Pavlik, Ales*
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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Outpatient treatment of hip dysplasia in newborns has excellent results. A combination of general screening with early treatment with a functional abduction device works well. Treatment with the Frejka pillow and the Pavlik harness is frequently used in our region. The aim of the study is to compare efficiency and treatment duration, related to the brace used, and to prove that the choice of an abduction device implies parental compliance with the treatment protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 286 treated children were analyzed. The diagnosis was made in the first weeks of life by clinical and sonographic examinations during general screening. The choice of treatment device was expert dependent and was involved by many variables. The experience, type of clinical finding and sonographic pathology according to Graf, availability of a treating facility, and the potential cooperation of individual parents were major parameters. The Frejka pillow was used to treat 145 children and the Pavlik harness was used in 137 children. The treatment duration and percentage of infants lost from follow-up in relation to the device used was documented. RESULTS: The success rate of outpatient treatment was 98.6%. In six patients, the type of device had to be changed during the treatment period. Physiological sonographic findings were achieved in all hips by the end of the treatment. The Frejka pillow was used as the preferred device in milder stable dysplastic hips, while unstable and decentered hips were treated more frequently with the Pavlik harness. Treatment lasted, on average, 95 days and 119 days in the Frejka and in the Pavlik group, respectively; there was no statistical significance in treatment duration of comparable sonographic pathologies. We observed statistically greater parental non-compliance with the treatment protocol in the Pavlik harness group (p = 0.0279; OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.07; 8.5). CONCLUSIONS: Neither of the abduction devices was inferior with regard to treatment efficiency. We found that parental cooperation was an important factor during screening and treatment. The treatment decision and the choice of the brace must be made with full consent of the parents, keeping in mind that comfort during the nursing care may have a significant influence on compliance with the treatment protocol.
The article deals with the importance and advantages of the amaranth plant - a genus of herbs of the family Amarantaceae. Amaranth, highly nutritional pseudocereal and traditional american crop has good food potential value. Amaranth grain doesn't contain gluten. The high content of quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids is one of its advantages. It is also a carrier of a very valuable fibre and good source of squalene.
- MeSH
- amarant chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční hodnota * MeSH
- podpora zdraví * MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from clinical specimens has become very common in recent years. Such organisms are typically environmental and occasionally pathogenic for humans and animals. Standard diagnosis of mycobacterial infections relies on direct examination and culture. However, molecular tools are now available which allow quicker and more accurate diagnosis. Detection of NTM can be performed directly from clinical samples, although identification is mostly carried out after isolation. Sequencing of genomic targets (such as 16S rRNA, ITS, rpoB or hsp65) allows accurate and rapid identification, but has some technical limitations. A brief summary of the molecular methods available for NTM identification and a discussion of the problems associated with the use of sequencing analysis together with a description of available algorithms for NTM identification are the major objectives of this review.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- bakteriální RNA analýza genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza genetika MeSH
- genom bakteriální MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykobakteriózy diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
On 1 May 2004, 10 new States joined the European Union, including Cyprus (CY), the Czech Republic (CR), Estonia (ES), Hungary (HU), Latvia (LA), Lithuania (LI), Malta (MA), Poland (PO), Slovakia (SK), and Slovenia (SN). Using OIE and published data, this paper summarises the status of bovine and human tuberculosis in animals in these countries between 1996 and 2003. National control programmes against bovine tuberculosis in cattle have been successful: the current herd incidence of this disease in cattle is currently lower than 0.2%, so all countries meet the OIE requirements for freedom from the disease. Furthermore, two countries have already been officially declared bovine tuberculosis-free EU States: the CR on 31 March 2004 (European Commission Decision No. 2004/320/EC) and SK on 4 March 2005 (Commission Decision No. 2005/179/EC). The last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in cattle in CY (1928), ES (1986), LA (1989), SK (1993), CR (1995), and MA (2001). However, several issues of concern remain including the potential existence of a wildlife reservoir, the presence of Mycobacterium bovis, M. caprae, and other members of the M. tuberculosis complex (particularly M. tuberculosis or M. microti) in imported domestic or wild animals, and the potential for delayed detection of bovine tuberculosis in those States where annual tuberculin testing is no longer performed on cattle older than 24 months.
- MeSH
- chov zvířat trendy MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kontrola infekčních nemocí trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mycobacterium bovis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- psi MeSH
- savci mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- tuberkulóza skotu epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- tuberkulóza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- psi MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- pobaltské republiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Different approaches are used for determining the number of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) cells in a suspension. The majority of them are based upon culture (determination of CFU) or visual/instrumental direct counting of MAP cells. In this study, we have compared the culture method with a previously published F57 based quantitative real-time PCR (F57qPCR) method, to determine their relative abilities to count the number of three different MAP isolates in suspensions with the same optical densities (OD). McFarland turbidity standards were also compared with F57qPCR and culture, due to its frequent inclusion and use in MAP studies. FINDINGS: The numbers of MAP in two-fold serial dilutions of isolates with respective OD measurements were determined by F57qPCR and culture. It was found that culture provided lower MAP CFU counts by approximately two log10, compared to F57qPCR. The McFarland standards (as defined for E. coli) showed an almost perfect fit with the enumeration of MAP performed by F57qPCR. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended to use culture and/or qPCR estimations of MAP numbers in experiments where all subsequent counts are performed using the same method. It is certainly not recommended the use of culture as the standard for qPCR experiments and vice versa.
- MeSH
- bakteriální nálož metody MeSH
- denzitometrie MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- Escherichia coli cytologie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cytologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In this study, products from all steps of anaerobic digestion at a farm-scale biogas plant supplied with manure from paratuberculosis-affected dairy cattle were examined and quantified for the presence of the causal agent of paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, using culture and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells were detected using culture in fermentors for up to 2 months; the presence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA (10(1) cells/g) was demonstrated in all anaerobic fermentors and digestate 16 months after initiation of work at a biogas plant, using IS900 qPCR. F57 qPCR was able to detect M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA (10(2) cells/g) at up to 12 months. According to these results, a fermentation process that extended beyond 2 months removed all viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells and therefore rendered its product M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis free. However, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA was found during all the examined periods (more than 1 year), which could be explained by either residual DNA being released from dead cells or by the presence of viable cells whose amount was under the limit of cultivability. As the latter hypothesis cannot be excluded, the safety of the final products of digestion used for fertilization or animal bedding cannot be defined, and further investigation is necessary to confirm or refute this risk.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- bakteriální nálož metody MeSH
- biopaliva MeSH
- bioreaktory mikrobiologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hnůj mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- skot MeSH
- transpozibilní elementy DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
