Brucellosis is a zoonosis with non-specific clinical symptoms involving multiple systems and organs. Its prevalence is low in most of EU countries, which can lead to the difficulties in laboratory and clinical diagnostic. Due to its relationship to the Ochrobactrum spp., it may be misclassified in rapid identification systems. We present a case of a 13-year-old immunocompetent girl who was examined several times for fever, fatigue, night sweats and weight loss; laboratory results showed mildly elevated C-reactive protein, anaemia and leukopenia. Four weeks before the onset of symptoms, she had been on a family holiday in Egypt. Given her symptoms, a haemato-oncological or autoimmune disease was considered more likely. The diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis was made after 4 months. The main reasons for this delay were as follows: low specificity of clinical symptoms, delay in completing the travel history, inconclusive initial serological results and misidentification of the blood culture isolate as Ochrobactrum sp. Even in countries with a low incidence of brucellosis, it is essential to educate healthcare professionals about the disease. Low specificity of symptoms and limited experience of laboratory staff may lead to late diagnosis with risk of complications and poor outcome. If Ochrobactrum spp. is detected in clinical specimens by rapid identification, careful re-evaluation must follow and all measures to prevent laboratory-acquired infections must be taken until Brucella spp. is unequivocally excluded.

• MeSH
• bakteriemie * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Brucella izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• brucelóza * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• chybná diagnóza * MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• horečka * mikrobiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Ochrobactrum * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• spondylitida mikrobiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Egypt MeSH

Clinical trials in oncology are important tools to identify and establish new effective drugs for cancer treatment. Since the development of the concept of precision oncology, a huge number of multi-centric biomarker-driven clinical trials have been performed and promoted by either academic institutions or pharmaceutical companies. In this scenario, the role of pathologists is essential in multiple aspects, with new challenges that should be addressed. In this position paper of the European Society of Pathology, the role of pathologists as contributors to the design of the clinical trial, as local collaborators, or as members of central review laboratories is discussed. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the important role of pathologists in guiding methods and criteria of tissue biomarker testing in the biomarker-driven clinical trials. The paper also addresses issues regarding quality control, training, and the possible role of digital pathology.

• MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma * MeSH
• laboratorní medicína normy   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * analýza   MeSH
• nádory * patologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• patologové * MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• výzkumný projekt normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Increased lung cancer risks for low socioeconomic status (SES) groups are only partially attributable to smoking habits. Little effort has been made to investigate the persistent risks related to low SES by quantification of potential biases. METHODS: Based on 12 case-control studies, including 18 centers of the international SYNERGY project (16,550 cases, 20,147 controls), we estimated controlled direct effects (CDE) of SES on lung cancer via multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, study center, and smoking habits and stratified by sex. We conducted mediation analysis by inverse odds ratio weighting to estimate natural direct effects and natural indirect effects via smoking habits. We considered misclassification of smoking status, selection bias, and unmeasured mediator-outcome confounding by genetic risk, both separately and by multiple quantitative bias analyses, using bootstrap to create 95% simulation intervals (SI). RESULTS: Mediation analysis of lung cancer risks for SES estimated mean proportions of 43% in men and 33% in women attributable to smoking. Bias analyses decreased the direct effects of SES on lung cancer, with selection bias showing the strongest reduction in lung cancer risk in the multiple bias analysis. Lung cancer risks remained increased for lower SES groups, with higher risks in men (fourth vs. first [highest] SES quartile: CDE, 1.50 [SI, 1.32, 1.69]) than women (CDE: 1.20 [SI: 1.01, 1.45]). Natural direct effects were similar to CDE, particularly in men. CONCLUSIONS: Bias adjustment lowered direct lung cancer risk estimates of lower SES groups. However, risks for low SES remained elevated, likely attributable to occupational hazards or other environmental exposures.

• MeSH
• analýza mediace * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kouření * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• nádory plic * epidemiologie   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• společenská třída * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a simple, robust, and easy-to-use calibration procedure for correcting misalignments in rosette MRI k-space sampling, with the objective of producing images with minimal artifacts. METHODS: Quick automatic calibration scans were proposed for the beginning of the measurement to collect information on the time course of the rosette acquisition trajectory. A two-parameter model was devised to match the measured time-varying readout gradient delays and approximate the actual rosette sampling trajectory. The proposed calibration approach was implemented, and performance assessment was conducted on both phantoms and human subjects. RESULTS: The fidelity of phantom and in vivo images exhibited significant improvement compared with uncorrected rosette data. The two-parameter calibration approach also demonstrated enhanced precision and reliability, as evidenced by quantitative T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ relaxometry analyses. CONCLUSION: Adequate correction of data sampling is a crucial step in rosette MRI. The presented experimental results underscore the robustness, ease of implementation, and suitability for routine experimental use of the proposed two-parameter rosette trajectory calibration approach.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• artefakty * MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické * MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Dual velocity encoding PC-MRI can produce spurious artifacts when using high ratios of velocity encoding values (VENCs), limiting its ability to generate high-quality images across a wide range of encoding velocities. This study aims to propose and compare dual-VENC correction methods for such artifacts. THEORY AND METHODS: Two denoising approaches based on spatiotemporal regularization are proposed and compared with a state-of-the-art method based on sign correction. Accuracy is assessed using simulated data from an aorta and brain aneurysm, as well as 8 two-dimensional (2D) PC-MRI ascending aorta datasets. Two temporal resolutions (30,60) ms and noise levels (9,12) dB are considered, with noise added to the complex magnetization. The error is evaluated with respect to the noise-free measurement in the synthetic case and to the unwrapped image without additional noise in the volunteer datasets. RESULTS: In all studied cases, the proposed methods are more accurate than the Sign Correction technique. Using simulated 2D+T data from the aorta (60 ms, 9 dB), the Dual-VENC (DV) error 0.82±0.07$$ 0.82\pm 0.07 $$ is reduced to: 0.66±0.04$$ 0.66\pm 0.04 $$ (Sign Correction); 0.34±0.04$$ 0.34\pm 0.04 $$ and 0.32±0.04$$ 0.32\pm 0.04 $$ (proposed techniques). The methods are found to be significantly different (p-value <0.05$$ <0.05 $$ ). Importantly, brain aneurysm data revealed that the Sign Correction method is not suitable, as it increases error when the flow is not unidirectional. All three methods improve the accuracy of in vivo data. CONCLUSION: The newly proposed methods outperform the Sign Correction method in improving dual-VENC PC-MRI images. Among them, the approach based on temporal differences has shown the highest accuracy.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• aorta * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• artefakty * MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
• interpretace obrazu počítačem metody   MeSH
• intrakraniální aneurysma diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody   MeSH
• poměr signál - šum * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores the design and endpoints of perioperative platforms in clinical trials for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). RECENT FINDINGS: The choice of clinical trial design in perioperative platforms for MIBC must align with specific research objectives to ensure robust and meaningful outcomes. Novel designs in perioperative platforms for MIBC integrate bladder-sparing approaches. Primary endpoints such as pathological complete response and disease-free survival are highlighted for their role in expediting trial results in perioperative setting. Incorporating patient-reported outcomes is important to inform healthcare decision makers about the outcomes most meaningful to patients. Given the growing body of evidence, potential biomarkers, predictive and prognostic tools should be considered and implemented when designing trials in perioperative platforms for MIBC. SUMMARY: Effective perioperative platforms for MIBC trials are critical in enhancing patient outcomes. The careful selection and standardization of study designs and endpoints in the perioperative platform are essential for the successful implementation of new therapies and the advancement of personalized treatment approaches in MIBC.

• MeSH
• cystektomie metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru * MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie   patologie   terapie   mortalita   MeSH
• perioperační péče metody   normy   MeSH
• stanovení cílového parametru MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to identify, catalogue, and characterize previously reported tools, techniques, methods, and processes that have been recommended or used by evidence synthesizers to detect fraudulent or erroneous data and mitigate its impact. INTRODUCTION: Decision-making for policy and practice should always be underpinned by the best available evidence-typically peer-reviewed scientific literature. Evidence synthesis literature should be collated and organized using the appropriate evidence synthesis methodology, best exemplified by the role systematic reviews play in evidence-based health care. However, with the rise of "predatory journals," fraudulent or erroneous data may be invading this literature, which may negatively affect evidence syntheses that use this data. This, in turn, may compromise decision-making processes. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review will include peer-reviewed articles, commentaries, books, and editorials that describe at least 1 tool, technique, method, or process with the explicit purpose of identifying or mitigating the impact of fraudulent or erroneous data for any evidence synthesis, in any topic area. Manuals, handbooks, and guidance from major organizations, universities, and libraries will also be considered. METHODS: This review will be conducted using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases and relevant organizational websites will be searched for eligible studies. Title and abstract, and, subsequently, full-text screening will be conducted in duplicate. Data from identified full texts will be extracted using a pre-determined checklist, while the findings will be summarized descriptively and presented in tables. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/u8yrn.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podvod prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• systematický přehled jako téma MeSH
• vědecký podvod * MeSH
• výzkumný projekt normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Cohort studies are a robust analytical observational study design that explore the difference in outcomes between two cohorts, differentiated by their exposure status. Despite being observational in nature, they are often included in systematic reviews of effectiveness, particularly when randomized controlled trials are limited or not feasible. Like all studies included in a systematic review, cohort studies must undergo a critical appraisal process to assess the extent to which a study has considered potential bias in its design, conduct, or analysis. Critical appraisal tools facilitate this evaluation. This paper introduces the revised critical appraisal tool for cohort studies, completed by the JBI Effectiveness Methodology Group, who are currently revising the suite of JBI critical appraisal tools for quantitative study designs. The revised tool responds to updates in methodological guidance from the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group and reporting guidance from PRISMA 2020, providing a robust framework for evaluating risk of bias in a cohort study. Transparent and rigorous assessment using this tool will assist reviewers in understanding the validity and relevance of the results and conclusions drawn from a systematic review that includes cohort studies. This may contribute to better evidence-based decision-making in health care. This paper discusses the key changes made to the tool, outlines justifications for these changes, and provides practical guidance on how this tool should be interpreted and applied by systematic reviewers.

• MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• výzkumný projekt * normy   MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nežiaduce udalosti predstavujú globálny problém s negatívnym dopadom na bezpečnosť pacientov. Jedným z kľúčových nástrojov na zvýšenie kvality starostlivosti a bezpečnosti pacientov je hlásenie týchto udalostí. Cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť, aká je frekvencia hlásenia nežiaducich udalostí, aké faktory ovplyvňujú frekvenciu hlásenia, a aké bariéry hlásenia nežiaducich udalostí vnímajú sestry pracujúce na jednotkách intenzívnej starostlivosti (JIS) vo vybraných nemocniciach Slovenskej republiky. Zber údajov prebiehal od júla do októbra 2023 prostredníctvom dotazníka pozostávajúceho z troch častí: frekvencia hlásenia, bariéry a demografické údaje. Výskumný súbor zahŕňal 153 sestier zo štyroch slovenských nemocníc. Údaje boli spracované pomocou deskriptívnej a inferenčnej štatistiky. Frekvencia hlásenia dosiahla skóre 3,39 (SD = 1,33), čo naznačuje priemerné hlásenie nežiaducich udalostí. Faktory ako spokojnosť na pracovisku, materiálne vybavenie, vnímaná bezpečnosť pacientov a vzdelanie sestier významne ovplyvňovali hlásenie. Medzi najvýznamnejšie bariéry patrili nedostatočné vedomosti o tom, ktoré udalosti hlásiť, slabé povedomie o vzniku udalostí a nejasnosti v procese hlásenia. Napriek relatívne vysokej frekvencii hlásenia nežiaducich udalostí na JIS pretrvávajú bariéry, ktoré obmedzujú jeho efektivitu. Kľúčovými výzvami je nedostatok vedomostí a jasných inštrukcií, ktoré je potrebné riešiť prostredníctvom vzdelávania a organizačných opatrení. Podpora faktorov ako spokojnosť na pracovisku a dostupnosť zdrojov môže prispieť k zvýšeniu bezpečnosti pacientov a kvality starostlivosti.

Adverse events represent a global issue with a significant negative impact on patient safety. Reporting these events is one of the key tools for improving the quality of care and patient safety. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of adverse event reporting, identify factors influencing reporting frequency, and explore barriers to adverse event reporting as perceived by nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) in selected hospitals in Slovakia. Data collection took place from July to October 2023 through a questionnaire consisting of three sections: reporting frequency, barriers, and demographic information. The sample included 153 nurses from four Slovak hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The reporting frequency score was 3.39 (SD = 1.33), indicating relatively average reporting of adverse events. Factors such as workplace satisfaction, material resources, perceived patient safety, and nurse education significantly influenced reporting. The most critical barriers identified were insufficient knowledge about which events to report, limited awareness of adverse event occurrence, and unclear reporting processes. Despite the relatively high frequency of adverse event reporting in ICUs, barriers limiting its effectiveness persist. Key challenges include a lack of knowledge and clear guidelines, which should be addressed through education and organizational measures. Supporting factors such as workplace satisfaction and resource availability could further enhance patient safety and care quality

• Klíčová slova
• hlášení nežádoucích událostí,
• MeSH
• bezpečnost pacientů MeSH
• chybná zdravotní péče prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• řízení bezpečnosti MeSH
• řízení rizik MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH

Článek se zabývá stručným popisem zdravotních problémů, na něž má vliv výživa. Nejčastějšími zdravotními problémy králíků se vztahem k výživě jsou onemocnění gastrointestinálního traktu (trichobezoáry, enteritidy, enterotoxemie), obezita a syndrom onemocnění dentice (a s tím související problémy). Na tyto problémy pak navazují další problémy a změny chování králíků. V závěru je stručně uvedeno správné složení krmné dávky králíků v zájmovém chovu.

The article deals with a description of the health problems affected by nutrition. The most common nutrition-related health problems in rabbits are gastrointestinal diseases (trichobezoars, enteritis, enterotoxaemia), obesity and dentition syndrome (and related problems). These problems are then followed by other problems and behavioural changes in rabbits. In conclusion, the correct composition of rabbit diets for pet rabbits is briefly outlined.