processing environment
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
elektronický časopis
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- environmentální vědy
- sociologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- elektronické časopisy
2nd ed. xviii, 826 s. : il. ; 25 cm
- MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Speciální počítačové metody. Počítačová grafika
- NLK Obory
- lékařská informatika
Současná počítačová technika umožňuje nahradit klasický rentgenový snímek (analogový záznam) jeho flexibilnější a univerzálnější digitální verzí. Taje schopna uplatnit všechny své přednosti až v obrazových archivačních a komunikačních systémech PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems). Článek uvádí definici systému, rámcové schéma a popis infrastruktury, která je založena napěti typech propojených počítačových systémů (radiologické zobrazovací systémy, počítače pro sběr dat, řídící počítače, databázové servery a zobrazovací pracovní stanice). Podrobněji je rozebíráno databázové schéma a zdůrazněny požádavky na standardizaci, otevřenou architekturu, bezpečnost a spolehlivost systému.
Computer technology reached the level, when the classical X-ray film can be changed to digital version. Its advantages can be seen only in PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) environment. The necessity of orientation for such systems is analyzed. The definition of PACS and the overall scheme is given in detail. Five computer subsystems form an infrastructure of one such a model ( radiologic imaging system, study acquistion computers, cluster controllers, database servers, display workstations). Need for sophisticated network connection of the system has been ítressed. Standardization, open architecture, connectiity and reliability are important attributes of functionality of such a system.
Biofilm formation (BF) and production in the food processing industry (FPI) is a continual threat to food safety and quality. Various bacterial pathogens possess the ability to adhere and produce biofilms on stainless steel (SS) in the FPI due to flagella, curli, pili, fimbrial adhesins, extra polymeric substances, and surface proteins. The facilitating environmental conditions (temperature, pressure, variations in climatic conditions), SS properties (surface energy, hydrophobicity, surface roughness, topography), type of raw food materials, pre-processing, and processing conditions play a significant role in the enhancement of bacterial adhesion and favorable condition for BF. Furthermore, biofilm formers can tolerate different sanitizers and cleaning agents due to the constituents, concentration, contact time, bacterial cluster distribution, and composition of bacteria within the biofilm. Also, bacterial biofilms' ability to produce various endotoxins and exotoxins when consumed cause food infections and intoxications with serious health implications. It is thus crucial to understand BF's repercussions and develop effective interventions against these phenomena that make persistent pathogens difficult to remove in the food processing environment.
- MeSH
- bakteriální adheze MeSH
- bakteriální infekce prevence a kontrola přenos MeSH
- biofilmy * růst a vývoj MeSH
- dezinfekce MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami * přístrojové vybavení normy MeSH
- nerezavějící ocel * MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Plzeňský lékařský sborník. Supplementum, ISSN 0139-603X suppl. 57/1989
97 s. : tab.
Biofilms are comprised of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix that normally adhere to a surface. In the food processing environment they are suggested to be a source of contamination leading to food spoilage or the transmission of food-borne pathogens. To date, research has mainly focused on the presence of (biofilm-forming) bacteria within food processing environments, without measuring the associated biofilm matrix components. Here, we assessed the presence of biofilms within a meat processing environment, processing pork, poultry and beef, by the detection of microorganisms and at least two biofilm matrix components. Sampling included 47 food contact surfaces and 61 non-food contact surfaces from eleven rooms within an Austrian meat processing plant, either during operation or after cleaning and disinfection. The 108 samples were analysed for the presence of microorganisms by cultivation and targeted quantitative real-time PCR based on 16S rRNA. Furthermore, the presence of the major matrix components carbohydrates, extracellular DNA and proteins was evaluated. Overall, we identified ten biofilm hotspots, among them seven of which were sampled during operation and three after cleaning and disinfection. Five biofilms were detected on food contact surfaces (cutters and associated equipment and a screw conveyor) and five on non-food contact surfaces (drains and water hoses) resulting in 9.3 % of the sites being classified as biofilm positive. From these biofilm positive samples, we cultivated bacteria of 29 different genera. The most prevalent bacteria belonged to the genera Brochothrix (present in 80 % of biofilms), Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter (isolated from 70 % biofilms). From each biofilm we isolated bacteria from four to twelve different genera, indicating the presence of multi-species biofilms. This work ultimately determined the presence of multi-species biofilms within the meat processing environment, thereby identifying various sources of potential contamination. Especially the identification of biofilms in water hoses and associated parts highlights the need of a frequent monitoring at these sites. The knowledge gained about the presence and composition of biofilms (i.e. chemical and microbiological) will help to prevent and reduce biofilm formation within food processing environments.
- MeSH
- biofilmy klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- Brochothrix izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dezinfekce metody MeSH
- drůbež mikrobiologie MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami * MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci přenášené potravou mikrobiologie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Psychrobacter izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Rakousko MeSH
