V tomto článku autoři seznamují čtenáře se zajímavou kazuistikou pacienta, horníka pracujícího 18 let v hornictví, dispenzarizovaného na Klinice pracovního lékařství Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň pro dvě nemoci z povolání – pneumokonióza uhlokopa prostá byla hlášená jako nemoc z povolání v roce 1993 a onemocnění kloubů a nervů z vibrací bylo hlášeno o rok později. Pacient se od roku 2015 nedostavoval k našim pravidelným kontrolám podle dispenzárního řádu. K vyšetření se dostavil až v září 2023, kdy bylo zjištěno, že se od roku 2020 léčí pro karcinom plic. V článku je shrnuta etiopatogeneze a diagnostika pneumokonióz, problematika kritérií pro uznávání těchto nemocí z povolání, počet nově hlášených nemoci z povolání v souvislosti s hornictvím, problematika v souvislosti s prací při těžbě v černouhelných dolech a expozice oxidu křemičitého (SiO2). Krátce je zde přiblížena historie hornické činnosti v okolí Plzně, konkrétně z oblasti výkonu práce našeho pacienta před ukončením práce v dolech.
In this article, the authors introduce the reader to an interesting patient case report of a patient, a miner who worked in mining for 18 years, who was treated at our Occupational Medicine Clinic of the Pilsen University Hospital for two occupational diseases – pneumoconiosis in a miner was reported as an occupational disease in 1993 and vibration joint and nerve disease was reported a year later. Since 2015, the patient has not attended our regular check-ups according to dispensary regulations. He did not come for an examination until September 2023, when it was discovered that he was being treated for lung cancer from 2020. The article summarizes the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of pneumoconioses, the issue of criteria for the recognition of these occupational diseases, the number of newly reported occupational diseases in connection with mining, issues related to work in coal mines and exposure to silicon dioxide (SiO2). The history of mining activity in the vicinity of Pilsen is briefly explained here, specifically from the area of our patient‘s work performance before ending his work in the mines.
- MeSH
- Anthracosis diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Miners * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lung Neoplasms diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Joint Diseases diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Occupational Diseases * diagnosis MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide toxicity MeSH
- Occupational Exposure MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
BACKGROUND: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. FINDINGS: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6-4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4-499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4-225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9-3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1-309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. INTERPRETATION: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System MeSH
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic diagnostic imaging epidemiology drug therapy MeSH
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis diagnostic imaging drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial * diagnostic imaging epidemiology drug therapy classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary diagnostic imaging drug therapy MeSH
- Pneumoconiosis diagnostic imaging epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Vasculitis diagnosis drug therapy pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Coal miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP, J60 according to ICD-10) were previously found to have a significantly higher risk of lung carcinoma compared to the general male population. The presented study aimed to analyze the (i) incidence of lung carcinoma in miners, (ii) histopathological findings in cohorts with and without CWP, and (iii) effect of smoking cessation on the histopathological profile. Analyzed cohorts consisted of miners with (n = 3476) and without (n = 6687) CWP. Data on personal and working history obtained from the medical records were combined with information on lung cancer from the Czech Oncological Register and histopathological findings. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests and the incidence risk ratio at the significance level of 5%. In 1992-2015, 180 miners (2.7%) without CWP and 169 (4.9%) with CWP, respectively, were diagnosed with lung carcinoma. The risk of lung cancer in miners with CWP was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.48-2.25) times higher than in those without CWP. Squamous cell carcinoma (37%) was the most common histopathological type, followed by adenocarcinoma (22%) and small cell carcinoma (21%). A statistically significant difference between the cohorts (p = 0.003) was found in the histopathological subtypes, with the incidence of small cell carcinoma being 2 times higher in miners without CWP than in those with CWP. Only a few individuals with lung carcinoma were non-smokers. The incidence of small cell carcinoma, which is strongly associated with smoking, is significantly higher in miners without CWP. Smoking constitutes the most important risk factor for developing lung carcinoma even in that cohort. However, CWP remains a very important risk factor.
- MeSH
- Anthracosis * epidemiology MeSH
- Carcinoma * MeSH
- Smoking epidemiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lung Neoplasms * epidemiology MeSH
- Lung MeSH
- Pneumoconiosis * epidemiology MeSH
- Coal Mining * MeSH
- Coal MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
... INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES (ILDS) 261 -- 19.1 Exogenous Allergic Alveolitis (EAA) 271 -- 19.2 Pneumoconiosis ...
394 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- Pulmonary Medicine MeSH
- Conspectus
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- pneumologie a ftizeologie
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
- kolektivní monografie
- MeSH
- Asthma etiology prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive prevention & control MeSH
- Environmental Health MeSH
- Smoking adverse effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lung Neoplasms prevention & control MeSH
- Pneumoconiosis prevention & control MeSH
- Pulmonary Medicine * MeSH
- Pneumonia prevention & control MeSH
- Primary Prevention MeSH
- Secondary Prevention MeSH
- Tuberculosis prevention & control MeSH
- Air Pollution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
... and Obstructive Airway Disease -- Q Case 88: Mixed Disorder: Obstructive Airway Disease, Talc Pneumoconiosis ...
Sixth edition xiv, 586 stran : ilustrace ; 28 cm
... Syndrome, 52 Diffuse Lung Disease, 53 -- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 53 Sarcoidosis, 56 Pneumoconiosis ...
Seventh edition xii, 465 stran : ilustrace ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- Radiography methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Monograph MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
- patologie
- MeSH
- Medical History Taking MeSH
- Biopsy methods MeSH
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage methods MeSH
- Churg-Strauss Syndrome diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Diagnostic Imaging classification MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis diagnosis drug therapy pathology MeSH
- Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted methods MeSH
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic diagnosis MeSH
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis diagnosis drug therapy therapy MeSH
- Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias classification MeSH
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial * diagnosis etiology drug therapy classification physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pneumoconiosis etiology classification MeSH
- Radiography, Thoracic MeSH
- Sarcoidosis diagnosis drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Severity of Illness Index MeSH
- Vasculitis diagnosis drug therapy classification pathology MeSH
- Rare Diseases diagnosis drug therapy pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Kazuistika popisuje případ muže, u kterého došlo k respiračnímu selhání po řezání kovů oxy-acetylénem ve špatně větraném prostoru. Jakákoliv inhalovaná noxa může způsobit životohrožující akutní stav, postihující buď přímo plíce – syndrom akutní dechové tísně (acuterespiratory distress syndrome, ARDS), nebo jiné systémy, podílející se na respiraci, např.otravy oxidem uhelnatým (CO), který se váže se na hemoproteiny a blokuje jejich funkci(hemoglobin v krvi), nebo kyanidy, které blokují buněčné dýchání vazbou na Fe3+v cyto-chromoxidáze v mitochondriích. Možné je i chronické postižení respiračního systému(obliterující bronchiolitida, plicní fibróza). Inhalace některých látek může rozvinout one-mocnění s imunogenním podkladem – bronchiální astma, hypersenzitivní pneumonitida.Dlouhodobá expozice některým látkám bývá spojována s pneumokoniózami, rakovinou plicči maligním mezoteliomem.
The case report describes a male patient with respiratory failure caused by oxy-acetylenemetal cutting in a poorly ventilated space. Any inhaled noxa can cause a life-threatening acutestate affecting either lungs – acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or other systemscontributing to respiration. For example, poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO) which bindsto haemoproteins and blocks their function (Hb in blood), or poisoning by cyanides whichbind to Fe3+in cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria and block cellular respiration. Also pos-sible is chronic impairment of the respiratory system (obliterative bronchiolitis, pulmonaryfibrosis). Inhalation of some substances may develop immunogenic disease – bronchialasthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Long-term exposure to those substances is often con-nected to pneumoconiosis, lung cancer or malignant mesothelioma.
