• MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH
• kongresy MeSH
• programy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• zprávy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství

A 2-year national genomic screening in the Czech Republic identified a notable prevalence of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 5 (NDM-5)-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 38 (ST38) in the city of Brno. Forty-two ST38 E. coli isolates harbored the blaNDM-5 gene on the chromosome. Virulence factors confirmed the persistence of these isolates through biofilm formation. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)-based phylogeny and CRISPR assay typing showed minimal genomic variations, implying a clonally driven outbreak. Results suggest that this high-risk clone may impose a nationwide problem.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• beta-laktamasy * genetika   MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
• Escherichia coli * genetika   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   enzymologie   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom bakteriální MeSH
• genomika metody   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Spomedzi 162 humánnych izolátov rodu Trichosporon autorka podľa „kľúčových“ znakov (Guého etal. 1992, 1994) identifikovala ako dominantné T. mucoides (41 %) a T. asahii (33 %). Druhy T. inkin,T. ovoides a aj nepatogénny T. pullulans boli v sledovanom súbore zriedkavé. Do pôvodne najčastejšie uvádzaného druhu T. cutaneum patrilo menej než 10 % z celkového počtu izolátov. Variabilnosť fyziologických a biochemických znakov nedovolila presné zaradenie 5 % izolovaných kmeňovTrichosporon. Diskovou difúznou metódou sa potvrdila rezistencia testovaných kmeňov voči 5-fluorocytozínu a inhibícia polyénovými a azolovými antimykotikami.

Among 162 human isolates of Trichosporon the author isolated according to „crucial“ signs (Guéhoet al. 1992, 1994) the following as dominant: T. mucoides (41%) and T. asahii (33%), T. inkin, T. ovoidesand others as well as non-pathogenic T. pullulans were rare in their investigation. To the originallymost frequently reported type T. cutaneum belonged less than 10% of the total number of isolates.The variability of physiological and biological signs did not make classification of 5% isolatedTrichosporon strains possible. The disc diffusion method confirmed resistance of the tested strainsto 5-fluorocytosine, and inhibition by polyenie and azole antimycotics.

• MeSH
• kvasinky patogenita   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody   MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky metody   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Trichosporon izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   patogenita   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Achromobacter species are emerging pathogens isolated from respiratory samples of Patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) causing growing concerns in the CF community. The epidemiology and the clinical impact of Achromobacter in CF is unclear since data are restricted to small case control studies or selected populations. AIM: To characterize the effect of Achromobacter respiratory infection on CF lung disease. METHODS: European CF Society Patient Registry data was analysed for association between Achromobacter infection and demographic/clinical characteristics and outcomes of pwCF. RESULTS: Of eligible 38,795 patients, Achromobacter infection was reported in 2,093 (prevalence (95% CI) of 5.40% (5.17 - 5.62). The prevalence varied significantly between the countries and increased with age peaking at the age 20-30. Achromobacter infection was more prevalent in pwCF carrying class minimal function mutations, having worse nutrition or lower pulmonary function, and more patients inhaled antibiotics against P. aeruginosa. Patient infected with Achromobacter had similar pulmonary function and BMI to patients infected with P. aeruginosa at all age groups. Being infected with both bacteria was associated with significantly lower pulmonary function and BMI at all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Achromobacter infection was associated with disease severity similar to infection with P. aeruginosa. Being infected with both bacteria is associated with even more severe disease. This suggests to study if eradication will improve the outcome of pwCF.

• MeSH
• Achromobacter * genetika   MeSH
• cystická fibróza * komplikace   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• infekce dýchací soustavy * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• plíce MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aphanomyces astaci, the causal agent of the crayfish plague, has recently been confirmed to infect also freshwater-inhabiting crabs. We experimentally tested the resistance of freshwater shrimps, another important decapod group inhabiting freshwaters, to this pathogen. We exposed individuals of two Asian shrimp species, Macrobrachium dayanum and Neocaridina davidi, to zoospores of the pathogen strain isolated from Procambarus clarkii, a known A. astaci carrier likely to get into contact with shrimps. The shrimps were kept in separate vessels up to seven weeks; exuviae and randomly chosen individuals were sampled throughout the experiment. Shrimp bodies and exuviae were tested for A. astaci presence by a species-specific quantitative PCR. The results were compared with amounts of A. astaci DNA in an inert substrate to distinguish potential pathogen growth in live specimens from persisting spores or environmental DNA attached to their surface. In contrast to susceptible crayfish Astacus astacus, we did not observe mortality of shrimps. The amount of detected pathogen DNA was decreasing steadily in the inert substrate, but it was still detectable several weeks after zoospore addition, which should be considered in studies relying on molecular detection of A. astaci. Probably due to moulting, the amount of A. astaci DNA was decreasing in N. davidi even faster than in the inert substrate. In contrast, high pathogen DNA levels were detected in some non-moulting individuals of M. dayanum, suggesting that A. astaci growth may be possible in tissues of this species. Further experiments are needed to test for the potential of long-term A. astaci persistence in freshwater shrimp populations.

• MeSH
• Aphanomyces genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Decapoda (Crustacea) genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
• odolnost vůči nemocem genetika   MeSH
• Palaemonidae genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

V súbore 487 klinických izolátov Salmonella Enteritidis sa okrem fágotypu hodnotili markery virulencie – hydrofóbnosť bunkového povrchu baktérií, motilita, tvorba biofilmu ako aj prítomnosť sérovar–špecifického 60kb plazmidu virulencie. Najčastejší fágotyp bol PT8 (48,3%), a ďalšie fágotypy boli PT13a (7,2%), PT15 (6,4%), PT4 (4,5%). 31 kmeňov (6,4%) bolo netypovateľných. Na základe získaných výsledkov z hodnotenia jednotlivých markerov virulencie, 128 kmeňov (26,3%) bolo hydrofóbnych v teste adherencie na xylén, pričom najväčší počet kmeňov s vysokou hydrofóbnosťou sa zistil medzi fágotypmi PT9a (84,6%), PT25 (81,8%), PT15 (54,8%) a PT8 (23,4%). Motilita ≥ 50 mm bola u 294 (60,4%) kmeňov a viditeľný biofilm rôzneho stupňa v skúmavkovom teste tvorilo 448 kmeňov (91,9%). Schopnosť tvorby biofilmu in vitro poukazuje na vysoký virulenčný potenciál študovaných kmeňov. Sérovar-špecifický 60 kb plazmid virulencie obsahovalo 467 (95,9%) kmeňov. Jasná korelácia medzi fágotypom a jednotlivými markermi virulencie v študovanom súbore kmeňov sa nezistila. Získané in vitro výsledky naznačujú flexibilitu Salmonella Enteritidis v infikovaní hostiteľa.

A set of 487 clinical isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis were phage typed and analyzed for virulence markers, i.e. bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity, motility, biofilm formation and the presence of a 60 kb serovar-specific virulence plasmid. The most frequent phage type was PT8 (48.3%), followed by PT13a (7.2%), PT15 (6.4%), and PT4 (4.5%). Thirty-one (6.4%) strains were non-typeable. As many as 128 (26.3%) strains showed hydrophobicity in the hydrocarbon xylene adherence assay, with the highest percentages of highly hydrophobic strains being found among the following phage types: PT9a (84.6%), PT25 (81.8%), PT15 (54.8%) and PT8 (23.4%). Motility ≥ 50 mm was observed in 294 (60.4%) strains and visible biofilm was formed in the test tube assay in different degrees by 448 (91.9%) strains. The capacity of in vitro biofilm formation is indicative of a high virulence potential of the study strains. The 60 kb serovar-specific virulence plasmid was present in 467 (95.9%) strains. Clear correlation between phage types and particular virulence markers was not revealed in the study set of strains. The obtained in vitro results are suggestive of flexibility of Salmonella Enteritidis in infecting the host.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• fagotypizace klasifikace   metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• faktory virulence analýza   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• plazmidy analýza   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Salmonella enteritidis izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Anticipating how epidemics will spread across landscapes requires understanding host dispersal events that are notoriously difficult to measure. Here, we contrast host and virus genetic signatures to resolve the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying geographic expansions of vampire bat rabies virus (VBRV) in Peru. Phylogenetic analysis revealed recent viral spread between populations that, according to extreme geographic structure in maternally inherited host mitochondrial DNA, appeared completely isolated. In contrast, greater population connectivity in biparentally inherited nuclear microsatellites explained the historical limits of invasions, suggesting that dispersing male bats spread VBRV between genetically isolated female populations. Host nuclear DNA further indicated unanticipated gene flow through the Andes mountains connecting the VBRV-free Pacific coast to the VBRV-endemic Amazon rainforest. By combining Bayesian phylogeography with landscape resistance models, we projected invasion routes through northern Peru that were validated by real-time livestock rabies mortality data. The first outbreaks of VBRV on the Pacific coast of South America could occur by June 2020, which would have serious implications for agriculture, wildlife conservation, and human health. Our results show that combining host and pathogen genetic data can identify sex biases in pathogen spatial spread, which may be a widespread but underappreciated phenomenon, and demonstrate that genetic forecasting can aid preparedness for impending viral invasions.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• Chiroptera virologie   MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• typy dědičnosti genetika   MeSH
• virus vztekliny genetika   MeSH
• vzteklina epidemiologie   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Peru epidemiologie   MeSH

The psychrophilic (cold-loving) fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans was discovered more than a decade ago to be the pathogen responsible for white-nose syndrome, an emerging disease of North American bats causing unprecedented population declines. The same species of fungus is found in Europe but without associated mortality in bats. We found P. destructans was infected with a mycovirus [named Pseudogymnoascus destructans partitivirus 1 (PdPV-1)]. The virus is bipartite, containing two double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments designated as dsRNA1 and dsRNA2. The cDNA sequences revealed that dsRNA1 dsRNA is 1,683 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes 539 amino acids (molecular mass of 62.7 kDa); dsRNA2 dsRNA is 1,524 bp in length with an ORF that encodes 434 amino acids (molecular mass of 46.9 kDa). The dsRNA1 ORF contains motifs representative of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whereas the dsRNA2 ORF sequence showed homology with the putative capsid proteins (CPs) of mycoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses with PdPV-1 RdRp and CP sequences indicated that both segments constitute the genome of a novel virus in the family Partitiviridae. The purified virions were isometric with an estimated diameter of 33 nm. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and sequencing revealed that all US isolates and a subset of Czech Republic isolates of P. destructans were infected with PdPV-1. However, PdPV-1 appears to be not widely dispersed in the fungal genus Pseudogymnoascus, as non-pathogenic fungi P. appendiculatus (1 isolate) and P. roseus (6 isolates) tested negative. P. destructans PdPV-1 could be a valuable tool to investigate fungal biogeography and the host-pathogen interactions in bat WNS.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota izolace a purifikace   virologie   MeSH
• Chiroptera mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dvouvláknová RNA genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mykoviry genetika   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• RNA virová genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• virové proteiny chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci causes mass mortalities of European crayfish. Different species of North American crayfish, original hosts of this parasite, seem to carry different strains of A. astaci. So far, four distinct genotype groups have been recognised using Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). We succeeded in isolating A. astaci from the spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus, a widespread invader in Europe, and confirmed that this species carries a novel A. astaci genotype. Improving knowledge on the diversity of this parasite may facilitate identification of genotypes in mass mortalities of European crayfish, thus tracing the sources of infection.

• MeSH
• Aphanomyces klasifikace   genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• DNA fungální analýza   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• infekce veterinární   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• severní raci mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The yeast Magnusiomyces capitatus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing rare yet severe infections, especially in patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we report the 20.2 megabase genome sequence of an environmental strain of this species as well as the genome sequences of eight additional isolates from human and animal sources providing an insight into intraspecies variation. The distribution of single-nucleotide variants is indicative of genetic recombination events, supporting evidence for sexual reproduction in this heterothallic yeast. Using RNAseq-aided annotation, we identified genes for 6518 proteins including several expanded families such as kexin proteases and Hsp70 molecular chaperones. Several of these families are potentially associated with the ability of M. capitatus to infect and colonize humans. For the purpose of comparative analysis, we also determined the genome sequence of a closely related yeast, Magnusiomyces ingens. The genome sequences of M. capitatus and M. ingens exhibit many distinct features and represent a basis for further comparative and functional studies.

• MeSH
• anotace sekvence MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom fungální * MeSH
• genomika * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• multigenová rodina MeSH
• mykózy mikrobiologie   MeSH
• oportunní infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rekombinace genetická MeSH
• Saccharomycetales klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   patogenita   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH