- MeSH
- agamaglobulinemie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience diagnóza imunologie terapie MeSH
- deficience IgA MeSH
- imunodeficience s hyper-IgM diagnóza terapie MeSH
- imunologické testy metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenecký screening MeSH
- primární imunodeficience diagnóza terapie MeSH
- protilátky analýza krev MeSH
- syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- vakcinace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky * MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- imunologické testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bežná variabilná imunodeficiencia je heterogénnou skupinou ochorení, ktoré spája podobný laboratórny nález v imunoprofile. Hoci ide o prevažne protilátkovú poruchu imunity, zmeny a odchýlky nachádzame aj v oblasti celulárnej imunity. Diagnostické kritériá a klasifikačné systémy zatiaľ nie sú schopné stanoviť klinicky plne využiteľné fenotypové rozdelenie pacientov. V tejto problematike by mohla kľúčovú úlohu zohrať genotypová klasifikácia. Zoznam kauzálnych génov pre vznik ochorenia sa neustále rozširuje. Mutácie v známych génoch sa ale potvrdia len u približne 10–25 % pacientov. Aj tieto nálezy je potrebné správne interpretovať, čo je často značne komplikované. Medzi ďalšie zvažované príčinné faktory vzniku patria epigenetické zmeny, oligogénna a polygénna dedičnosť alebo vplyv vonkajšieho prostredia.
Common variable immunodeficiency is heterogeneous group of disorders that belongs to primary immunodeficiency disorders. Combined defect of humoral and cellular immunity is the main sign. Diagnostic criteria and classification are still insufficient for optimal clinical use. This problem can be solved by genotype classification. There are many causal genes but these are found only in 10 % to 25 % of the patients. Moreover, these findings have to be interpreted correctly, which is complicated. Other possible causes are epigenetics, oligogenic, polygenic inheritance and environmental factors.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní hemolytická anemie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- imunoglobuliny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- infekční nemoci farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nefrotický syndrom diagnóza terapie MeSH
- pasivní imunizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Background: Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a rare, potentially severe pulmonary complication of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). Informative clinical trials and consensus on management are lacking. Aims: The European GLILD network (e-GLILDnet) aims to describe how GLILD is currently managed in clinical practice and to determine the main uncertainties and unmet needs regarding diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Methods: The e-GLILDnet collaborators developed and conducted an online survey facilitated by the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) between February-April 2020. Results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: One hundred and sixty-one responses from adult and pediatric pulmonologists and immunologists from 47 countries were analyzed. Respondents treated a median of 27 (interquartile range, IQR 82-maximum 500) CVID patients, of which a median of 5 (IQR 8-max 200) had GLILD. Most respondents experienced difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of GLILD and only 31 (19%) had access to a standardized protocol. There was little uniformity in diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Fewer than 40% of respondents saw a definite need for biopsy in all cases or performed bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnostics. Sixty-six percent used glucocorticosteroids for remission-induction and 47% for maintenance therapy; azathioprine, rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil were the most frequently prescribed steroid-sparing agents. Pulmonary function tests were the preferred modality for monitoring patients during follow-up. Conclusions: These data demonstrate an urgent need for clinical studies to provide more evidence for an international consensus regarding management of GLILD. These studies will need to address optimal procedures for definite diagnosis and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of GLILD in order to provide individualized treatment options. Non-availability of well-established standardized protocols risks endangering patients.
- MeSH
- alergologie a imunologie trendy MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience diagnóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- biologické přípravky terapeutické užití MeSH
- disparity zdravotní péče trendy MeSH
- granulom dýchacího systému diagnóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- imunosupresiva škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- internet MeSH
- intersticiální plicní nemoci diagnóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pediatři trendy MeSH
- pediatrie trendy MeSH
- plicní lékaři trendy MeSH
- pneumologie trendy MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
- steroidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
- MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- imunoglobulin A terapeutické užití MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience diagnóza etiologie komplikace mortalita patologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie krev mortalita patologie MeSH
- paraproteinemie krev MeSH
- sepse diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- fenotyp * MeSH
- imunofenotypizace MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
- T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Introduction: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by defective antibody production and hypogammaglobulinemia. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes has become of great relevance for the diagnosis and classification of CVID, due to an impaired differentiation of mature post-germinal-center (GC) class-switched memory B-cells (MBC) and severely decreased plasmablast/plasma cell (Pb) counts. Here, we investigated in detail the pre-GC B-cell maturation compartment in blood of CVID patients. Methods: In this collaborative multicentric study the EuroFlow PID 8-color Pre-GC B-cell tube, standardized sample preparation procedures (SOPs) and innovative data analysis tools, were used to characterize the maturation profile of pre-GC B-cells in 100 CVID patients, vs 62 age-matched healthy donors (HD). Results: The Pre-GC B-cell tube allowed identification within pre-GC B-cells of three subsets of maturation associated immature B-cells and three subpopulations of mature naïve B-lymphocytes. CVID patients showed overall reduced median absolute counts (vs HD) of the two more advanced stages of maturation of both CD5+ CD38+/++ CD21het CD24++ (2.7 vs 5.6 cells/µl, p=0.0004) and CD5+ CD38het CD21+ CD24+ (6.5 vs 17 cells/µl, p<0.0001) immature B cells (below normal HD levels in 22% and 37% of CVID patients). This was associated with an expansion of CD21-CD24- (6.1 vs 0.74 cells/µl, p<0.0001) and CD21-CD24++ (1.8 vs 0.4 cells/µl, p<0.0001) naïve B-cell counts above normal values in 73% and 94% cases, respectively. Additionally, reduced IgMD+ (21 vs 32 cells/µl, p=0.03) and IgMD- (4 vs 35 cells/µl, p<0.0001) MBC counts were found to be below normal values in 25% and 77% of CVID patients, respectively, always together with severely reduced/undetectable circulating blood pb. Comparison of the maturation pathway profile of pre-GC B cells in blood of CVID patients vs HD using EuroFlow software tools showed systematically altered patterns in CVID. These consisted of: i) a normally-appearing maturation pathway with altered levels of expression of >1 (CD38, CD5, CD19, CD21, CD24, and/or smIgM) phenotypic marker (57/88 patients; 65%) for a total of 3 distinct CVID patient profiles (group 1: 42/88 patients, 48%; group 2: 8/88, 9%; and group 3: 7/88, 8%) and ii) CVID patients with a clearly altered pre-GC B cell maturation pathway in blood (group 4: 31/88 cases, 35%). Conclusion: Our results show that maturation of pre-GC B-cells in blood of CVID is systematically altered with up to four distinctly altered maturation profiles. Further studies, are necessary to better understand the impact of such alterations on the post-GC defects and the clinical heterogeneity of CVID.
- MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience diagnóza imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- CD antigeny analýza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- imunofenotypizace * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prekurzorové B-lymfoidní buňky imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVIDs) represent a group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and dysfunctional immune response to invading pathogens. Previous studies have indicated that CVID is associated with microbial translocation and systemic myeloid cell activation. The goal of this study was to determine whether patients with CVID display elevated systemic levels of markers of granulocyte activation and whether the levels are further influenced by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) infusions. The plasma levels of granulocyte activation markers elastase and myeloperoxidase were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 46 CVID patients and 44 healthy controls. All CVID patients were in a stable state with no apparent acute infection. In addition, granulocyte activation markers' plasma levels in 24 CVID patients were determined prior to and 1 h following IVIg administration. Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase plasma levels were significantly higher in CVID patients than in healthy controls. Systemic elastase levels were further increased following IVIg administration. In vitro stimulation of 13 CVID patients' whole blood using IVIg in a therapeutically relevant dose for 2 h resulted in a significant increase in plasma elastase levels compared to unstimulated blood. The data presented here indicate that CVID is associated with chronic granulocytic activation which is further exacerbated by administering IVIg. Increased myeloperoxidase and elastase levels may contribute to associated comorbidities in CVID patients.
- MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience krev diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- leukocytární elastasa krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- peroxidasa krev MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
