Biometrics
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
- Klíčová slova
- SS-OCT,
- MeSH
- axiální délka oka diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- biometrie * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- katarakta MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- optická koherentní tomografie * metody MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- rohovková topografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Lékové formy s elektronickým prvkem je možné zařadit mezi jedny z nejmodernějších a nejinovativnějších lékových systémů posledních několika dekád. Inkorporace elektronického/digitálního prvku nabízí řadu výhod, jako např. možnost přesného načasování uvolnění léčivé látky v požadované lokaci gastrointestinálního traktu, sběr biometrických dat, či nezpochybnitelný průkaz adherence pacienta k terapii. V současné době je možné pozorovat vývoj oboru do dvou hlavních směrů. Tím prvním je využití těchto systémů ve spojení s řízeným uvolňováním při absorpčních a obecně farmakokinetických studiích nových látek. Druhým směrem je pak digitální monitoring adherence k léčbě. Tento stručný přehled pojednává krátce o historii problematiky, přináší informace o obou zmíněných odvětvích a zmiňuje zásadní zástupce obou skupin a jejich využití.
Delivery systems with an electronic element can be classified as one of the last few decades' most modern and innovative pharmaceutical systems. Incorporating an electronic/digital element offers several advantages, such as the possibility of the precise timing of the drug released in the desired location of the gastrointestinal tract, collection of biometric data, or indisputable proof of the patient's adherence to therapy. Currently, it is possible to observe the development of the field in two main directions. The first one is using these systems in conjunction with the controlled release principle in absorption and general pharmacokinetic studies of new substances. The second direction is digital monitoring of therapy adherence. This brief overview briefly mentions the field's history, brings information about the two main branches, and states the essential systems of both branches and their use.
Ensuring the correct identification of the patient is key to matching the correct patients with the proper care (e.g. correct administration of medications and treatments), but it is also applied, for example, to monitoring the patient's movement in the hospital environment. This scoping review aims to find out what technologies based on unique patient identifiers are used to identify patients in healthcare facilities to increase patient safety and to identify future research trends. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were used, and the search focused on Web of Science and Scopus citation databases from 2000 to February 2024. Thirty-two papers dealing with patient identification methods from the point of view of person identification were found. The solutions found were built on the technologies (linear or 2D) of barcodes, RFID and NFC tags. None of the patient identification solutions found offer complete accuracy due to the human factor, and each solution targets a different problem context associated with a particular type of health facility. Future research can focus on the combination of multiple technologies, including biometric methods, to improve identification and tools to support decisions about the use of technology in a particular context and health facility (e.g. hospitals, medical nursing homes).
- MeSH
- bezpečnost pacientů MeSH
- identifikace na rádiové frekvenci - prostředky MeSH
- identifikační systémy pacientů * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
In today's biometric and commercial settings, state-of-the-art image processing relies solely on artificial intelligence and machine learning which provides a high level of accuracy. However, these principles are deeply rooted in abstract, complex "black-box systems". When applied to forensic image identification, concerns about transparency and accountability emerge. This study explores the impact of two challenging factors in automated facial identification: facial expressions and head poses. The sample comprised 3D faces with nine prototype expressions, collected from 41 participants (13 males, 28 females) of European descent aged 19.96 to 50.89 years. Pre-processing involved converting 3D models to 2D color images (256 × 256 px). Probes included a set of 9 images per individual with head poses varying by 5° in both left-to-right (yaw) and up-and-down (pitch) directions for neutral expressions. A second set of 3,610 images per individual covered viewpoints in 5° increments from -45° to 45° for head movements and different facial expressions, forming the targets. Pair-wise comparisons using ArcFace, a state-of-the-art face identification algorithm yielded 54,615,690 dissimilarity scores. Results indicate that minor head deviations in probes have minimal impact. However, the performance diminished as targets deviated from the frontal position. Right-to-left movements were less influential than up and down, with downward pitch showing less impact than upward movements. The lowest accuracy was for upward pitch at 45°. Dissimilarity scores were consistently higher for males than for females across all studied factors. The performance particularly diverged in upward movements, starting at 15°. Among tested facial expressions, happiness and contempt performed best, while disgust exhibited the lowest AUC values.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- automatizované rozpoznávání obličeje * metody MeSH
- biometrická identifikace metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hlava - pohyby fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obličej anatomie a histologie MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- výraz obličeje * MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ciel: Cieľom tejto práce je porovnať výsledky predoperačných biometrických dát meraných na optických biometroch rozdielnej generácie u pacientov s kataraktou. Optická biometria Lenstar je založená na princípe optickej nízko-koherentnej reflektometrie (OLCR) a Anterion na swept-source optickej koherentnej tomografii (SS-OCT). Materiál a metodika: Do prospektívneho sledovania vo Fakultnej nemocnici v Trenčíne bolo v období od júna 2023 do januára 2024 zaradených 200 očí (103 pacientov). Porovnávali sme výsledky 6 parametrov: axiálna dĺžka (AL), priemerná keratometria (K), hrúbka šošovky (LT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), astigmatizmus (AST) a hodnota vymeranej vnútroočnej šošovky (IOL). Výsledky boli štatisticky spracované. Výsledky: Hodnoty parametrov AL, AST a IOL boli medzi biometrami Lenstar a Anterion zhodné, bez štatisticky významného rozdielu (p = 0,593; p = 0,089; p = 0,069). Hodnoty K, LT, WTW vykazovali štatisticky významné rozdiely (p < 0,001). Analýzou Bland-Altman grafov bola potvrdená dobrá zhoda medzi parametrami pri limite zhody 95 %. Záver: Meranie biometrických dát pomocou SS-OCT Anterion je spoľahlivé, rýchle a výsledky sú porovnateľné s výsledkami merania na Lenstar. Hodnoty AL, AST, odhadovaná IOL boli medzi biometrami zhodné. Napriek rozdielom v meraniach parametrov LT, WTW a K bola hodnota výslednej IOL rovnaká. Okrem biometrických dát Anterion poskytuje komplexné tomografické vyšetrenie rohovky a OCT sken predného segmentu
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the results of preoperative biometric data measured with optical biometers of different generations in patients with cataract. Lenstar optical biometry is based on the principle of optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), and Anterion on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Material and methods: A total of 200 eyes (103 patients) were included in a prospective study at the Faculty Hospital in Trenčín the period from June 2023 to January 2024. We compared the results of 6 parameters: axial length (AL), mean keratometry (K), lens thickness (LT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), astigmatism (AST), and intraocular lens (IOL) power. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: The values of AL, AST, and IOL parameters between the Lenstar and Anterion biometers were consistent, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.593; p = 0.089; p = 0.069). The values of K, LT, and WTW showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). A Bland-Altman plot analysis confirmed good concordance between the parameters within a 95% limit of agreement. Conclusion: Biometric data measurement using SS-OCT Anterion is reliable, quick, and the results are comparable to those obtained with Lenstar. The AL, AST, and estimated IOL values were consistent between the biometers. Despite differences in the measurements of LT, WTW, and K parameters, the final IOL value was the same. In addition to biometric data, Anterion provides comprehensive tomographic examination of the cornea and OCT scanning of the anterior segment.
Ciel: Cieľom tejto práce je porovnať výsledky predoperačných biometrických dát meraných na optických biometroch rozdielnej generácie u pacientov s kataraktou. Optická biometria Lenstar je založená na princípe optickej nízko-koherentnej reflektometrie (OLCR) a Anterion na swept-source optickej koherentnej tomografii (SS-OCT). Materiál a metodika: Do prospektívneho sledovania vo Fakultnej nemocnici v Trenčíne bolo v období od júna 2023 do januára 2024 zaradených 200 očí (103 pacientov). Porovnávali sme výsledky 6 parametrov: axiálna dĺžka (AL), priemerná keratometria (K), hrúbka šošovky (LT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), astigmatizmus (AST) a hodnota vymeranej vnútroočnej šošovky (IOL). Výsledky boli štatisticky spracované. Výsledky: Hodnoty parametrov AL, AST a IOL boli medzi biometrami Lenstar a Anterion zhodné, bez štatisticky významného rozdielu (p = 0,593; p = 0,089; p = 0,069). Hodnoty K, LT, WTW vykazovali štatisticky významné rozdiely (p < 0,001). Analýzou Bland-Altman grafov bola potvrdená dobrá zhoda medzi parametrami pri limite zhody 95 %. Záver: Meranie biometrických dát pomocou SS-OCT Anterion je spoľahlivé, rýchle a výsledky sú porovnateľné s výsledkami merania na Lenstar. Hodnoty AL, AST, odhadovaná IOL boli medzi biometrami zhodné. Napriek rozdielom v meraniach parametrov LT, WTW a K bola hodnota výslednej IOL rovnaká. Okrem biometrických dát Anterion poskytuje komplexné tomografické vyšetrenie rohovky a OCT sken predného segmentu
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the results of preoperative biometric data measured with optical biometers of different generations in patients with cataract. Lenstar optical biometry is based on the principle of optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), and Anterion on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Material and methods: A total of 200 eyes (103 patients) were included in a prospective study at the Faculty Hospital in Trenčín the period from June 2023 to January 2024. We compared the results of 6 parameters: axial length (AL), mean keratometry (K), lens thickness (LT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), astigmatism (AST), and intraocular lens (IOL) power. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: The values of AL, AST, and IOL parameters between the Lenstar and Anterion biometers were consistent, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.593; p = 0.089; p = 0.069). The values of K, LT, and WTW showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). A Bland-Altman plot analysis confirmed good concordance between the parameters within a 95% limit of agreement. Conclusion: Biometric data measurement using SS-OCT Anterion is reliable, quick, and the results are comparable to those obtained with Lenstar. The AL, AST, and estimated IOL values were consistent between the biometers. Despite differences in the measurements of LT, WTW, and K parameters, the final IOL value was the same. In addition to biometric data, Anterion provides comprehensive tomographic examination of the cornea and OCT scanning of the anterior segment.
Malnutrice je častým jevem u pokročilého chronického jaterního onemocnění negativně ovlivňující prognózu pacientů stran morbidity i mortality. Etiopatogeneze je multifaktoriální a zahrnuje nedostatečný příjem potravy, malabsorpci, alteraci metabolismu směrem ke katabolismu a zvýšený energetický výdej. V diagnostice se užívají pečlivý odběr anamnézy, fyzikální vyšetření, laboratorní odběry, základní biometrická měření, funkční svalové testy a stále častěji též CT vyšetření stanovující množství svalové hmoty. V terapii hrají roli dostatečný příjem základních živin, minerálů a mikronutrientů, kterého lze dostáhnout úpravou diety, perorálními nutričními suplementy či sondovou enterální výživou. Ve vybraných případech může být nutná parenterální nutriční podpora. Cílem tohoto článku je shrnout současné poznatky o patogenezi malnutrice u populace pacientů s chronickým jaterním onemocněním a poskytnout přehled doporučených metod diagnostiky a léčby.
Malnutrition is common in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) negatively affecting both patient morbidity and mortality. Etiopathogenesis is multifactorial and includes insufficient food intake, malabsorption, metabolism alteration towards catabolism and increased energy expenditure. The diagnostic process involves conscientious history taking, basic biometric measurements, functional muscle tests, and with increasing significance also core muscle mass assessment using CT scan. Therapy consists of sufficient nutrients, minerals and micronutrients intake which can be achieved by increased oral intake or using enteral or parenteral nutrition. The aim of this article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy methods of malnutrition in the specific population of patients with chronic liver disease.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malabsorpční syndromy etiologie MeSH
- nemoci jater komplikace MeSH
- nemoci výživy a metabolismu diagnóza prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- nutriční podpora MeSH
- nutriční terapie MeSH
- podvýživa * diagnóza komplikace prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- poruchy metabolismu glukózy etiologie komplikace MeSH
- poruchy metabolismu lipidů diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- živiny metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Criteria for diagnosis of fetal growth restriction differ widely according to national and international guidelines, and further heterogeneity arises from the use of different biometric and Doppler reference charts, making the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction highly variable. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare fetal growth restriction definitions between Delphi consensus and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine definitions, using different standards/charts for fetal biometry and different reference ranges for Doppler velocimetry parameters. STUDY DESIGN: From the TRUFFLE 2 feasibility study (856 women with singleton pregnancy at 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation and at risk of fetal growth restriction), we selected 564 women with available mid-pregnancy biometry. For the comparison, we used standards/charts for estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference from Hadlock, INTERGROWTH-21st, and GROW and Chitty. Percentiles for umbilical artery pulsatility index and its ratios with middle cerebral artery pulsatility index were calculated using Arduini and Ebbing reference charts. Sensitivity and specificity for low birthweight and adverse perinatal outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Different combinations of definitions and reference charts identified substantially different proportions of fetuses within our population as having fetal growth restriction, varying from 38% (with Delphi consensus definition, INTERGROWTH-21st biometric standards, and Arduini Doppler reference ranges) to 93% (with Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine definition and Hadlock biometric standards). None of the different combinations tested appeared effective, with relative risk for birthweight <10th percentile between 1.4 and 2.1. Birthweight <10th percentile was observed most frequently when selection was made with the GROW/Chitty charts, slightly less with the Hadlock standard, and least frequently with the INTERGROWTH-21st standard. Using the Ebbing Doppler reference ranges resulted in a far higher proportion identified as having fetal growth restriction compared with the Arduini Doppler reference ranges, whereas Delphi consensus definition with Ebbing Doppler reference ranges produced similar results to those of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine definition. Application of Delphi consensus definition with Arduini Doppler reference ranges was significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcome, with any biometric standards/charts. The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine definition could not accurately detect adverse perinatal outcome irrespective of estimated fetal weight standard/chart used. CONCLUSION: Different combinations of fetal growth restriction definitions, biometry standards/charts, and Doppler reference ranges identify different proportions of fetuses with fetal growth restriction. The difference in adverse perinatal outcome may be modest, but can have a significant impact in terms of rate of intervention.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure controlling the proper functioning of heart muscle. ECM remodeling with enhanced collagen deposition due to hemodynamic overload impairs cardiomyocyte adhesion and electrical coupling that contributes to cardiac mechanical dysfunction and arrhythmias. We aimed to explore ECM and connexin-43 (Cx43) signaling pathways in hemodynamically overloaded rat heart as well as the possible implication of angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)) to prevent/attenuate adverse myocardial remodeling. Male 8-week-old, normotensive Hannover Spraque-Dawley rats (HSD), hypertensive (mRen-2)27 transgenic rats (TGR) and Ang (1-7) transgenic rats (TGR(A1-7)3292) underwent aortocaval fistula (ACF) to produce volume overload. Five weeks later, biometric and heart tissue analyses were performed. Cardiac hypertrophy in response to volume overload was significantly less pronounced in TGR(A1-7)3292 compared to HSD rats. Moreover, a marker of fibrosis hydroxyproline was increased in both ventricles of volume-overloaded TGR while it was reduced in the Ang (1-7) right heart ventricle. The protein level and activity of MMP-2 were reduced in both ventricles of volume-overloaded TGR/TGR(A1-7)3292 compared to HSD. SMAD2/3 protein levels were decreased in the right ventricle of TGR(A1-7)3292 compared to HSD/TGR in response to volume overload. In parallel, Cx43 and pCx43 implicated in electrical coupling were increased in TGR(A1-7)3292 versus HSD/TGR. It can be concluded that Ang (1-7) exhibits cardio-protective and anti-fibrotic potential in conditions of cardiac volume overload.
