V souboru 41 dospělých pacientů (18 s levostrannou operací, 23 s pravostrannou) bylo posouzení intelektové výkonnosti provedeno metodou WAIS-R, hodnocení paměti metodou WMS-R (u malé části WMS). Kromě porovnání průměrných hodnot byly použity tři metody k určování spolehlivé změny u jednotlivců (Franzen, Iverson 2000): metoda standardní odchylky (?SD) a dvě metody spolehlivých diferenčních skórů změny (Chelune a spol., 1993; Atkinson, 1991). Před operací nebyly významné rozdíly mezi skupinami. V průměru 19,7 měsíců po operaci mají nemocní s operací vlevo významně nižší celkové paměťové výkony než nemocní s pravostrannými operacemi (p=0,009). Průměrná změna celkového paměťového výkonu je u operací vlevo záporná, tj. zhoršení (-5,88), u operací vpravo kladná, tj. zlepšení (6,22) (p = 0,001). U levostranných operací ze 17 vyšetřených paměťovou zkouškou došlo po operaci u 3 pacientů (17,6 %) k většímu poklesu paměťové výkonnosti než 1 SD. U pravostranných operaci z 23 vyšetřených u 6 pacientů (26,1 %) došlo k zlepšení o více než 1 SD, u 1 pacienta (4,4 %) k zhoršení o více než 1 SD. Sledování souvisí se snahou zlepšit kvalitu života nemocných, která je dána také změnami v kognitivních funkcích, ke kterým může po operaci dojít.
Goal: The presentation assesses the relationship of the postsurgery cognitive changes to the side of surgery. Methods: In the sample of 41 adult patients (18 left-sided surgery, 23 right -sided), intelligence was evaluated by WAIS-R, memory by WMS-R (in a few patients by WMS). We used a comparison of average values of groups and three methods of reliable change indices (RCI) in individuals (Franzen, Iverson, 2000): standard deviation (?SD), and two methods of reliable difference scores by Chelune et al. (1993) and by Atkinson (1991). Results: There were no significant differences between groups in cognitive functions before surgery. On the average 19.7 months after surgery, patients with left-sided surgery have significantly lower general memory than patients with right-sided surgery (p=0.009). The average change between pre- and postsurgical general memory is negative, e.i. worsening (-5.88) in left-sided surgery, and positive, e.i. improving (6.22) in right-sided surgery (p=0.001). In left-sided surgery, 17 patients were evaluated by memory test out of whom, after surgery, 3 patients' (17.6%) memory declined more than 1 SD. In the right-sided surgery, 23 patients were evaluated, out of whom, after surgery, 6 patients (26.1%) improved more than 1 SD, 1 patient (4.4%) declined more than 1 SD. Conclusion: Evaluation of neuropsychological changes relates to efforts to improve patients' quality of life, dependent not only on epileptological efficiency of surgery, but also on changes in cognitive, especially memory functioning, which are possible after surgery.
- MeSH
- Epilepsy surgery complications psychology MeSH
- Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
- Cognition Disorders diagnosis psychology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations classification MeSH
- Neurosurgical Procedures adverse effects MeSH
- Neuropsychology methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Memory Disorders diagnosis psychology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Dizocilpine Maleate administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Nitro Compounds administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Huntington Disease chemically induced MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Brain drug effects MeSH
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations drug effects MeSH
- Neurotoxins administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Exploratory Behavior drug effects MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Propionates administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
Methamphetamine is a potent and highly addictive psychostimulant, and one of the most widely used illicit drugs. Over recent years, its global usage and seizure have been on a rapid rise, with growing detrimental effects on mental and physical health, and devastating psychosocial impact pressing for intervention. Among the unwanted effects of methamphetamine, acute and long-term sleep impairments are of major concern, posing a significant therapeutic challenge, and a cause of addiction relapse. Unraveling mechanisms and functional correlates of methamphetamine-related sleep and circadian disruption are, therefore, of key relevance to translational and clinical psychiatry. In this article, we review the mounting evidence for the acute and long-term impairements of sleep-wake behavior and circadian activity caused by single or recurring methamphetamine usage and withdrawal. Factors contributing to the severity of sleep loss and related cognitive deficit, with risks of relapse are discussed. Key molecular players mediating methamphetamine-induced dopamine release and neuromodulation are considered, with wake-promoting effects in mesolimbic circuits. The effects on various sleep phases and related changes in dopamine levels in selected subcortical structures are reviewed and compared to other psychostimulants with similar action mechanisms. A critical appraisal is presented of the therapeutic use of modafinil, countering sleep, and circadian rhythm impairments. Finally, emerging knowledge gaps and methodical limitations are highlighted along with the areas for future research and therapeutic translation.
Background: The degree of blood pH affects the fundamental function of vitamin D, which is to maintain calcium and phosphorus as well as many other biochemical, neurological, and behavioural activities the difference in blood pH impacts the levels of calcium and vitamin D in the blood, and it is also in charge of ensuring that calcium levels are suitable and constant.Objective: that blood pH affects the basic function of calcium and phosphorus and vitamin D, the difference in pH affects calcium and vitamin D levels in the blood and is also responsible for keeping calcium levels appropriate and stable.Methods: 7 groups composed of 35 mature female rats were divided at random.Results: After 24 hours, none of the animals died. While stress activity increased with alkaline water, vitamin D3 and calcium levels increased in the acid water group while their concentration decreased with prednisolone, while calcium levels did not change in the alkaline water group. The animals in the two groups of vitamin D3 and acidified water with or without prednisolone moved less in the open field. Along with increased oxidative stress, vitamin D3 with acid water also inhibited cholinesterase activity. The lipid profile in the blood is impacted by the vitamin D3 group in both acidic and alkaline water.Conclusion: Prednisolone reduces serum levels of vitamin D3. And that acidic water directly affects the toxicity of vitamin D3, while alkaline water significantly reduces toxicity.
- MeSH
- Blood Chemical Analysis methods instrumentation MeSH
- Cholecalciferol administration & dosage pharmacology toxicity MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration * MeSH
- Rats blood MeSH
- Models, Animal MeSH
- Neurologic Manifestations MeSH
- Drinking Water * analysis adverse effects MeSH
- Prednisolone administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Calcium analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Rats blood MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The cerebellum hosts more than half of all neurons of the human brain, with their organized activity playing a key role in coordinating motor functions. Cerebellar activity has also been implicated in the control of speech, communication, and social behavior, which are compromised in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite major research advances, there is a shortage of mechanistic data relating cellular and molecular changes in the cerebellum to autistic behavior. We studied the impact of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 haploinsufficiency (Tsc2+/-) with downstream mTORC1 hyperactivity on cerebellar morphology and cellular organization in 1, 9, and 18 m.o. Eker rats, to determine possible structural correlates of an autism-like behavioural phenotype in this model. We report a greater developmental expansion of the cerebellar vermis, owing to enlarged white matter and thickened molecular layer. Histochemical and immunofluorescence data suggest age-related demyelination of central tract of the vermis, as evident from reduced level of myelin-basic protein in the arbora vitae. We also observed a higher number of astrocytes in Tsc2+/- rats of older age while the number of Purkinje cells (PCs) in these animals was lower than in wild-type controls. Unlike astrocytes and PCs, Bergmann glia remained unaltered at all ages in both genotypes, while the number of microglia was higher in Tsc2+/- rats of older age. The convergent evidence for a variety of age-dependent cellular changes in the cerebellum of rats associated with mTORC1 hyperactivity, thus, predicts an array of functional impairments, which may contribute to the developmental onset of an autism-like behavioral phenotype in this model. LAY SUMMARY: This study elucidates the impact of constitutive mTORC1 hyperactivity on cerebellar morphology and cellular organization in a rat model of autism and epilepsy. It describes age-dependent degeneration of Purkinje neurons, with demyelination of central tract as well as activation of microglia, and discusses the implications of these changes for neuro-behavioral phenotypes. The described changes provide new indications for the putative mechanisms underlying cerebellar impairments with their age-related onset, which may contribute to the pathobiology of autism, epilepsy, and related disorders.
- MeSH
- Autistic Disorder * MeSH
- Demyelinating Diseases * complications metabolism MeSH
- Epilepsy * complications MeSH
- Phenotype MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cerebellum metabolism MeSH
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 genetics metabolism MeSH
- Autism Spectrum Disorder * MeSH
- Tuberous Sclerosis MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Klimakterium, česky tradičně nazývané přechod, je termlnální fáze reprodukčního období života ženy. Začátek přechodu je u žen individuální a je ovlivněn řadou faktorů, např. systémovým onemocněním, nutričním stavem, hereditární dispozicí, etnickými vlivy aj. Předčasné vyvolání nástupu přechodu může být vyvoláno rovněž onemocněním vaječníků nebo iatrogenním zásahem - kastrací. Když žena přichází do přechodu a symptomatologle se projevuje celou škálou příznaků, je na místě včasné zahájení racionální hormonální substituční léčby, které je nejvhodnější profylaxí všech klimakterických potíží a následných orgánových postižení způsobených karencí estrogenů.
- MeSH
- Arteriosclerosis MeSH
- Estrogens deficiency MeSH
- Climacteric MeSH
- Menopause MeSH
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations MeSH
- Osteoporosis MeSH
- Postmenopause MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Prezentujeme kazuistiku 69letého muže s atypickým průběhem demence s parkinsonizmem a progredujícími závažnými poruchami chování. Klinický obraz evokoval demenci s Lewyho tělísky nebo frontotemporální demenci s parkinsonizmem. Poněkud atypický průběh a rychlý vývoj nemoci lze vysvětlit neuropatologickým nálezem komorbidity dvou neurodegenerativních entit. V popředí byla plně vyvinutá forma demence s Lewyho tělísky, v mozkové tkáni byly přítomny i markery Alzheimerovy nemoci, ale vyvinuty v menší míře a difúzněji. To mohlo korelovat s absencí klinické manifestace progresivní amnestické demence, která je pro Alzheimerovu nemoc typická. Post mortem se podařilo shromáždit dostatek informací a kompletně zmapovat průběh onemocnění od prvních příznaků až k definitivní neuropatologické diagnóze.
We describe a case of a 69-year-old man with an atypical course of dementia with Parkinsonism and progressive severe behavioral abnormalities. Clinical presentation was compatible with dementia with Lewy bodies or frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism. The rapid and atypical progression was related to neuropathological findings of two co-morbid neurodegenerative entities. Fully developed dementia with Lewy bodies predominated, while markers of Alzheimer’s disease were also present in the brain tissue. However, their less expressed and more widespread distribution was probably related to the absence of clinical manifestations of progressive amnestic dementia, a typical symptom of Alzheimer’s disease. We retrospectively completed missing data and retraced the clinical course from the first disease manifestations to the definite neuropathological diagnosis. Key words: delirium – dementia with Lewy bodies –Alzheimer’s disease – frontotemporal dementia – differential diagnosis – parkinsonism The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.
- MeSH
- Alzheimer Disease * diagnosis physiopathology MeSH
- Medical History Taking MeSH
- Antipsychotic Agents MeSH
- Apraxias MeSH
- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms MeSH
- Lewy Body Disease * diagnosis physiopathology MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Dyskinesias MeSH
- Geriatric Psychiatry MeSH
- Hallucinations MeSH
- Hospitalization MeSH
- Interpersonal Relations MeSH
- Disease Attributes MeSH
- Cognition Disorders MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations physiology MeSH
- Family MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cíl práce: cílem práce bylo vyhodnotit výskyt neuropsychiatrických změn v souboru hospitalizovaných pacientů s patologickými koncentracemi digoxinu v plazmě a jejich korelaci s ostatními projevy digitalisové intoxikace. Použitá metoda: provedli jsme analýzu klinických a laboratorních údajů včetně farmakoterapie z dokumentace pacientů hospitalizovaných za posledních 36 měsíců. Výsledky: u 171 pacientů jsme zaznamenali plazmatické koncentrace nad 2 ng/ml, klinické projevy intoxikace jsme zjistili u 106 pacientů a byly vyjádřeny u všech s plazmatickou koncentrací nad 3 ng/ml. Neuropsychiatrické projevy jsme zaznamenali u 15 % pacientů s patologickými koncentracemi digoxinu v plazmě. Závěry: neuropsychiatrické projevy jsou nespecifické, jejich diagnóza může být obtížná, zejména u starých nemocných. Menší výskyt v našem souboru je dán retrospektivním hodnocením. Rizikovým faktorem intoxikace byl vysoký věk a porucha renálních funkcí. Vzhledem k současně užívaným lékům se na zvýšených koncentracích digoxinu mohly významně podílet lékové interakce.
Aim of study: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of neuropsychiatric changes in a group of patients hospitalized with pathological plasma digoxin levels and to correlate these changes with other manifestations of digitalis intoxication. Method: We analyzed clinical and laboratory data including drug therapy data obtained from the medical records of patients hospitalized over the last 36 months. Results: Plasma digoxin levels above 2 ng/ml were seen in 171 patients, clinical manifestations of intoxication were demonstrated in 106 patients, and present in all patients with plasma levels above 3 ng/ml. Neuropsychiatric manifestations were noted in 15 % of all patients. Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric manifestations are not specific, and they may be difficult to diagnose, especially in elderly patients. Their lower incidence in our group of patients is due to the retrospective nature of our analysis. Risk factors of intoxication included very old age and renal dysfunction. Because of the concomitant use of drugs, drug interactions may have played a significant role in the elevated digoxin levels.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with 1-3% prevalence. OCD is characterized by recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). The pathophysiology of OCD remains unclear, stressing the importance of pre-clinical studies. The aim of this article is to critically review a proposed animal model of OCD that is characterized by the induction of compulsive checking and behavioral sensitization to the D2/D3 dopamine agonist quinpirole. Changes in this model have been reported at the level of brain structures, neurotransmitter systems and other neurophysiological aspects. In this review, we consider these alterations in relation to the clinical manifestations in OCD, with the aim to discuss and evaluate axes of validity of this model. Our analysis shows that some axes of validity of quinpirole sensitization model (QSM) are strongly supported by clinical findings, such as behavioral phenomenology or roles of brain structures. Evidence on predictive validity is contradictory and ambiguous. It is concluded that this model is useful in the context of searching for the underlying pathophysiological basis of the disorder because of the relatively strong biological similarities with OCD.
- MeSH
- Quinpirole adverse effects MeSH
- Behavior, Animal MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations MeSH
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder * physiopathology MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
