perception of risk
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Začátkem 90. let byl iniciován proces poznávání a snižování zdravotních a environmentálních rizik, který v současné době přechází v proces jejich řízení a redukce. Odhad zdravotních rizik a jejich následné řízení je jednou z povinností určenou hygienické službě zákonem 258/2000 Sb., zákon o ochraně veřejného zdraví. Součástí procesu komunikace a řízení rizik je také zapojení veřejnosti. Je důležité zjistit, jak lidé posuzují rizika, s nimiž se denně setkávají. Je potřebné vědět, která rizika považují za významná, a zda jsou schopni a ochotni je ovlivnit. Znalost fungováni mechanismů vnímání rizika je nezbytným předpokladem pro zapojení veřejnosti do procesu řízení technologických rizik. Článek poskytuje teoretická východiska k pochopení základních principů vnímání a komunikace rizika.
At the beginning of the nineties the process of environmental health risks assessment and reduction was initiated which at present is developing into the process of risk management and risk control. Health risks assessment and their subsequent control is one of the duties of the hygiene service laid down in Act 258/2000, i.e. the Act of public health protection. A part of the process of risk communication and risk management is also involvement of public. It is important to assess how people evaluate risks they encounter in everyday life. It is important to know which risks they consider important and whether they are able and willing to resolve them. Knowledge of the mechanism of risk perception is an essential prerequisite for public involvement in the process of technological risk management. The article provides theoretical framework needed to understand basic principles of risk perception and risk communication.
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik klasifikace organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- komunikace MeSH
- komunikační média využití MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- veřejné mínění MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
... -- Paul Slovic, Baruch Fischhoff and Sarah Lichtenstein 137 v i The Perception of Risk -- 9 Response ... ... -- Paul Slovic 1 g 2 -- 12 Perception of Risk from Automobile Safety Defects -- Paul Slovic, Donald ... ... G MacGregor and Nancy N Kraus 1 99 -- 13 Perception of Risk -- Paul Slovic 220 -- 14 The Social Amplification ... ... Therapeutic Risk -- Paul Slovic 246 -- 16 Perception of Risk from Radiation -- Paul Slovic 264 -- 17 ... ... Smokers Know the Risks? ...
1st ed. 473 s.
Birth defects, original article series ; Vol. 23 No. 2
333 s. : obr., tab.
Práca sa zaoberá hodnotením rizika liekov s dôrazom na skupinu psychofarmák. Autori hodnotia percepciu rizika v súvislosti s faktormi ovplyvňujúcimi preskripciu liekov a so systémom monitorovania nežiaducich účinkov v medicínskej praxi. Poukazujú na nízku frekvenciu hlásením nežiaducich účinkov v Slovenskej republike, kde pretrváva v spontánnom monitorovaní veľmi nízka aktivita psychiatrov a neurológov. Analyzujú niektoré príčiny nízkej percepcie rizika liekov a hľadajú možnosti prevencie.
An article concerns on drugs risks evaluation with emphasis to psychopharmaceuticals. Authors evaluate perception of risk connected with drug-s prescription influencing factors and a system of adverse events monitoring in medical practice. They refer to low adverse events reports level in Slovak Republic, where low activity of psychiatrists and neurologists persists in spontaneous monitoring. Authors analyse some reasons for low perception of drug risks and seek for possibilities of prevention.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- programy řízené péče MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- školy MeSH
- učení MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Risk Assessment: The qualified expert assessment of potential ecological/environmental and health risks rising from the planned industrial, transport and waste treatment facilities and other construction activities becomes indispensable. Whereas the initial phase of risk assessment, its identification or potential human exposure are of pure scientific character, the actual risk assessment increasingly assumes the arbitrary aspects (e.g. safety coefficients), risk communication, its control and management by way of psychological aspects; collective decision making then becomes a hotly debated political issue. Risk Perception: When evaluating perception of environmental risks, psychosocial and psychosomatic factors may be of fundamental importance. This is the case in particular where our knowledge of the true health consequences of exposure to given factor is incomplete or its action is within the range of values where we do not anticipate the measurable biological effect. This applies not only in the case of the indoor environment related complains but also e.g. to that of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation and electro-ionic microclimate. A serious consequence found in the syndrome of mass hysteria is the fact that due to differently motivated disinformation, part of the population can suffer from some psychosomatic symptoms. Those imply objective suffering and deterioration quality of life for those affected. Challenges for Prevention: The prevention of such conditions can either be systematic: early educational or popularisation campaigns, specific health education orientated to the development of industrial, transportation, or other types of constructions, and integration of the local civic activities in the program. The purpose of this should not be a cheap belittling of the risk but reasonable explaining of its acceptable rate, and also the likely advantage to benefit from the realization of the structures. Any later efforts to inform the public about the true state of affairs is usually accepted with distrust and disbelief, in belief this information had been well-paid by the government, industry and market forces, the military or some other institution trying to camouflage the actual condition.
- MeSH
- ekologie * metody MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- primární prevence * metody MeSH
- psychosomatické poruchy * etiologie MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- zohlednění rizika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vnímanie rizika analgetickej liečby je stále aktuálnym problémom medicínskej praxe, nakoľko sa týka veľkej časti pacientov v produktívnom veku. U pacientov s chronickými algickými syndrómami môže voľná dostupnosť niektorých analgetík vyústiť do závažného poškodenia zdravia. Samotné vnímanie rizika analgetík sa premieta najmä do preferencií ich výberu a do hlásení NÚL. Analyzovali sme celkovú spotrebu monokomponentných analgetických prípravkov v SR v rokoch 1998–2002 pomocou WHO metodológie a porovnali s dostupnými údajmi o liekovej spotrebe z Fínska a tiež údajmi z oficiálne hlásených NÚL v SR. V spotrebe nesteroidných antiflogistík-antireumatík v oboch krajinách dominovala preskripcia ibuprofenu a diklofenaku so stúpajúcu tendenciou, klesajúci trend bol zrejmý v spotrebe indometacínu. Preskripcia opioidov bola v SR výrazne nižšia oproti Fínsku, čo súvisí aj s prehnaným vnímaním rizika takejto liečby a následne prináša so sebou nedostatočnú analgetickú liečbu. Hlásené nežiaduce účinky odzrkadľovali skôr zjavné prejavy liekového poškodenia (kožné reakcie). Poznanie nežiaducich účinkov analgetík, spôsobu ich prevencie a aktívnejšia účasť lekára v systéme farmakovigilancie môžu výrazne prispieť ku skvalitneniu tejto liečby nielen z medicínskeho, ale aj z etického aspektu.
Analgesic drug risk perception remains a topical problem of medical practice because it concerns a large proportion of professionally active patients. The OTC availability of analgesics could lead to serious health damage in patients with chronic pain syndromes. Drug risk perception is reflected mostly in preferential drug choice and adverse drug reaction reports. We analyzed the total consumption of analgesic drugs in Slovak Republic between 1998 and 2002 by using WHO methodology and compared it with available data on analgesic drug consumption from Finland as well as with data an adverse drug reaction reports in Slovak Republic. The dominance of diclofenac and ibuprofen consumption with increasing trend has been observed within the group of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in both countries. On the other hand the consumption of indometacine tended to decline. Opioid drugs prescription was markedly lower in Slovakia than in Finland, which could be related to exaggerated risk perception and may result in insufficient pain treatment. Reported adverse drug reactions reflected mostly obvious impacts of drug induced damage (skin reactions). Knowledge of adverse drug reactions including the ways of their prevention and more active participation of medical practitioner in the pharmacovigilance system could be a great contribution to analgetic treatment from both medicinal and ethical viewpoint.
OBJECTIVE: The current study investigated how adolescents perceive their own health risks and compare their own likelihood of health risks with that of others of the same age. Moreover, the study identified the differences in health risk perceptions between males and females. METHODS: A total of 625 adolescents (314 males and 311 females) from the Nowon district, geographically located in northern Seoul, voluntarily participated. In order to measure health risk perceptions a Korean version of self-other risk judgments profile was used. RESULTS: The findings indicated that study participants, regardless of gender and age, tend to underestimate their vulnerability to majority of health risk events. Furthermore, there were significant gender and age differences in health risk perception and perception bias in all health risk domains. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that further research is needed to identify realistic and unrealistic perception mechanism for a large number of people from different demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds.
- MeSH
- Asijci psychologie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- riskování MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Korejská republika MeSH
