSH
• Women MeSH

Cíl studie: Prozkoumat vztahy zavedených a zvažovaných prediktorů přežití u hemodialyzovaných pacientů a zjistit jejich spojitost s přítomností metabolického syndromu (MS). Typ studie: Observační průřezová studie. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Ústav klinické biochemie a hematologie, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Lékařská fakulta v Plzni a Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň. Materiál a metoda: 80 hemodialyzovaných pacientů (věk 67,0 [61,0–73,5] let, BMI 27,5 [22,7–33,0] kg/m2; medián [mezikvartilové rozpětí], 37 žen) bylo rozděleno do 2 skupin podle defi nice MS (NCEP ATP III) (39 pacientů s MS). Vylučovací kritérium: CRP > 30 mg/l. Vzorky séra a plazmy byly odebírány těsně před zahájením hemodialýzy. Sledovány byly následující parametry: adiponektin (včetně vysokomolekulární formy), leptin, TNF-alfa, PAI-1, ADMA, inzulin, CRP, albumin. K hodnocení rozdílů mezi skupinami byl použit Wilcoxonův dvouvýběrový test. Výsledky: U adiponektinu a leptinu byly nalezeny rozdíly mezi pohlavími v rámci skupin. Koncentrace adiponektinu a podíl jeho vysokomolekulární (HMW) formy byly vyšší u žen ve skupině bez MS (95% CI pro rozdíl mediánů 0,45–10,33 mg/l, respektive 0,006–0,10, p < 0,05), ale mezi pohlavími u pacientů s MS se významně nelišily. Na druhou stranu, hladiny leptinu byly vyšší u žen pouze ve skupině s MS (CI 7,30–52,80 μg/l, p < 0,05). U pacientů s MS byly u obou pohlaví pozorovány nižší hladiny adiponektinu (CI 2,57–8,78 mg/l pro muže a 5,90–14,94 mg/l pro ženy, p < 0,001), nižší podíl HMW formy (CI 0,02–0,13 pro muže a 0,10–0,21 pro ženy, p < 0,001), vyšší hladiny leptinu (CI 11,50–48,10 μg/l pro muže a 31,60–78,40 μg/l pro ženy, p < 0,001) a vyšší hladiny inzulinu (CI 5,4–14,5 mIU/l, p < 0,001). U následujících parametrů nebyly zjištěny statisticky významné rozdíly mezi skupinami: ADMA (CI -0,32–0,13 μmol/l, p = 0,45), CRP (CI -1,55–3,05 mg/l, p = 0,59), PAI-1 (CI -0,7–6,3 μg/l, p = 0,16), TNF-alfa (CI -0,46–0,12 ng/l, p = 0,28) a albumin (CI -2,1–0,8 g/l, p = 0,41). Závěr: Koncentrace adiponektinu a leptinu odrážely přítomnost MS, hladiny zavedených prediktorů přežití, CRP a albuminu, se ale překvapivě mezi skupinami nelišily. Tyto výsledky by nasvědčovaly omezenému významu MS v prognóze hemodialyzovaných pacientů.

Objective: To explore the relationships of established or putative survival predictors in hemodialysis patients and their connection with the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Design: Observational, cross-sectional. Settings: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty Hospital and Charles University – Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Czech Republic. Material and methods: 80 hemodialyzed patients (median [IQR] of age = 67.0 [61.0–73.5] years, BMI = 27.5 [22.7–33.0] kg/m2, 37 females) were divided into 2 groups according to NCEP ATP III defi nition of the MS (39 patients with MS). Exclusion criterion: CRP level > 30 mg/l. Serum and plasma samples were taken prior to hemodialysis initiation. Following parameters were examined: adiponectin (including high-molecular weight form), leptin, TNF-alpha, PAI-1, ADMA, insulin, CRP, albumin. Comparison between groups was done using Wilcoxon rank-sum test for independent samples. Results: Gender differences have been found in adiponectin and leptin levels within the groups. Adiponectin levels and the portion of its high-molecular weight (HMW) form were higher in females in the group without MS (95% CI for the difference of medians 0.45–10.33 mg/l and 0.006-0.10, p < 0.05), respectively, but were not different between sexes in the patients with MS. On the other hand, leptin levels were different (higher in females) only in the group with MS (CI 7.30–52.80 μg/l, p < 0.05). Both for males (M) and females (F), the group with MS showed lower adiponectin levels (CI 2.57–8.78 mg/l for M and 5.90–14.94 mg/l for F, p < 0.001), lower portion of HMW-adiponectin (CI 0.02–0.13 for M and 0.10–0.21 for F, p < 0.001), higher levels of leptin (CI 11.50–48.10 μg/l for M and 31.60–78.40 μg/l for F, p < 0.001) and higher levels of insulin (CI 5.4–14.5 mIU/l, p < 0,001). No statistically signifi cant differences were found in ADMA (CI 0.32–0.13 μmol/l, p = 0.45), CRP (CI 1.55–3.05 mg/l, p = 0.59), PAI-1 (CI 0.7–6.3 μg/l, p = 0.16), TNF-alpha (CI 0.46–0.12 ng/l, p = 0.28) and albumin levels (CI 2.1–0.8, p = 0.41). Conclusion: The concentration of adiponectin and leptin well refl ected the presence of the metabolic syndrome. Surprisingly, levels of conventional survival predictors (CRP, albumin) did not vary between the groups. These fi ndings may suggest a limited relevance of the MS concept in the prognosis of HD patients.

• MeSH
• Adipokines blood   MeSH
• Adiponectin blood   MeSH
• Survival Analysis MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Kidney Failure, Chronic complications   blood   MeSH
• Renal Dialysis MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Leptin blood   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Metabolic Syndrome MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH