robots
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viii, 304 s. : il.
Autorka předkládá nástin možností uplatnění sociálních robotů v péči o lidi vyššího věku, se syndromem křehkosti, demence, omezenou soběstačností a dalšími syndromy vyššího věku v různých prostředích života a péče. Vychází z přehledu dosud publikované literatury k této problematice, která se zabývá působením sociálních robotů jak na psychické, tak na somatické funkce a sociální interakce zejména starších lidí s křehkostí a disabilitou.
The author presents a review on effects of social robots on somatic and behavioral functionning, social interactions, psychic functions in older persons with frailty and disability. Considerations about the future possible use of social robots in different environments and in the care for older persons, persons with dementia, frailty, reduced self-sufficiency and geriatric syndromes are based on this review.
BACKGROUND: As Artificial Intelligence and social robots are increasingly used in health and social care, it is imperative to explore the training needs of the workforce, factoring in their cultural background. OBJECTIVES: Explore views on perceived training needs among professionals around the world and how these related to country cultures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive, mixed-methods international online survey. METHODS: Descriptive statistical analysis explored the ranking across countries and relationships with three Hofstede cultural dimensions. Thematic analysis was conducted on the open-ended text responses. RESULTS: A sample of N = 1284 participants from eighteen countries. Knowing the capabilities of the robots was ranked as the top training need across all participating countries and this was also reflected in the thematic analysis. Participants' culture, expressed through three Hofstede's dimensions, revealed statistically significant ranking differences. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should further explore other factors such as the level of digital maturity of the workplace. IMPACT STATEMENT: Training needs of health and social care staff to use robotics are fast growing and preparation should factor in patient safety and be based on the principles of person- and culture-centred care.
- MeSH
- kultura MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- robotika * MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- zdravotnický personál MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIM: This study explored the views of an international sample of registered nurses and midwives working in health and social care concerning socially assistive robots (SARs), and the relationship between dimensions of culture and rejection of the idea that SARs had benefits in these settings. METHODS: An online survey was used to obtain rankings of (among other topics) the extent to which SARs have benefits for health and social care. It also asked for free text responses regarding any concerns about SARs. RESULTS: Most respondents were overwhelmingly positive about SARs' benefits. A small minority strongly rejected this idea, and qualitative analysis of the objections raised by them revealed three major themes: things might go wrong, depersonalization, and patient-related concerns. However, many participants who were highly accepting of the benefits of SARs expressed similar objections. Cultural dimensions of long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance feature prominently in technology acceptance research. Therefore, the relationship between the proportion of respondents from each country who felt that SARs had no benefits and each country's ratings on long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance were also examined. A significant positive correlation was found for long-term orientation, but not for uncertainty avoidance. CONCLUSION: Most respondents were positive about the benefits of SARs, and similar concerns about their use were expressed both by those who strongly accepted the idea that they had benefits and those who did not. Some evidence was found to suggest that cultural factors were related to rejecting the idea that SARs had benefits.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- robotika * metody MeSH
- sociální opora MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Liquid droplets are very simple objects present in our everyday life. They are extremely important for many natural phenomena as well as for a broad variety of industrial processes. The conventional research areas in which the droplets are studied include physical chemistry, fluid mechanics, chemical engineering, materials science, and micro- and nanotechnology. Typical studies include phenomena such as condensation and droplet formation, evaporation of droplets, or wetting of surfaces. The present article reviews the recent literature that employs droplets as animated soft matter. It is argued that droplets can be considered as liquid robots possessing some characteristics of living systems, and such properties can be applied to unconventional computing through maze solving or operation in logic gates. In particular, the lifelike properties and behavior of liquid robots, namely (i) movement, (ii) self-division, and (iii) group dynamics, will be discussed.
Robotická chirurgie umožňuje operatérům snadné a nekomplikované provádění složitých laparoskopických operací, čímž přináší revoluční změny do urologické laparoskopické chirurgie. Bude ji gynekologická chirurgie následovat?
- MeSH
- gynekologické chirurgické výkony metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- robotika přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Úvod: Laparoskopický přístup, který je v současné době hojně využíván mnoha chirurgickými disciplínami, byl na řadě pracovišť, především ve Spojených státech amerických, doplněn o robotický systém da Vinci. V prosinci loňského roku byla v Ústřední vojenské nemocnici Praha zahájena činnost multioborového robotického centra. V rámci zavádění robotické soustavy da Vinci do klinické praxe jsme prováděli roboticky asistovanou laparoskopickou cholecystektomii. Metodika: S pomocí robotického systému da Vinci jsme prováděli elektivní laparoskopickou cholecystektomii. Operační tým (dva operatéři, dvě sálové sestry) absolvoval certifikovaná zahraniční školení. Oba operatéři mají mnohaleté zkušenosti s laparoskopickou cholecystektomií. Po zavedení kapnoperitonea operatér ovládal instrumenty z konzole robotické soustavy, asistent z pomocného portu naložil klipy na pahýly ductus cysticus a arteria cystica. Žlučník jsme z dutiny břišní evakuovali v plastikovém sáčku v místě původního paraumbilikálního portu. Ve všech případech jsme využívali tři robotická ramena, která fixovala operační optiku, operační háček s možností monopolární koagulace a Cadierovy kleště. Sledovali jsme délku operačního výkonu, technické problémy spojené s robotickým systémem, délku hospitalizace a výskyt komplikací. Výsledky: Laparoskopický výkon jsme dokončili u všech nemocných. Soubor pacientů tvořilo 11 mužů (35,5 %) a 20 žen (64,5 %) průměrného věku 52,5 roku, v rozmezí 27–77 let. Průměrná délka operačního výkonu činila 100 minut, ve skupině posledních 11 pacientů pouze 69 minut. U 3 (9,7 %) pacientů jsme zaznamenali sekundární hojení paraumbilikální incize. Technické komplikace spojené s robotickým systémem da Vinci jsme nezaznamenali. Průměrná délka hospitalizace byla 3 dny. Závěr: Po úvodních zkušenostech s roboticky asistovanou cholecystektomií hodnotíme robotický systém da Vinci jako bezpečný a sofistikovaný operační manipulátor, který ale nezastupuje klíčovou roli chirurga s ovládacími a rozhodovacími pravomocemi. Prezentované výsledky našeho souboru jsou srovnatelné se závěry publikovaných zahraničních prací.
Introduction: Laparoscopic approach profusely utilized in many surgical fields was enhanced by da Vinci robotic surgical system in range of surgery wards, imprimis in the United States today. There was multispecialized robotic centre program initiated in the Central Military Hospital in Prague in December 2005. Within the scope of implementing the da Vinci robotic system to clinical practice we executed robotic-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: We have accomplished elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the da Vinci robotic surgical system. Operating working group (two doctors, two scrub nurses) had completed certificated foreign training. Both of the surgeons have many years experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Operator controlled instruments from the surgeon’s console, assistant placed clips on ends of cystic duct and cystic artery from auxiliary port after capnoperitoneum installation. We evacuated gallbladder in plastic bag from abdominal cavity in place of original paraumbilical port. We were exploiting three working arms in all our cases, holding surgical camera, electrocautery hook and Cadiere forceps. We had been observing procedure time, technical complications connected with robotic system, length of hospital stay and complication incidence rate. Results: We managed to finish all operations in laparoscopic way. Group of our patients formed 11 male patients (35.5%) and 20 women (64.5%), mean aged 52.5 years in range of 27–77 years. The average operation procedure lasted 100 minutes, in the group of last 11 patients only 69 minutes. We recorded paraumbilical wound infections in 3 (9.7 %) patients. We had not experienced any technical problems with robotic surgical system. Length of hospital stay was 3 days. Conclusions: Considering our initial experience with robotic lasparoscopic cholecystectomy we evaluate da Vinci robotic surgical system to be safe and sophisticated operating manipulator which however does not substitute the surgeon key-role of controlling position and decision competences. Presented results of our group are comparable to conclusions of abroad published works.
V předloženém článku je zpracovaná historie a detailní technický popis robotického systému da Vinci. Popsány jsou výhody i nevýhody robotických operací. Je podán přehled o indikacích a počtu robotických operacích v ČR od první operace v roce 2005 až dosud. Celkem bylo provedeno 3 086 robotických operací od 1. 10. 2005 do 19. 3. 1010 v celé České republice. Autoři popisují i osobní zkušenosti z čtyřleté praxe dobře fungujícího Centra robotické chirurgie.
The following article outlines the history and technical parametres of the Da Vinci robotic system. It explains the advantages as well as disadvantages of the system. The indication and number of robotic operations conducted in the Czech Republic are also included and that since the first operation in 2005 till now. Between 1 October 2005 and 19 March 2010 there were 3,086 such operations conducted in CR. The authors also discuss their 4-year experience of working with the system.
In this work, we extend the previously proposed approach of improving mutual perception during human-robot collaboration by communicating the robot's motion intentions and status to a human worker using hand-worn haptic feedback devices. The improvement is presented by introducing spatial tactile feedback, which provides the human worker with more intuitive information about the currently planned robot's trajectory, given its spatial configuration. The enhanced feedback devices communicate directional information through activation of six tactors spatially organised to represent an orthogonal coordinate frame: the vibration activates on the side of the feedback device that is closest to the future path of the robot. To test the effectiveness of the improved human-machine interface, two user studies were prepared and conducted. The first study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the ease of differentiating activation of individual tactors of the notification devices. The second user study aimed to assess the overall usability of the enhanced notification mode for improving human awareness about the planned trajectory of a robot. The results of the first experiment allowed to identify the tactors for which vibration intensity was most often confused by users. The results of the second experiment showed that the enhanced notification system allowed the participants to complete the task faster and, in general, improved user awareness of the robot's movement plan, according to both objective and subjective data. Moreover, the majority of participants (82%) favoured the improved notification system over its previous non-directional version and vision-based inspection.
- MeSH
- hmat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- robotika * MeSH
- ruka MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- zpětná vazba MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
1 online zdroj
- MeSH
- robotika * MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Umělá inteligence
- NLK Obory
- lékařská informatika
