• MeSH
• dějiny MeSH
• fobie dějiny   diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurotické poruchy diagnóza   MeSH
• psychologický odstup MeSH
• psychopatologie MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Alterations in complex behavioral patterns during the extended period of the COVID-19 pandemic are predicted to promote a variety of psychiatric disease symptoms due to enforced social isolation and self-quarantine. Accordingly, multifaceted mental health problems will continue to increase, thereby creating a challenge for society and the health care system in general. Recent studies show that COVID-19 can directly or indirectly influence the central nervous system, potentially causing neurological pathologies such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. Thus, chronic COVID-19-related disease processes have the potential to cause serious mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Importantly, mental health problems can foster systemic changes in functionally-linked neuroendocrine conditions that heighten a person's susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. These altered defense mechanisms may include compromised "self-control" and "self-care", as well as a "lack of insight" into the danger posed by the virus. These consequences may have serious social impacts on the future of COVID-19 survivors. Compounding the functionally related issues of altered mental health parameters and viral susceptibility are the potential effects of compromised immunity on the establishment of functional herd immunity. Within this context, mental health takes on added importance, particularly in terms of the need to increase support for mental health research and community-based initiatives. Thus, COVID-19 infections continue to reveal mental health targets, a process we must now be prepared to deal with.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 komplikace   epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• deprese epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• fyzický odstup MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci psychologie   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• péče o sebe psychologie   MeSH
• přežívající psychologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 patogenita   MeSH
• sebekontrola psychologie   MeSH
• sociální izolace psychologie   MeSH
• úzkost epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Social capital is an integral part of group dynamism and individual fulfilment as members of the human society. There is now increasing evidence as to the role played by social factors in the contribution to genesis and manifestations of mental health in modern society. This paper focuses on the importance of social capital in the socio-psychological and economic wellbeing of Nigerians. The paper specifically explores and examines the nexus between the social capital base of the individuals in the society and the levels of the incidences of mental/health problems in Nigeria. The paper examines the correlates with the size and complexity of an individual’s social network, the spatial distance between an individual and the social world. Many Nigerians today are going through mental trauma occasioned by the harsh economic realities and breakdown of socio-cultural fabrics of the society and these have a far reaching impact on the mental health of Nigerians. The policy implication of this situation is discussed at the end of the paper.

• MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální hodnoty * MeSH
• sociální kapitál * MeSH
• sociální sítě MeSH
• společenské stigma * MeSH
• srovnání kultur * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nigérie MeSH

Sociálne siete sa stali neoddeliteľnou súčasťou života našej spoločnosti. Prostredie sociálnych sietí zahlcujú obsahom vo významnej miere ľudia s narcistickými osobnostnými rysmi, čo vedie k pokrivenému obrazu skutočnosti. aj z tohto dôvodu sa sociálne siete stávajú významným psychosociálnym faktorom v patogenéze a priebehu afektívnych porúch. Prínos prác skúmajúcich dopad používania sociálnych sietí na duševné zdravie spočíva hlavne v objasnení mechanizmov a faktorov, ktoré vedú k ovplyvneniu pocitu psychickej pohody a depresívnych príznakov. Za hlavné mechanizmy sa považujú mechanizmus rozšírenia spoločenského kapitálu a mechanizmus spoločenského porovnávania, v poslednej dobe sa do popredia pri skúmaní sociálnych sietí dostáva aj takzvaný strach z premeškania (fear of missing out), ktorý je sám o sebe rizikovým faktorom pre problematické užívanie sociálnych sietí a taktiež pasívne používanie sociálnych sietí. Medzi kľúčové faktory patrí množstvo času stráveného na sociálnych sieťach a spôsob používania sociálnych sietí. Súčasný výskum poukazuje na negatívny vplyv pasívneho používania sociálnych sietí a pozitívny vplyv aktívneho používania sociálnych sietí vo vzťahu k depresívnym príznakom a subjektívnemu pocitu psychickej pohody. Výskum vplyvu sociálnych sietí na subjektívny pocit psychickej pohody významne ovplyvnila aj pandémia ochorenia COVID-19 s nutnosťou dodržiavať povinnú izoláciu a sociálny odstup. Významným výsledkom štúdii počas pandémie je poznatok, že aktívne používanie sociálnych sietí má pozitívny efekt na subjektívny pocit psychickej pohody len v prípade keď slúži ako doplnok a nie ako náhrada kontaktu tvárou v tvár v reálnom svete. Poznatky o faktoroch a mechanizmoch pôsobenia sociálnych sietí je možné sformulovať do podoby niekoľkých praktických odporúčaní, prezentovaných v ďalšom texte.

Social networks have become an integral part of our society. The social media environment is flooded with content presented by people with narcissistic personality traits, which leads to a distorted picture of reality. For this reason, social networks are becoming an important psychosocial factor in the pathogenesis and course of affective disorders. The main contribution of research on the impact of social networking on mental health is in elucidating the mechanisms and factors that influence psychological well-being and depressive symptoms. the main mechanisms are considered to be the mechanism of expansion of social capital and the mechanism of social comparison. Recently, the fear of missing out, which is a risk factor by itself and risk factor for problematic and passive social media use as well, has also come to the fore in network research. key factors include the amount of time spent on social networks and the way social networks are used. Current research points to the negative impact of passive use of social networks and the positive impact of active use of social networks in relation to depressive symptoms and psychological well-being. Research into the influence of social networks on the subjective well-being was also significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the need of isolation and social distance. An important result of the studies during the pandemic is the finding that the active use of social networks has a positive effect on the subjective well-being only if it serves as a supplement and not as a substitute for face-to-face contact in the real world. Knowledge of the factors and mechanisms of social networks impact on depressive symptoms and psychological well-being can be formulated in the form of several practical recommendations, presented in the following text.

• MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální sítě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• behaviorální terapie MeSH
• metody MeSH
• psychologie MeSH
• sociální práce MeSH
• sociologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

V poslední době se mění zaměření použití internetu zejména u dětí a mládeže. Původní myšlenka použít ve škole internet jako prostředek umožňující získat nejnovější informace z nejrůznějších oborů lidské činnosti, vytvořit výukové programy a dokonce celé výukové servery poskytující distanční opory pro celé ročníky základní školy se vytrácí. Stále častěji se stává, že mladí lidé začínají používat služeb specializovaných vyhledavačů umožňujících vytvářet sociální sítě a vstupují tak do zvláštních virtuálních vztahů a skupin, místo aby využívali internet pro své vzdělávání. Tato skutečnost je podle mého názoru zejména pro mladé lidi problematická, vede k odcizení skutečné reálné skupině spolužáků, u některých jedinců, nahrazuje skutečná přátelství (e-přátelství) s nejistým, a někdy i nebezpečným partnerem. Škola, učitelé ani rodiče nejsou na tuto změnu dostatečně připraveni. Rozpad soudržnosti třídy může vést ke zhoršení klimatu třídy.

The focus of use of the Internet has changed in recent times, particularly among children and young people. The previous core concept for employment of the Internet in schools, which is to say as a medium enabling the acquisition of the most up-to-date information in a wide variety of disciplines and fi elds, has been supplanted by a tendency toward the creation of teaching programmes and distant learning options and this evolution continues. For younger people it is more and more frequent that the primary purpose of the Internet is the use of social sites and search engines, which make it possible for them to dive into a whole new world of virtual relationships and special interest groups, rather than the focus being on broadening their educational horizons. This simple fact is, in my opinion, a potential issue in the social and emotional growth of young people, as it can lead to dissociative tendencies with regard to their physical fellow students around them, and the replacement of real relationships with the ephemera of e-friendship, the parameters and risks of which are frequently less than clear. The school, which is to say teachers and parents in this particular scenario, is often inadequately prepared for this change. The concurrent dissolution of social bonds within the class may well lead to a generally deteriorated atmosphere therein. This presentation endeavours to address in detail a number of issues arising from this situation.

• Klíčová slova
• Změny klimatu třídy v důsledku používání internetu, Atomizace třídního kolektivu,
• MeSH
• distanční studium metody   organizace a řízení   trendy   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• internet etika   trendy   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• školy * etika   organizace a řízení   trendy   MeSH
• sociální sítě * MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• výchova a vzdělávání etika   metody   trendy   MeSH
• vyhledávač využití   MeSH
• vyučování etika   metody   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

COVID-19 has had a profound negative effect on many aspects of human life. While pharmacological solutions are being developed and implemented, the onus of mitigating the impact of the virus falls, in part, on individual citizens and their adherence to public health guidelines. However, promoting adherence to these guidelines has proven challenging. There is a pressing need to understand the factors that influence people's adherence to these guidelines in order to improve public compliance. To this end, the current study investigated whether people's perceptions of others' adherence predict their own adherence. We also investigated whether any influence of perceived social norms was mediated by perceptions of the moral wrongness of non-adherence, anticipated shame for non-adherence, or perceptions of disease severity. One hundred fifty-two Australians participated in our study between June 6, 2020 and August 21, 2020. Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest that (1) people match their behavior to perceived social norms, and (2) this is driven, at least in part, by people using others' behavior as a cue to the severity of disease threat. Such findings provide insight into the proximate and ultimate bases of norm-following behavior, and shed preliminary light on public health-related behavior in the context of a pandemic. Although further research is needed, the results of this study-which suggest that people use others' behavior as a cue to how serious the pandemic is and as a guide for their own behavior-could have important implications for public health organizations, social movements, and political leaders and the role they play in the fight against epidemics and pandemics.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Olfaction plays an important role in human social communication, including multiple domains in which people often rely on their sense of smell in the social context. The importance of the sense of smell and its role can however vary inter-individually and culturally. Despite the growing body of literature on differences in olfactory performance or hedonic preferences across the globe, the aspects of a given culture as well as culturally universal individual differences affecting odor awareness in human social life remain unknown. Here, we conducted a large-scale analysis of data collected from 10 794 participants from 52 study sites from 44 countries all over the world. The aim of our research was to explore the potential individual and country-level correlates of odor awareness in the social context. The results show that the individual characteristics were more strongly related than country-level factors to self-reported odor awareness in different social contexts. A model including individual-level predictors (gender, age, material situation, education, and preferred social distance) provided a relatively good fit to the data, but adding country-level predictors (Human Development Index, population density, and average temperature) did not improve model parameters. Although there were some cross-cultural differences in social odor awareness, the main differentiating role was played by the individual differences. This suggests that people living in different cultures and different climate conditions may still share some similar patterns of odor awareness if they share other individual-level characteristics.

• MeSH
• čich fyziologie   MeSH
• čichová percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metakognice fyziologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odoranty MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální chování * MeSH
• sociální normy MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• distanční studium metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání metody   organizace a řízení   trendy   MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezioborová komunikace MeSH
• postižení psychologie   rehabilitace   výchova   MeSH
• sociální péče etika   psychologie   trendy   MeSH
• sociální přizpůsobení MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) relate to prejudicial attitudes. However, one of the aspects of prejudice is social distance; its association with personality traits was overlooked by previous studies. Therefore, this study examines the connection between the Big Five personality traits and social distance toward certain social groups. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: Participants from the general population were recruited through leaflets, the institutional webpage, Facebook, and through the project recruitment website and assessed via paper-and-pencil or online form. A total of 214 participants were included (of whom 68.2% were women and the mean age was 32.65, SD = 11.27, range 18-72) who completed the Bogardus Social Distance Scale and the 44-item Big Five Inventory questionnaire. RESULTS: The results showed a relationship between social distance, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Agreeableness seems to lower the social distance toward all studied groups. In comparison, openness to experience seems to lower the social distance towards groups that evoke more polarized attitudes in the majority (e.g., migrants). Furthermore, the influence of demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, and gender) is also significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that personality is significantly related to social distancing and expression of prejudicial attitudes. In particular, agreeableness and openness to experience have different effects on social distance and attitudes towards different groups. Further implications are discussed.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH