There are a limited number of studies focusing on the mechanisms explaining why variable practice gives an advantage in a novel situation and constant practice in performance in trained conditions. We hypothesized that this may be due to the different gaze behavior that is developed under different conditions. Twenty participants, randomly assigned to two different groups, practiced basketball free throws for three consecutive days, performing 100 throws per day. The constant group (n = 10) practiced at a free throw distance (4.57 m) only. The variable practice group (n = 10) randomly performed 20 shots per five throw distances (3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, and 5.79 m) on each day, also accumulating 100 shots per day. We analyzed the total gaze fixation duration, a number of fixations, and the average fixation duration on a basketball rim in a pretest and posttest at the 4.57 m distance. We computed a linear mixed model with test (pretest-posttest), group (constant-variable), and test × group interaction in order to analyze the total fixation duration and number of fixations. The average fixation duration was analyzed with a repeated measure two-way ANOVA, with practice conditions as a between-participants factor and test type as a within-participants factor. We found that the total fixation duration increased significantly in the posttest, regardless of the practice conditions (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.504). The number of fixations also increased significantly in the posttest (p = 0.037, effect size = 0.246). The average fixation duration increased in both groups; however, insignificantly. We also did not find any significant differences between groups. Our results suggest that variable and constant practice conditions may lead to the development of similar gaze behavior.

• MeSH
• basketbal fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• oční fixace fyziologie   MeSH
• praxe (psychologie) * MeSH
• sporty fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Background: Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a rare, potentially severe pulmonary complication of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). Informative clinical trials and consensus on management are lacking. Aims: The European GLILD network (e-GLILDnet) aims to describe how GLILD is currently managed in clinical practice and to determine the main uncertainties and unmet needs regarding diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Methods: The e-GLILDnet collaborators developed and conducted an online survey facilitated by the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) between February-April 2020. Results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: One hundred and sixty-one responses from adult and pediatric pulmonologists and immunologists from 47 countries were analyzed. Respondents treated a median of 27 (interquartile range, IQR 82-maximum 500) CVID patients, of which a median of 5 (IQR 8-max 200) had GLILD. Most respondents experienced difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of GLILD and only 31 (19%) had access to a standardized protocol. There was little uniformity in diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Fewer than 40% of respondents saw a definite need for biopsy in all cases or performed bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnostics. Sixty-six percent used glucocorticosteroids for remission-induction and 47% for maintenance therapy; azathioprine, rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil were the most frequently prescribed steroid-sparing agents. Pulmonary function tests were the preferred modality for monitoring patients during follow-up. Conclusions: These data demonstrate an urgent need for clinical studies to provide more evidence for an international consensus regarding management of GLILD. These studies will need to address optimal procedures for definite diagnosis and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of GLILD in order to provide individualized treatment options. Non-availability of well-established standardized protocols risks endangering patients.

• MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie trendy   MeSH
• běžná variabilní imunodeficience diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• biologické přípravky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• disparity zdravotní péče trendy   MeSH
• granulom dýchacího systému diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• imunosupresiva škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• internet MeSH
• intersticiální plicní nemoci diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pediatři trendy   MeSH
• pediatrie trendy   MeSH
• plicní lékaři trendy   MeSH
• pneumologie trendy   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
• steroidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

The main objective of our study was to determine whether constant and variable practice conditions lead to the development of different memory representations (GMP) and as a result, they benefit performance of a skill differently. We compared one of the Generalized Motor Program (GMP) invariant features, i.e., relative timing, of the same variation of skill developed in constant and variable practice conditions. In two experiments, participants, naïve to the basketball, were practicing free throws, receiving the same amount of practice. In constant conditions they practiced at one distance only (4.57 m), whereas in variable conditions they practiced at seven (2.74, 3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, 5.79, and 6.4 m) and five (3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, and 5.79 m) distances, in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. We found that relative timing of skills developed in constant and variable practice conditions is the same, confirming that these practice conditions form the same memory representation. However, we also observed that constant practice (CP) conditions resulted in overall shorter movement time as compared to the skill practiced in variable conditions. We hypothesized that it may be due to the facilitation of parameters assignment as it takes place in especial skill.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: There is numerous literature on mechanisms underlying variability of practice advantages. Literature includes both behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Unfortunately, no studies are focusing on practice in constant conditions to the best of our knowledge. Hence it is essential to assess possible differences in mechanisms of neuroplasticity between constant vs. variable practice conditions. The primary objectives of the study described in this protocol will be: (1) to determine the brain's structural and functional changes following constant and variable practice conditions in motor learning (structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, MRI); (2) to determine the EEG activation and connectivity between cognitive, sensory, and motor cerebral cortex areas (central, temporal, parietal, occipital) in constant and variable practice conditions and as a function of practice time. Methods: The study will follow the interventional (experimental) design with two arms (parallel groups). Fifty participants will be randomly assigned to two groups practicing in constant (CG) and variable conditions (VG). CG will be practicing only one pattern of step isometric contractions during unimanual index finger abduction, i.e., 90 trials in all training sessions, whereas VG will practice three different patterns. Each will be practiced 30 times per session in variable conditions. Resting-state fMRI, EEG (cortical networking), and motor task proficiency will be examined before (pre-) and after practice (post- and retentions tests). Discussion: Findings will enhance our understanding of structural and functional neural changes following practice in constant and variable conditions. Therefore, the study can be considered pure (basic) research (clinical research in healthy individuals). Clinical Trial Registration: Study registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT04921072) on 9 June 2021. Last version update: 21 December 2021.The protocol has been prepared according to the complete SPIRIT checklist (http://www.spirit-statement.org/), although the item order has been modified in order to comply with the manuscript structure.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychický stres patofyziologie   MeSH
• psychofyziologie MeSH
• psychosomatické lékařství MeSH
• psychosomatické poruchy MeSH
• spektrální analýza metody   využití   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Members of the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) come from different geographic locations and practice settings. A member survey regarding practice patterns provides valuable information for practitioners and researchers alike, and allows the IUGA to discover areas to focus on education and information dissemination. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed by the IUGA Research and Development committee and distributed electronically to IUGA surgeons. Answers were analyzed in reference to demographics, geographic distribution, and academic affiliation. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-four members answered the questionnaire, representing a 28 % response rate, and closely reflecting the geographic distribution of IUGA membership. Preferred surgical treatment for uncomplicated SUI was the mid-urethral trans-obturator sling (49.7 %). Vaginal mesh was mainly used for repair of recurrent POP (20.4 %). Pessary use was offered "always" or "frequently" by 61.5 %, with no difference in academic affiliation, but significant differences based on region of practice. Compared to practitioners in non-academic centers, those with academic affiliation utilized Urodynamic studies (UDS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) more frequently in the evaluation of POP. Regions of practice significantly influenced the majority of practice patterns, with the highest impact found in the use of robotic assistance. CONCLUSIONS: Many practice patterns in the evaluation and treatment of POP and SUI depend on academic affiliation and geographic location. Practice patterns are not always based on most recent evidence-based data.

• MeSH
• chirurgické síťky využití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gynekologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie využití   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pesary využití   MeSH
• prolaps pánevních orgánů chirurgie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• stresová inkontinence moči chirurgie   MeSH
• suburetrální pásky využití   MeSH
• ultrasonografie využití   MeSH
• urologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Variability in practice has been shown to enhance motor skill learning. Benefits of practice variability have been attributed to motor schema formation (variable versus constant practice), or more effortful information processing (random versus blocked practice). We hypothesized that, among other mechanisms, greater practice variability might promote an external focus of attention on the intended movement effect, while less variability would be more conducive to a less effective internal focus on body movements. In Experiment 1, the learning of a throwing task was enhanced by variable versus constant practice, and variable group participants reported focusing more on the distance to the target (external focus), while constant group participants focused more on their posture (internal focus). In Experiment 2, golf putting was learned more effectively with a random compared with a blocked practice schedule. Furthermore, random group learners reported using a more effective distal external focus (i.e., distance to the target) to a greater extent, whereas blocked group participants used a less effective proximal focus (i.e., putter) more often. While attentional focus was assessed through questionnaires in the first two experiments, learners in Experiment 3 were asked to report their current attentional focus at any time during practice. Again, the learning of a throwing task was more effective after random relative to blocked practice. Also, random practice learners reported using more external focus cues, while in blocked practice participants used more internal focus cues. The findings suggest that the attentional foci induced by different practice schedules might be at least partially responsible for the learning differences.

• MeSH
• golf fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• pozornost fyziologie   MeSH
• praxe (psychologie) MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• učení fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• ošetřovatelství MeSH
• výzkum MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• ošetřovatelství

BACKGROUND: Surgical-related incidents are a common cause of in-hospital adverse events. Surgical patient safety would benefit from evidence-based practices, but a comprehensive collection of patient safety recommendations is still lacking. This study aimed to compile and assess the perioperative patient safety recommendations for adults. METHOD: A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines was conducted using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Virtual Health Library Regional Portal, and Trip Database from 2012 to 2022. Eligibility criteria followed a PICAR strategy for patient safety recommendations in the perioperative care continuum. Guidelines were appraised for quality, particularly focusing on the 'rigour of development' domain of the AGREE-II tool for those containing strong recommendations. Descriptive analyses were conducted, emphasizing guideline quality, recommendation strength, and the supporting level of evidence. RESULTS: From the 267 guidelines, 4666 perioperative patient safety recommendations were extracted, of which 44.9% (2095) were strongly recommended. Of these, 322 had the highest level of evidence, but only 18 guidelines met high standards in the AGREE-II 'rigour of development' domain. A subset of 78 recommendations ranked the highest in the strength of recommendation, level of evidence, and rigour of development of their guidelines. A gap was found within pre-admission and post-discharge care recommendations. DISCUSSION: This review highlights the noteworthy variability in the methodological quality of the guidelines, and a discordance between strength of recommendation and evidence level of the available perioperative patient safety recommendations. These findings provide valuable information for advising policy decisions and promoting best practices to enhance global surgical safety. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42022347449).

• MeSH
• bezpečnost pacientů * normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• perioperační péče * normy   metody   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

AIMS: This project aimed to improve physicians' adherence to evidence-based practices regarding the selection and administration of intra-articular knee injections for patients with osteoarthritis. The project also aimed to empower patients by increasing their awareness of these evidence-based practices. INTRODUCTION: In the management of knee osteoarthritis, intra-articular injections are commonly used when initial treatments prove inadequate. However, issues such as patients' demand for rapid relief and variability in physicians' familiarity with optimal practices often lead to suboptimal treatment decisions and potential adverse outcomes. METHODS: This project followed the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework, which is grounded in an audit, feedback, and re-audit process. Initially, physicians were surveyed on the topic under consideration, and hospital records were reviewed. Subsequently, targeted interventions were implemented, including briefings and the distribution of informative flyers. RESULTS: The baseline audit indicated low adherence with all audit criteria. Various parameters, such as adherence to best clinical practices, informed decision-making by patients, and the recommendation of alternative treatment modalities, were significantly lacking. Following the interventions, substantial improvements were observed, including higher rates of adherence to best clinical practices by physicians for multiple criteria, such as stepwise referral to conservative therapy options and the content of intra-articular injections. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to best clinical practices can be improved through educational briefings for physicians on the most current evidence-based treatment practices for injectable substances in knee osteoarthritis. The active engagement of patients, facilitated by informative flyers and physician assistance, contributed to better involvement in their treatment choices. However, the participation of health care institutions and providers as well as lifelong education practices may be necessary for more comprehensive and sustainable changes. SPANISH ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A277.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dodržování směrnic * MeSH
• injekce intraartikulární MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lékařská praxe založená na důkazech MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH