Generalizovaný adenokarcinom žaludku a gastroezofageální junkce představuje onemocnění s infaustní prognózou. Řadu let tvořila konvenční chemoterapie jedinou léčebnou možnost, ovšem s nezanedbatelnou toxicitou. V posledních letech se objevila řada molekul, která vstoupila do léčebného algoritmu této diagnózy. Imunoterapie (pembrolizumab či nivolumab), trastuzumab nebo ramucirumab prokázaly svoji účinnost a bezpečnost v terapii nádorů žaludku. Další molekulou, která se jednoznačně etablovala v léčbě těchto nádorů, je trifluridin/tipiracil (Lonsurf). Trifluridin/tipiracil je indikovaný ve třetí a vyšší linii paliativní léčby karcinomů žaludku a gastroezofageální junkce na základě klinické studie TAGS. Analýza podskupin randomizovaných pacientů potvrdila skutečnost, že tato léčba je účinná u všech analyzovaných podskupin bez ohledu na věk, lokalizaci nádorů v žaludku či gastroezofageální junkce a předchozí gastrektomii.

Metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma represents a disease with poor prognosis. For several years chemotherapy was the only treatment option however with significant toxicity. In the last years numerous molecules entered the treatment algorithm in this diagnosis. Immunotherapy (pembrolizumab and nivolumab), trastuzumab or ramucirumab proved their effectivity and safety in the treatment of gastric cancer. Another molecule, which established its role in the treatment of these tumors is trifluridine/tipiracil (Lonsurf). Trifluridine/tipiracil is registered in third and later lines of palliative treatment of gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer based on the clinical trial TAGS. Subgroup analysis confirmed that trifluridine/tipiracil is effective regardless the patient age, tumor site and previous gastrectomy.

• Klíčová slova
• studie TAGS, trifluridin/tipiracil,
• MeSH
• antimetabolity aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antivirové látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory žaludku * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• protinádorové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• pyrrolidiny aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• thymin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• trifluridin/tipiracil, studie TAGS,
• MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory žaludku farmakoterapie   MeSH
• trifluridin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• trifluridin/tipiracil,
• MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory žaludku MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH
• trifluridin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Wildlife monitoring using passive telemetry has become a robust method for investigating animal migration. With increased use, this method progressively pollutes the environment with technological waste represented by so called ghost tags (PIT tags ending in the environment due to reproductive expulsions, shedding or animal mortality). However, their presence in the environment may lead to failed detections of living individuals. We used tagging data from studies of the asp Leuciscus aspius and the bleak Alburnus alburnus collected from 2014 to 2018 and located ghost tag positions on the monitored spawning site using portable backpack reader for their detection. We modelled virtual river-wide flat-bed antennas (widths 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m) representing monitoring effort and estimated the probability of the presence of ghost tags within the antenna field. Of 3724 PIT tags used in the study, we detected on the spawning ground 173 ghost tags originating from long-term monitoring. The ghost tags accumulated in the environment in time, suggesting insufficient degradation rate or shift downstream from the research site. Number of ghost tags present on the spawning ground led to high probability of disabled readings of tagged fish passing through the antenna electro-magnetic field. We demonstrate how accumulated ghost tags may cause detection failures for focal species and incomplete data acquisition. We infer that intensive long-term monitoring using PIT tag technology may encumber future data acquisition or entail additional costs for clean-up.

• MeSH
• máloostní fyziologie   MeSH
• migrace zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• technologie dálkového snímání přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• zpětná vazba MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is suggested to exert an important role in human social behaviors by modulating the salience of social cues. To date, however, there is mixed evidence whether a single dose of OXT can improve the behavioral and neural sensitivity for emotional face processing. To overcome difficulties encountered with classic event-related potential studies assessing stimulus-saliency, we applied frequency-tagging EEG to implicitly assess the effect of a single dose of OXT (24 IU) on the neural sensitivity for positive and negative facial emotions. Neutral faces with different identities were presented at 6 Hz, periodically interleaved with an expressive face (angry, fearful, and happy, in separate sequences) every fifth image (i.e., 1.2 Hz oddball frequency). These distinctive frequency tags for neutral and expressive stimuli allowed direct and objective quantification of the neural expression-categorization responses. The study involved a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with 31 healthy adult men. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find an effect of OXT on facial emotion processing, neither at the neural, nor at the behavioral level. A single dose of OXT did not evoke social enhancement in general, nor did it affect social approach-avoidance tendencies. Possibly ceiling performances in facial emotion processing might have hampered further improvement.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxytocin * farmakologie   MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Among computationally predicted and experimentally validated plant miRNAs, several are conserved across species boundaries in the plant kingdom. In this study, a combined experimental-in silico computational based approach was adopted for the identification and characterization of miRNAs in Humulus lupulus (hop), which is widely cultivated for use by the brewing industry and apart from, used as a medicinal herb. A total of 22 miRNAs belonging to 17 miRNA families were identified in hop following comparative computational approach and EST-based homology search according to a series of filtering criteria. Selected miRNAs were validated by end-point PCR and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confirmed the existence of conserved miRNAs in hop. Based on the characteristic that miRNAs exhibit perfect or nearly perfect complementarity with their targeted mRNA sequences, a total of 47 potential miRNA targets were identified in hop. Strikingly, the majority of predicted targets were belong to transcriptional factors which could regulate hop growth and development, including leaf, root and even cone development. Moreover, the identified miRNAs may also be involved in other cellular and metabolic processes, such as stress response, signal transduction, and other physiological processes. The cis-regulatory elements relevant to biotic and abiotic stress, plant hormone response, flavonoid biosynthesis were identified in the promoter regions of those miRNA genes. Overall, findings from this study will accelerate the way for further researches of miRNAs, their functions in hop and shows a path for the prediction and analysis of miRNAs to those species whose genomes are not available.

• MeSH
• databáze genetické MeSH
• exprimované sekvenční adresy * MeSH
• genové regulační sítě genetika   MeSH
• Humulus genetika   MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin genetika   MeSH
• rostlinné geny genetika   MeSH
• software * MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• dlahy MeSH
• externí fixátory MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ortopedické fixační pomůcky * MeSH
• prodloužení kosti metody   přístrojové vybavení   využití   MeSH
• první pomoc MeSH
• štítek se zdravotními informacemi MeSH
• transport pacientů MeSH
• vojenské lékařství * MeSH
• zdravotnické prostředky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Myxozoans have been successfully used as tags for fish stock identification around the world. However, few studies using myxozoan tags have been carried out in the Southern Atlantic, a region with complex oceanography that constitutes a potentially suitable scenario for testing the utility of myxozoans as indicators. Its usefulness was tested using six samples of Merluccius hubbsi in two different regions of the Argentine Sea. Generalized linear models were performed to assess the effects of fish size and sex, and year and region of capture and selected using the Information Theoretic approach. Three myxozoan species were recorded: Kudoa rosenbuschi, Myxoproteus meridionalis and Fabespora sp. Results of modelling species individually showed differential capabilities for detecting geographical population structure at different spatial scales, with K. rosenbuschi and Fabespora sp. allowing the discrimination of northern and southern stocks, but Fabespora sp. also as a promissory indicator of intrapopulation sub-structure due to different migratory routes during non-reproductive periods. This work confirms that myxozoans offer a set of suitable markers at different spatial scales, which can be selected individually or in any combination, depending on the geographical extent of the study, constituting tools adaptable to the objectives of further research on fish population structure.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Gadiformes parazitologie   MeSH
• identifikační systémy pro zvířata metody   MeSH
• Myxozoa klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie   MeSH
• rybářství * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Atlantský oceán MeSH

We investigated the HLA-DRB1*1501 tagging rs3135388 gene polymorphism and its association with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, disability and gender differences. The study group consisted of 306 MS patients and 137 healthy individuals. A significant difference in genotype distribution (Pg=3.06×10(-9)) and allele frequency (Pa=6.08×10(-10)) between MS patients and controls was demonstrated. The homozygotes AA and heterozygotes GA were more frequent in MS patients (OR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.64-6.92). A significant difference between female MS patients and female controls in genotype distribution (Pg=1.3×10(-8)) and allele frequency (Pa=2.82×10(-9)); (OR=5.11, 95% CI: 2.86-9.15) was also proved. Our results indicate that the distribution of the rs3135388 gene polymorphism is a risk factor for MS susceptibility in the Czech female population.

• MeSH
• chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• HLA-DRB1 řetězec genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický genetika   MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• antidota MeSH
• automobily MeSH
• injekční stříkačky MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mobilní zdravotnické jednotky MeSH
• obvazy MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• štítek se zdravotními informacemi MeSH
• transport pacientů MeSH
• vládní organizace MeSH
• vládní programy * MeSH
• vojenská zařízení MeSH
• vojenské lékařství * MeSH
• vybavení k jednorázovému použití MeSH
• zdravotnické prostředky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH