phenolate
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The aim of this study was to design an effective method for the bioremediation of coking wastewaters, specifically for the concurrent elimination of their highly toxic components - cyanide and phenols. Almost full degradation of free cyanide (0.32-20 mM; 8.3-520 mg L(-1)) in the model and the real coking wastewaters was achieved by using a recombinant cyanide hydratase in the first step. The removal of cyanide, a strong inhibitor of tyrosinase, enabled an effective degradation of phenols by this enzyme in the second step. Phenol (16.5 mM, 1,552 mg L(-1)) was completely removed from a real coking wastewater within 20 h and cresols (5.0 mM, 540 mg L(-1)) were removed by 66% under the same conditions. The integration of cyanide hydratase and tyrosinase open up new possibilities for the bioremediation of wastewaters with complex pollution.
- MeSH
- fenol metabolismus MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus MeSH
- koks MeSH
- kyanidy metabolismus MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- tyrosinasa MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Acta dermato-venereologica, ISSN 0365-8341 suppl. 119
83 s. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- chromatografie MeSH
- fenol škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- formaldehyd analogy a deriváty škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- fototoxická dermatitida MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- rostlinné exsudáty škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- morčata MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- dermatovenerologie
Flavonoids are associated with positive cardiovascular effects. However, due to their low bioavailability, metabolites are likely responsible for these properties. Recently, one of these metabolites, 4-methylcatechol, was described to be a very potent antiplatelet compound. This study aimed to compare its activity with its 22 close derivatives both of natural or synthetic origin in order to elucidate a potential structure-antiplatelet activity relationship. Blood from human volunteers was induced to aggregate by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen or thrombin, and plasma coagulation was also studied. Potential toxicity was tested on human erythrocytes as well as on a cancer cell line. Our results indicated that 17 out of the 22 compounds were very active at a concentration of 40 μM and, importantly, seven of them had an IC50 on AA-triggered aggregation below 3 μM. The effects of the most active compounds were confirmed on collagen-triggered aggregation too. None of the tested compounds was toxic toward erythrocytes at 50 μM and four compounds partly inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cell line at 100 μM but not at 10 μM. Additionally, none of the compounds had a significant effect on blood coagulation or thrombin-triggered aggregation. This study hence reports four phenol derivatives (4-ethylcatechol, 4-fluorocatechol, 2-methoxy-4-ethylphenol and 3-methylcatechol) suitable for future in vivo testing.
- MeSH
- agregace trombocytů * MeSH
- fenol * MeSH
- fenoly farmakologie MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- trombin farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
44 s. ; 23 cm
We used reversed phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for direct analysis of mycolic acids (MAs) from four different cultivations of Rhodococcus erythropolis. This technique enabled us to identify and quantify the specific molecular species of MAs directly from lipid extracts of the bacterium, including the determination of their basic characteristics such as retention time and mass spectra. We identified a total of 60 molecular species of MAs by means of LC/MS. In collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry, the [M-H](-) ions eliminated two residues, i.e., meroaldehyde and carboxylate anions containing α-alkyl chains. The structural information from these fragment ions affords structural assignment of the mycolic acids, including the lengths and number of double bond(s). Two strains, i.e., R. erythropolis CCM 2595 and genetically modified strain CCM 2595 pSRK 21 phe were cultivated on two different substrates (phenol and phenol with addition of humic acids as a sole carbon source). The addition of humic acids showed that there is a marked increase of unsaturated mycolic acids, mostly in the range of 20-100 %. This effect is more pronounced in the R. erythropolis CCM 2595 strain.
- MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- fenol metabolismus MeSH
- huminové látky MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- kyseliny mykolové chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Rhodococcus chemie metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- uhlík metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Phenol and its derivatives (alkylphenols, halogenated phenols, nitrophenols) are natural or man-made aromatic compounds that are ubiquitous in nature and in human-polluted environments. Many of these substances are toxic and/or suspected of mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. Bioremediation of the polluted soil and water using various bacteria has proved to be a promising option for the removal of these compounds. In this review, we describe a number of peripheral pathways of aerobic and anaerobic catabolism of various natural and xenobiotic phenolic compounds, which funnel these substances into a smaller number of central catabolic pathways. Finally, the metabolites are used as carbon and energy sources in the citric acid cycle. We provide here the characteristics of the enzymes that convert the phenolic compounds and their catabolites, show their genes, and describe regulatory features. The genes, which encode these enzymes, are organized on chromosomes and plasmids of the natural bacterial degraders in various patterns. The accumulated data on similarities and the differences of the genes, their varied organization, and particularly, an astonishingly broad range of intricate regulatory mechanism may be read as an exciting adventurous book on divergent evolutionary processes and horizontal gene transfer events inscribed in the bacterial genomes. In the end, the use of this wealth of bacterial biodegradation potential and the manipulation of its genetic basis for purposes of bioremediation is exemplified. It is envisioned that the integrated high-throughput techniques and genome-level approaches will enable us to manipulate systems rather than separated genes, which will give birth to systems biotechnology.
