Výskum črevného mikrobiómu zaznamenal v poslednej dekáde vzostup záujmu v mnohých odvetviach medicíny. Naším hlavným cieľom je poukázať na schopnosť mikróbov širokospektrálne ovplyvniť funkcie ľudského organizmu, najmä imunitného systému, a naopak, objasniť zmeny zloženia črevného mikrobiómu v potransplantačnom období a ich funkciu na dlhodobé prežívanie štepu a pacienta v kontexte výskytu širokého spektra komplikácií. Transplantácia obličky s následným užívaním imunosupresív a antibiotík (ATB) do značnej miery ovplyvňuje kompozíciu črevného mikrobiómu. Následný vznik dysbiózy signifikantne zvyšuje riziko rozvoja akútnej rejekcie, intersticiálnej fibrózy a tubulárnej atrofie štepu (IF/TA – interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy), potransplantačnej hnačky, orgánových infekcií a metabolických komplikácií ako je potransplantačný diabetes mellitus. Dôležitý je tiež vplyv mikroorganizmov črevného mikrobiómu na metabolizmus imunosupresív s produkciou menej efektívnych komponentov, a následnou nutnosťou modifikácie ich hladín s vyšším rizikom poddávkovania a vzniku rejekcie štepu. Podpora zloženia črevného mikrobiómu v potransplantačnom období v prospech baktérií produkujúcich mastné kyseli‐ ny s krátkym reťazcom (SCFA – short chain fatty acids) je možná zmenou zloženia stravy s prevahou vlákniny, aplikáciou probiotík, prebiotík. Podľa dostupných štúdií môže viesť k benefitom v zmysle metabolickej kompenzácie, navodeniu donor‐špecifickej tolerancie a množstvo iných, s celkovým zlepšením kvality prežívania pacienta a štepu.

Gut microbiome research has been a surge of interest in many branches of medicine in the last decade. Our main aim is to show ability of microbes to infuence the functions of human body, especially in the immune system, and on the other hand to clarify changes in composition of gut microbiome in the post-transplantation period and their function for the long-term survival of the graft and the patient in the context of the occurrence of a wide range of complications. Kidney transplantation with the subsequent use of immunosuppressants and antibiotics affects the composition of gut microbiome. The subsequent development of dysbiosis significantly increases the risk of acute rejection, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy of the graft, post-transplant diarrhoea, organ ́s infections and metabolic complications such as post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Also important is the influence of the microorganisms of the gut microbiome on metabolism of immunosuppressants with the production of less effective components and the subsequent necessity of modifying their levels with a higher risk of underdosing and the occurrence of graft rejection. Support of the composition of the gut microbiome in the post-transplantation period in favor of bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) is possible by changing of diet with predominance of fiber, the application of probiotics, prebiotics. According to available studies, it can lead to benefits in term of metabolic compensation, to the induction of donor-specific tolerance and many others, with an overall improvement in the quality of patient and graft survival.

• MeSH
• dysbióza etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• imunosupresiva škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• Bacteroides genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• metody výživy klasifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiota * fyziologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• parenterální výživa úplná metody   normy   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   imunologie   fyziologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• syndrom dráždivého tračníku metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra MeSH
• střevní sliznice MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• gastroenterologie

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy * etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Črevný mikrobióm je prepojený s vývojom jednotlivých ochorení. U pacientov s kongestívnym srdcovým zlyhávaním (SZ) sa vyvíja edém črevnej steny pre venóznu kongesciu, ktorá narúša absorpčnú funkciu a povoľuje bakteriálne prerastanie. Následne patogénne baktérie produkujú mnoho škodlivých substancií vrátane trimetylamín-N-oxidu (TMAO) a endotoxínu (LPS - lipopolysacharid), ktoré vedú k zhoršeniu SZ. Tieto objavy viedli k hypotéze o osi srdce-črevá pri SZ. Vysoké hladiny TMAO prítomné u pacientov so SZ predisponujú k vyššej dlhodobej mortalite, dokonca aj po korelácii s tradičnými rizikovými faktormi a kardiorenálnymi indexami. Väčšina LPS je generovaná črevným mikrobiómom, pričom osteogénna odpoveď pri aortálnej stenóze na LPS stimuláciu intersticiálnych chlopňových buniek je úzko prepojená so zápalom a imunitou. Koncentrácia výskumu na črevný mikrobióm môže poskytnúť nové náhľady pri skúmaní nových terapeutických cieľov srdcového zlyhávania a aortálnej stenózy.

The gut microbiome is linked to the development of individual diseases. Patients with congestive heart failure (HF) develop intestinal wall edema due to venous congestion, which impairs absorption function and allows bacterial overgrowth. Consequently, the pathogenous bacterial strains produce many harmful substances, including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and endotoxin (LPS - lipopolysaccharide), which lead to deterioration of HF. These discoveries led to hypothesis about the heart-bowel axis. High levels of TMAO present in patients with HF predispose to higher long-term mortality, even after correlation with traditional risk factors and cardiorenal indices. Most LPS is generated by the intestinal microbiome, and the osteogenic response in aortic stenosis to LPS stimulation of valve interstitial cells (VIC) is closely linked to inflammation and immunity. Thus, the concentration of intestinal microbiome research may provide new insights into the investigation of new therapeutic targets for HF and aortic stenosis.

• MeSH
• aortální stenóza * komplikace   MeSH
• edém při onemocnění srdce MeSH
• hyperemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• srdeční selhání * MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• aterosklerotický plát chemie   MeSH
• ateroskleróza etiologie   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci dietoterapie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * dietoterapie   MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• dysbióza komplikace   MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• imunizace metody   MeSH
• imunoterapie metody   MeSH
• komplementární terapie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota * fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• nádory * imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Animal models are essential in understanding of the mechanisms of sepsis moreover the development and the assessment of emerging therapies. In clinically relevant porcine model, however, a significant variability in the host response has been observed among animals. Thus, there is a strong demand to better understand the potential sources of this heterogeneity. In this study, we compared faecal microbiome composition of 12 animals. Three samples were collected at different time points from each animal. Bacteriome was subjected to 16S rDNA profiling. A significant difference in bacterial composition was associated with the season (p < 0.001) but not with the sex of the pig (p = 0.28), the timing of sample collection (p = 0.59), or interactions thereof (all p > 0.3). The season batch explained 55% of the total variance in the bacteriome diversity. The season term was highly significant from the high-resolution level of the bacterial amplicon sequencing variants up to the level of phylum. The diversity of the microbiome composition could significantly influence experimental model of sepsis, and studies are warranted to demonstrate the effects of gut microbiome diversity on the host-response. If confirmed, control of the gut microbiome should become a standard part of the pre-clinical sepsis experiments.

• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   MeSH
• peritonitida * MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sepse * MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The microbiome alterations are associated with cancer growth and may influence the immune system and response to therapy. Particularly, the gut microbiome has been recently shown to modulate response to melanoma immunotherapy. However, the role of the skin microbiome has not been well explored in the skin tumour microenvironment and the link between the gut microbiome and skin microbiome has not been investigated in melanoma progression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine associations between dysbiosis in the skin and gut microbiome and the melanoma growth using MeLiM porcine model of melanoma progression and spontaneous regression. RESULTS: Parallel analysis of cutaneous microbiota and faecal microbiota of the same individuals was performed in 8 to 12 weeks old MeLiM piglets. The bacterial composition of samples was analysed by high throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. A significant difference in microbiome diversity and richness between melanoma tissue and healthy skin and between the faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets and control piglets were observed. Both Principal Coordinate Analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed dissimilarities between different bacterial communities. Linear discriminant analysis effect size at the genus level determined different potential biomarkers in multiple bacterial communities. Lactobacillus, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 were the most discriminately higher genera in the healthy skin microbiome, while Fusobacterium, Trueperella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacteroides were discriminately abundant in melanoma tissue microbiome. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella were associated with the faecal microbiota of MeLiM piglets. Potential functional pathways analysis based on the KEGG database indicated significant differences in the predicted profile metabolisms between the healthy skin microbiome and melanoma tissue microbiome. The faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets was enriched by genes related to membrane transports pathways allowing for the increase of intestinal permeability and alteration of the intestinal mucosal barrier. CONCLUSION: The associations between melanoma progression and dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as dysbiosis in the gut microbiome were identified. Results provide promising information for further studies on the local skin and gut microbiome involvement in melanoma progression and may support the development of new therapeutic approaches.

• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   MeSH
• dysbióza mikrobiologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Fusobacterium MeSH
• melanom * MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Acne is a frequently presented dermatological condition brought about by an interplay among inflammation, increased sebum production, hyperkeratinisation, and predominantly Propionibacterium acnes (renamed as Cutibacterium acnes) proliferation, leading to debilitating psychological scars. However, it has been shown that it is the loss of microbial diversity in the skin and the imbalance among C. acnes phylotypes that brings about acne rather than the C. acnes species as a whole. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that other microorganisms may be implicated, such as the fungi Malassezia and the bacteria Cutibacterium granulosum. A plethora of scientific evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is implicated in the overall health and physiology of the host; studies show that the gut microbiome of acne patients is distinct and depicts less microbial diversity compared to individuals without acne. Herein, using the key terms: acne, C. acnes, IGF-1, sebum, and gut microbiome, we carried out a review of the literature, using Google Scholar and PubMed, and discussed the role of the gut and skin microbiome in relation to acne, as a narrative review. The role of hormones, diet, sebum, and stress in relation to the gut microbiome was also investigated. Therapeutic implications and the use of pre-/postbiotics are also deliberated upon. In this light, future research should investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the agreed upon factors of acne pathology, potentially leading to the discovery of novel acne treatments with milder side effects.

• MeSH
• acne vulgaris * farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kůže mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• Propionibacterium acnes fyziologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH