Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on employee well-being, mental health, and resilience. The objective of this observational study was to explore the mutual relationships among the dimensions of self-compassion and particular characteristics of work-related well-being: work engagement, workaholism (excessive and compulsive work), and job boredom in a population of early career workers. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, 286 master's students with proper working experience were examined; results from 244 respondents were suitable for further data analysis. The Self-compassion Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Dutch Work Addiction Scale, and Dutch Boredom Scale were administered. Spearman's rank correlation analysis found a positive relationship between work engagement and excessive work and a negative relationship between work engagement and job boredom. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between compulsive work and negative subscales of the Self-compassion Scale. Structural equation modeling indicated that workaholism was a mediator between the negative scales of self-compassion and work engagement with job boredom. In conclusion, the negative aspects of self-compassion (isolation, self-judgment, and over-identification) are related to the symptoms of workaholism in young workers. Self-compassion-based interventions could help prevent the negative effects of compulsive and excessive work. Possible age-related explanations for the positive relationship between work engagement and workaholism (i.e., excessive work) are discussed. Future longitudinal research could identify the dynamics of the connection between self-compassion and work-related well-being from a long-term perspective.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Brucellosis is a zoonosis with non-specific clinical symptoms involving multiple systems and organs. Its prevalence is low in most of EU countries, which can lead to the difficulties in laboratory and clinical diagnostic. Due to its relationship to the Ochrobactrum spp., it may be misclassified in rapid identification systems. We present a case of a 13-year-old immunocompetent girl who was examined several times for fever, fatigue, night sweats and weight loss; laboratory results showed mildly elevated C-reactive protein, anaemia and leukopenia. Four weeks before the onset of symptoms, she had been on a family holiday in Egypt. Given her symptoms, a haemato-oncological or autoimmune disease was considered more likely. The diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis was made after 4 months. The main reasons for this delay were as follows: low specificity of clinical symptoms, delay in completing the travel history, inconclusive initial serological results and misidentification of the blood culture isolate as Ochrobactrum sp. Even in countries with a low incidence of brucellosis, it is essential to educate healthcare professionals about the disease. Low specificity of symptoms and limited experience of laboratory staff may lead to late diagnosis with risk of complications and poor outcome. If Ochrobactrum spp. is detected in clinical specimens by rapid identification, careful re-evaluation must follow and all measures to prevent laboratory-acquired infections must be taken until Brucella spp. is unequivocally excluded.

• MeSH
• bakteriemie * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Brucella izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• brucelóza * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• chybná diagnóza * MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• horečka * mikrobiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Ochrobactrum * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• spondylitida mikrobiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Egypt MeSH

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the duration of culture-viable SARS-CoV-2 and to monitor the emergence of mutations in a cohort of 23 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from June 2022 to June 2023. Combined nares/oropharyngeal swabs were collected weekly starting as soon as possible after symptom onset. The time from symptom onset to a negative culture was 11 days (interquartile range, 8-14), while the time to negative reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was 18 days (interquartile range, 15-30). Beyond the first swab, 21.7% had a positive culture, and 8.7% replicated viable virus for longer than 30 days. T cell depletion (rate ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.9-3.3; P < .001) and time from transplantation (rate ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97; P = .006) were associated with the time of viable virus shedding. A cycle threshold value of 24.2 demonstrated a 91.3% negative predictive value of viability (95% credible interval [95% CrI], 76-100). The odds of viability decreased by 69% per week of infection (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CrI, 0.12-0.76). Overall, ribonucleic acid sequencing did not show accelerated molecular evolution though mutation rate could be increased in molnupiravir-treated KTRs. In conclusion, viable SARS-CoV-2 is eliminated rapidly, the risk of virus evolution is low, and prolonged self-isolation is generally unnecessary for most KTRs.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * virologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• příjemce transplantátu * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * MeSH
• vylučování virů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

In an asymptomatic population, we investigated the relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cartilage T2 relaxation time at the knee joint level. Fourteen and 17 participants with high and normal levels of HbA1c were recruited, respectively. A blood sample was used to determine the HbA1c level. T2 relaxation time (T2) of the superficial and deep parts of the femoral cartilage in the anterior, central, and posterior topographical sites was calculated using magnetic resonance (1.5 T) images. Each participant completed a knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score questionnaire (KOOS) and a series of biomechanical analyses while running at their self-selected speed. The group with a high level of HbA1c had a lower score of KOOS symptoms than the other group (P < 0.05). HbA1c was found to be negatively related to the KOOS symptoms score. The group with a high level of HbA1c had low T2 values in all of the investigated topographical sites of the knee femoral cartilage (P < 0.05 in all cases). T2 was negatively correlated with HbA1c levels in all investigated knee femoral cartilage regions. Our data suggest that the subjects with high levels of HbA1c were those with low knee joint symptoms and lower values of T2. These results indicate that HbA1c could be correlated with cartilage deterioration due to its ability to dehydrate collagen fibre, possibly acting as a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin * metabolismus   MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka * metabolismus   MeSH
• kolenní kloub * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alergická rhinitida je onemocnění s vysokou prevalencí. Maximum výskytu je u dětí a v mladším dospělém věku. Odhadem až 500 milionů lidí celosvětově trpí příznaky a onemocnění má významné socioekonomické dopady. Snižuje kvalitu života pacientů a pracovní výkonnost. U dětí zhoršuje soustředění, studijní výsledky a může mít vliv i na poruchy chování. Jedná se o neinfekční zánětlivé onemocnění nosní sliznice na podkladě IgE zprostředkované imunitní odpovědi, která se rozvíjí po kontaktu s alergenem. Alergická rýma je typickým příkladem imunopatologické reakce I. typu. Je často součástí komorbidních stavů jako asthma bronchiale, alergická konjunktivitida nebo atopická dermatitida. Může se podílet na rozvoji chronické rhinosinusitidy. Pro diagnostiku je zásadní podrobná anamnéza s odhalením spouštěčů a časových sousledností. Diferenciálně diagnosticky je třeba odlišit typické příznaky (kýchání, svědění, vodnatá sekrece z nosu, nosní obturace) od jiných projevů. Přítomnost alergické senzibilizace lze většinou prokázat pomocí kožních prick testů. Nové metody molekulární alergologie pomohou zpřesnit alergenovou diagnostiku. Komponentová diagnostika pomocí rekombinantních alergenů může odhalit zkřížené reakce. Nosní provokační testy spolu s rhinomanometrií nebo hodnocením vizuální analogové škály mohou být efektivní u lokální alergické rhinitidy, kde jsou kožní testy i laboratorní hodnoty negativní. Terapeutické postupy spočívají v eliminaci alergenu a ve vícestupňové individualizované medikamentózní léčbě.

Allergic rhinitis is a disease with a high prevalence. The maximum incidence is in children and young adults. It is estimated that up to 500 million people worldwide suffer from symptoms and the disease has significant socioeconomic impacts. It reduces the quality of life of patients, work performance. In children, it impairs concentration, academic performance and can also affect behavioral disorders. It is a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa based on an IgE-mediated immune response that develops after contact with an allergen. AR is a typical example of a type I immunopathological reaction. It is often part of comorbid conditions such as bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis or atopic dermatitis. It can contribute to the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. A detailed history with the detection of triggers and time sequences is essential for diagnosis. Differential diagnosis requires distinguishing typical symptoms (sneezing, itching, watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction). Specific allergen sensitisation can usually be determined using skin prick tests. New methods of molecular allergology can improve allergen diagnostics. Component diagnostics using recombinant allergens can reveal crossreactions. Nasal provocation tests together with rhinomanometry or visual analogue scale assessment can be effective in local allergic rhinitis, where skin tests and laboratory values are negative. Therapeutic procedures consist of allergen elimination and multi-stage individualized pharmacological treatment.

People worldwide are confronted with environmental and sociopolitical stressors that act as potent sources of subjective uncertainty. The uncertainty arising in response to the volatility and unpredictability of adversities is amplified by their representation or misrepresentation in media news. While the causal effect of media news on vicarious traumatization has been well established, we argue that the impact of negative media news is principally related to distress and anxiety stemming from the uncertainty-inducing effect of media representations of the state of the world. As a growing body of research suggests, minimizing uncertainty related to global stressors is a significant driver of media news use. However, extensive media exposure perpetuates stress and is associated with symptoms of psychopathology. The self-perpetuating vicious circle of worry and excessive media consumption has been amply confirmed by new research related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, attempts to alleviate stress and anxiety stemming from uncertainties often result in maladaptive strategies. In particular, the adoption of rigid behavioral patterns may prompt various forms of socially detrimental behavior. Critical factors in prevention and remediation include limiting media overexposure and implementing therapeutic interventions that focus on increasing tolerance to uncertainty.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 psychologie   MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• hromadné sdělovací prostředky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nejistota MeSH
• psychický stres * psychologie   etiologie   MeSH
• úzkost psychologie   etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The perception of a voice in the absence of an external auditory source-an auditory verbal hallucination-is a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia. To better understand this phenomenon requires integration of findings across behavioural, functional, and neurochemical levels. We address this with a locally adapted MEGA-PRESS sequence incorporating interleaved unsuppressed water acquisitions, allowing concurrent assessment of behaviour, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional changes, Glutamate + Glutamine (Glx), and GABA, synchronised with a cognitive (flanker) task. We acquired data from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 51 patients with psychosis (predominantly schizophrenia spectrum disorder) and hallucinations, matched to healthy controls. Consistent with the notion of an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, we hypothesized differential effects for Glx and GABA between groups, and aberrant dynamics in response to task. Results showed impaired task performance, lower baseline Glx and positive association between Glx and BOLD in patients, contrasting a negative correlation in healthy controls. Task-related increases in Glx were observed in both groups, with no significant difference between groups. No significant effects were observed for GABA. These findings suggest that a putative excitatory/inhibitory imbalance affecting inhibitory control in the ACC is primarily observed as tonic, baseline glutamate differences, rather than GABAergic effects or aberrant dynamics in relation to a task.

• MeSH
• cingulární gyrus metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• GABA * metabolismus   MeSH
• glutamin metabolismus   MeSH
• halucinace * metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina glutamová * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• psychotické poruchy * metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Identifying biological markers to guide treatment decisions in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is essential for improving patient outcomes. This longitudinal study investigated DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns and DNAm-derived cell-type proportions (CTP) in blood and associated them with response to risperidone treatment, a second-generation antipsychotic drug, in antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients. We also explored longitudinal changes in DNAm associated with risperidone treatment. We profiled DNAm in 114 individuals before (anFEP) and after two months of risperidone treatment using microarrays. The main results were compared with 115 healthy controls and validated in an independent cohort of subjects with schizophrenia (n = 26) with one-month follow-up data. We identified 302 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with treatment response, measured by changes in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score, of which 16 were validated in the independent cohort. Sixteen differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were associated with response, with one (in SIPA1L3) being validated. A decrease in B-cell proportions was correlated with symptom improvement in both cohorts. Additionally, four DMPs associated with risperidone treatment were identified: two related to the psychotic state and two specifically to risperidone treatment. DNAm-derived CTP showed alterations in anFEP compared with controls, particularly in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, which normalized after treatment. These findings suggest that DNAm, particularly in B-cells, may be a promising marker for monitoring response to risperidone treatment in schizophrenia. Our longitudinal study revealed novel and known genes that may be regulated by risperidone and could be used as response markers to improve prognosis in schizophrenia and FEP.

• MeSH
• antipsychotika * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• metylace DNA * účinky léků   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• psychotické poruchy * farmakoterapie   genetika   krev   MeSH
• risperidon * terapeutické užití   farmakologie   MeSH
• schizofrenie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alergie na pyly břízovitých stromů je narůstajícím problémem průmyslových zemí. Onemocnění se vyvíjí u predisponovaných osob v důsledku inhalace pylových zrn břízy a dalších příbuzných stromů. Klinické projevy alergie na pyl jarních stromů (sezónní alergická rhinokonjunktivitis, sezónní alergické astma bronchiale a sekundární pylově potravinový syndrom) mají signifikantně negativní vliv na kvalitu života pacientů. Tento přehledový článek pojednává o taxonomii stromů, zkřížené reaktivitě mezi nimi a mezi relevantními potravinami, epidemiologii, vlivu klimatických změn a v neposlední řadě o možnostech léčby včetně alergenové imunoterapie.

Tree pollen allergy presents an increasing problem in industrialized countries. This disease develops in sensitised people after inhalation of pollen grains of birch and other related trees. Clinical symptoms of tree pollen allergy (seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, seasonal asthma bronchiale and secondary pollen food syndrome) have significant negative impact on the quality of life in these patients. The purpose of this review is to touch the taxonomy of the trees, describe cross-reactivity of relevant allergens, prevalence, the influence of climatic changes and to stress the importance of allergen immunotherapy as a disease modifying treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• zkřížená reaktivita, pylově potravinový syndrom,
• MeSH
• bříza škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• břízovité škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• desenzibilizace imunologická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sezónní alergická rýma * patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Elderly hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare and concurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) are considered at high risk of IBD-related complications. We aimed to evaluate the short-,intermediate-, and long-term post-discharge complications among these patients. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter cohort study assessing outcomes of elderly individuals (≥60 years) hospitalized for an IBD flare who were tested for CDI (either positive or negative) and discharged. The primary outcome was the 3-month post-discharge IBD-related complication rates defined as steroid dependency, re-admissions (emergency department or hospitalization), IBD-related surgery, or mortality. We assessed post-discharge IBD-related complications within 6 month and mortality at 12 month among secondary outcomes. Risk factors for complication were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: In a cohort of 654 patients hospitalized for IBD {age 68.9 (interquartile range [IQR]): 63.9-75.2 years, 60.9% ulcerative colitis (UC)}, 23.4% were CDI-positive. Post-discharge complication rates at 3 and 6 months, and 12 months mortality, did not differ significantly between CDI-positive and CDI-negative patients (32% vs 33.1%, p = 0.8; 40.5% vs 42.5%, p = 0.66; and 4.6% vs 8%, p = 0.153, respectively). The Charlson comorbidity index was the only significant risk factor for complications within 3 months (aOR 1.1), whereas mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA]) use was protective (aOR 0.6). An UC diagnosis was the sole risk factor for complication at 6 months (aOR 1.5). Clostridioides difficile infection did not significantly impact outcomes or interact with IBD type. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly IBD patients hospitalized for IBD flare and subsequently discharged, a concurrent CDI infection was not associated with post-discharge IBD-related complications or mortality up to 1 year.

• MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * komplikace   MeSH
• klostridiové infekce * komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• propuštění pacienta MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• syndrom vzplanutí nemoci MeSH
• znovupřijetí pacienta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH