Význam ergometrie na diagnostiku ischémie myokardu v ére expanzie zobrazovacích metodík zásadne poklesol. Najväčším problémom je suboptimálna diagnostická presnosť, predovšetkým neuspokojivá senzitivita. Významným negatívom je vysoký podiel nevýpovedných testov a nižšia diagnostická hodnota u žien. Európska kardiologická spoločnosť odporúča preferovať na diagnostiku obštrukčnej koronárnej artériovej choroby (KACh) zobrazovacie metodiky. Ergometriu možno zvážiť ako alternatívny test na potvrdenie, resp. vylúčenie KACh, ak nie sú dostupné neinvazívne alebo invazívne zobrazovacie metodiky. Odlišné stanovisko majú americké kardiologické spoločnosti ACC/AHA, podľa ktorých možno použiť ergometriu ako iniciálne vyšetrenie u pacientov s bolesťou na hrudníku s intermediárnym rizikom bez známej KACh. Ergometria má naďalej významnú pozíciu pri manažmente asymptomatických chlopňových chýb. V prehľadovej práci prezentujeme indikácie a limitácie ergometrie, postavenie v reálnej praxi a možnú budúcnosť ergometrie.
The importance of exercise ECG for the diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia has fundamentally decreased in the era of advanced cardiac imaging techniques. The biggest problem is suboptimal diagnostic accuracy, especially unsatisfactory sensitivity. A significant limitation is the high proportion of inconclusive tests and the lower diagnostic accuracy in women. The European Society of Cardiology prefers non-invasive functional imaging or coronary computed tomography angiography for diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Exercise ECG may be considered as an alternative test to rule-in or rule-out CAD when other non-invasive or invasive imaging methods are not available. American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association on the other hand continue to recommend exercise ECG as an initial examination for intermediate-risk patients with acute chest pain and no known CAD for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Exercise ECG still has an important position in the management of patients with asymptomatic valvular diseases. In an overview, we present the indications and limitations of exercise ECG, its real-world position, and the possible future of exercise ECG.
Varikózní krvácení do gastrointestinálního traktu jako komplikace portální hypertenze je urgentní život ohrožující stav. Po selhání farmakologické a endoskopické léčby je indikováno zavedení transjugulární intrahepatální portosystémové spojky (TIPS), která může přinést nezanedbatelné komplikace. Raritní komplikací je migrace spojky do srdce s rizikem perforace pravostranných oddílů či poškození trikuspidální chlopně. V některých případech však nemusí způsobovat žádné obtíže. Extrakce je možná perkutánní či chirurgickou cestou. Alternativou u polymorbidních pacientů je ponechání migrovaného stentu v srdci. Volba optimálního postupu vyžaduje mezioborovou spolupráci.
Variceal bleeding belongs to the one of the complications of portal hypertension and is a life-threatening condition. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is indicated in case of failure of the pharmacological and endoscopic therapy, even if it is associated with complications. Stent migration to the heart, is a rare event which may cause perforation of the right cardiac chambers or damage to the tricuspid valve. However, it may not be a problem in some cases. There are two approaches to extraction - percutaneous or surgical. Leaving the stent in situ is possible, especially in polymorbid patients. Choosing an optimal approach often requires interdisciplinary cooperation.
- MeSH
- Esophageal and Gastric Varices complications MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage surgery diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Ligation adverse effects MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Stents adverse effects MeSH
- Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic * adverse effects MeSH
- Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency diagnostic imaging etiology MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Reziduální mitrální regurgitace po implantaci MitraClipů je postupně narůstající problém. Progrese dysfunkce levé komory, zhoršení funkce chlopně a subvalvulárního aparátu či suboptimální implantace MitraClipů zvyšuje riziko progrese reziduální regurgitace. V kazuistice popisujeme pacienta s těžkou degenerativní mitrální regurgitací řešenou opakovanou implantací MitraClipů a následnou implantací Amplatzer vascular plugů mezi klipy s výraznou redukcí regurgitace a funkční normalizací potíží pacienta.
Residual mitral regurgitation after MitraClip implantation is a progressively increasing problem. Progression of left ventricular dysfunction, deterioration of valvular and subvalvular function, or suboptimal MitraClip implantation all increase the risk of progression of residual regurgitation. In this case report, we describe a patient with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation managed with repeated implantation of MitraClips followed by implantation of Amplatzer Vascular Plugs between the clips, with a significant reduction in regurgitation and functional normalization of the patient's complaints.
- MeSH
- Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation MeSH
- Cardiac Surgical Procedures methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mitral Valve Insufficiency * surgery MeSH
- Aortic Valve Prolapse surgery MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Cardiac Catheterization methods MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Onemocnění srdce jsoučastou příčinou morbidity a mortality psů. Kromě vyšetřovacích metod, které jsou považovány za zlatý standard (echokardiografie a elektrokardiografie), máme při jejich nedostupnosti možnost použít vyšetření koncentrace srdečních biomarkerů z krve. Vyšetřují se především srdeční troponin I (cTnI) a N-konec pre-mozkového natriuretického peptidu (NT-proBNP). Jejich koncentrace potom můžeme použít při diferenciaci respiračních obtíží, detekci okultní dilatační kardiomyopatie, odhalení stadia B2 u psů s myxomatózním onemocněním mitrální chlopně, predikci prvního výskytu příznaků srdečního selhání při myxomatózním onemocnění mitrální chlopně a monitorování srdečního selhání. Včasnou diagnostikou a důsledným sledováním progrese onemocnění srdce můžeme zvolit nejvhodnější terapii.
Heart diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. In addition to the investigative methods that are considered the gold standard (echocardiography and electrocardiography), we have the option of using blood cardiac biomarker concentrations when they are not available. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are mainly investigated. Their concentration values can then be used in the differentiation of respiratory problems, detection of occult dilated cardiomyopathy, detection of stage B2 in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, prediction of the first appearance of heart failure symptoms in myxomatous mitral valve disease and monitoring of heart failure. By early diagnosis and close monitoring of the progression of heart disease, we can select the most appropriate therapy.
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TBC) in solid organ transplant recipients represents a severe complication. The incidence among transplant recipients is higher than in the general population, and the diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. We present a case of active disseminated tuberculosis in a kidney transplant recipient treated with an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, who had been previously exposed to an active form of the disease, but latent tuberculosis (LTBI) was repeatedly ruled out prior to transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, no other case has been reported in a patient treated with the anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old patient, 1.5 years after primary kidney transplantation, presented with vocal cord problems, a dry irritating cough, and a sore throat. A detailed investigation, including a high-resolution chest CT scan, revealed the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis. The antituberculosis treatment consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol was started immediately. The patient's condition became complicated by relapsing diarrhoea. The colonoscopy revealed a circular stenosis above Bauhin's valve. Microscopical findings showed active colitis and vaguely formed collections of epithelioid macrophages without fully developed caseous granulomas and were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis. The antituberculosis treatment was subsequently enhanced by moxifloxacin and led to a great improvement in the patient's condition. CONCLUSION: In this case, false negativity of interferon-γ release assays and possibly higher risk for intracellular infections in patients on costimulatory signal blockers are discussed.
- MeSH
- Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use MeSH
- Transplant Recipients MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents * MeSH
- Kidney Transplantation * adverse effects MeSH
- Tuberculosis * diagnosis drug therapy epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
(1) Background: Preterm-born children have an increased cardiovascular risk with the first clinical manifestation during childhood and/or adolescence. (2) Methods: The occurrence of overweight/obesity, prehypertension/hypertension, valve problems or heart defects, and postnatal microRNA expression profiles were examined in preterm-born children at the age of 3 to 11 years descending from preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) pregnancies. The whole peripheral blood gene expression of 29 selected microRNAs associated with cardiovascular diseases was the subject of our interest. (3) Results: Nearly one-third of preterm-born children (32.43%) had valve problems and/or heart defects. The occurrence of systolic and diastolic prehypertension/hypertension was also inconsiderable in a group of preterm-born children (27.03% and 18.92%). The vast majority of children descending from either PPROM (85.45%) or PTB pregnancies (85.71%) had also significantly altered microRNA expression profiles at 90.0% specificity. (4) Conclusions: Postnatal microRNA expression profiles were significantly influenced by antenatal and early postnatal factors (gestational age at delivery, birth weight of newborns, and condition of newborns at the moment of birth). These findings may contribute to the explanation of increased cardiovascular risk in preterm-born children. These findings strongly support the belief that preterm-born children should be dispensarized for a long time to have access to specialized medical care.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Akutní hypoxemické respirační selhání (které se vyskytuje i při závažném průběhu onemocnění COVID-19) vyžaduje kyslí kovou léčbu. Invazivita a intenzita zvolené terapie odpovídá stavu pacienta a dostupným technickým prostředkům. Pokud dojde k náhlému výskytu velikého počtu nemocných s hypoxickým selháním, může být dostupná materiální a/nebo lidská kapacita pro poskytování účinné kyslíkové terapie přetížena. Cílem našeho experimentu bylo otestovat funkčnost Venturiho trysky Corovalve, kterou jsme navrhli a vytiskli na 3D tis kárně. Trysku jsme vřadili do jednoduchého systému, který jsme zkompletovali z dílů běžně dostupných v České republice. Toto zařízení jsme odzkoušeli ve statickém testu a v dynamickém testu sami na sobě a změřili jeho základní parametry. V provedeném experimentu generovalo naše zařízení při spontánní ventilaci pozitivní hodnotu středního tlaku v dýchacích cestách. Při vyšších průtocích byl systém schopný udržet mírný pozitivní tlak i během inspiria, můžeme tedy mluvit o systému, který za určitých podmínek umožňuje spontánní ventilaci při kontinuálním přetlaku. Nejefektivnějším nastavením během spontánní ventilace byl příkon kyslíku 15 l/min v kombinaci s nastavením PEEP ventilu na 10–15 cm H2O. Při těchto parametrech byl generován střední tlak v dýchacích cestách 9–12 cm H2O při výsledné koncentraci kyslíku ve vdechované směsi 41–42 %. Výsledky našeho experimentu dokládají, že s pomocí trysky Corovalve vytištěné na 3D tiskárně je možné sestrojit jedno duché zařízení umožňující aplikaci kyslíku přetlakem EPAP/CPAP. Jedná se o metodu ekonomickou a jednoduše provedi telnou, a proto s poměrně zajímavým potenciálem. Při dostatečném počtu 3D vytištěných trysek by mohla být nasazena rychle a v masovém měřítku.
Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (which occures also with severe course of COVID-19) requires oxygen therapy. The in vasiveness and intensity of chosen therapy corresponds with patient's condition and technical means available. If a large number of patients with hypoxic failure suddenly occur, the available equipment and/or human capacity to provide effective oxygen therapy may be greatly strained. The goal of our experiment was to test functionality of a simple device equipped with a Venturi nozzle Corovalve which we designed and printed on a 3D printer. We incorporated the nozzle into a system assembled from parts commonly available in the Czech Republic. We put this device through a static test and a dynamic test performed on ourselves and measured its basic parameters. In our experiment during spontaneous ventilation the device was able to generate positive mean airway pressure. At higher flow rates, the system was able to maintain a slightly positive pressure even during the inspiration, so we can talk about a system that allows, under certain circumstances, spontaneous ventilation at continuous positive airway pressure. The most effective from setting tested was oxygen input of 15 L/min combined with PEEP valve set to 10–15 cm H 2 O. Mean airway pressure ranged at 9–12 cm H 2 O and oxygen concentration in the inspiration mixture was 40–42%. We therefore conclude that our nozzle Corovalve printed on a 3D printer can be used in a simple device allowing positive pressure oxygen application during spontaneous ventilation EPAP/CPAP. It is economical and easy to provide method and therefore of a rather interesting potential. With a sufficient number of 3D printed nozzles it could be deployed quickly and on a mass scale.
BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE) in people who inject drugs (PWID) is an emergent public health problem. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate IE in PWID and compare it with IE in non-PWID patients. METHODS: Two prospective cohort studies (ICE-PCS and ICE-Plus databases, encompassing 8,112 IE episodes from 2000 to 2006 and 2008 to 2012, with 64 and 34 sites and 28 and 18 countries, respectively). Outcomes were compared between PWID and non-PWID patients with IE. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors for 6-month mortality and relapses amongst PWID. RESULTS: A total of 7,616 patients (591 PWID and 7,025 non-PWID) were included. PWID patients were significantly younger (median 37.0 years [interquartile range: 29.5 to 44.2 years] vs. 63.3 years [interquartile range: 49.3 to 74.0 years]; p < 0.001), male (72.5% vs. 67.4%; p = 0.007), and presented lower rates of comorbidities except for human immunodeficiency virus, liver disease, and higher rates of prior IE. Amongst IE cases in PWID, 313 (53%) episodes involved left-side valves and 204 (34.5%) were purely left-sided IE. PWID presented a larger proportion of native IE (90.2% vs. 64.4%; p < 0.001), whereas prosthetic-IE and cardiovascular implantable electronic device-IE were more frequent in non-PWID (9.3% vs. 27.0% and 0.5% vs. 8.6%; both p < 0.001). Staphylococcus aureus caused 65.9% and 26.8% of cases in PWID and non-PWID, respectively (p < 0.001). PWID presented higher rates of systemic emboli (51.1% vs. 22.5%; p < 0.001) and persistent bacteremia (14.7% vs. 9.3%; p < 0.001). Cardiac surgery was less frequently performed (39.5% vs. 47.8%; p < 0.001), and in-hospital and 6-month mortality were lower in PWID (10.8% vs. 18.2% and 14.4% vs. 22.2%; both p < 0.001), whereas relapses were more frequent in PWID (9.5% vs. 2.8%; p < 0.001). Prior IE, left-sided IE, polymicrobial etiology, intracardiac complications, and stroke were risk factors for 6-month mortality, whereas cardiac surgery was associated with lower mortality in the PWID population. CONCLUSIONS: A notable proportion of cases in PWID involve left-sided valves, prosthetic valves, or are caused by microorganisms other than S. aureus.
- MeSH
- Global Health MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Endocarditis epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Risk Assessment methods MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Substance Abuse, Intravenous complications epidemiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Follow-Up Studies MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The goal was to assess how a history of any kind of pregnancy-related complication altered expression profile of microRNAs played a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the peripheral blood leukocytes of children at the age of 3-11 years. The prior exposure to gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes or spontaneous preterm birth causes that a significant proportion of children (57.42% to 90.0% specifically) had a substantially altered microRNA expression profile, which might be the origin of a lifelong cardiovascular risk. A total of 23 out of 29 tested microRNAs were upregulated in children born from such complicated gestation. The occurrence of overweight, obesity, valve problems and heart defects even intensified upregulation of microRNAs already present in children exposed to such pregnancy complications. The occurrence of overweight/obesity (miR-92a-3p, and miR-210-3p) and valve problems or heart defects (miR-342-3p) induced microRNA upregulation in children affected with pregnancy complications. Overall, 42.86% overweight/obese children and 27.36% children with valve problems or heart defects had even higher microRNA levels than children with normal clinical findings after complicated pregnancies. In addition, the microRNA expression profile was also able to differentiate between children descending from normal gestation in relation to the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Screening on the base of the combination of 19 microRNAs identified 70.0% overweight/obese children at 90.0% specificity. In general, children after complicated pregnancies, just as children after normal pregnancies, with abnormal findings are at a higher risk of the onset of cardiovascular complications, and their dispensarization, with the aim to implement primary prevention strategies, would be beneficial.
- MeSH
- Cerebrovascular Disorders genetics MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Diabetes, Gestational genetics MeSH
- Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced genetics MeSH
- Hypertension genetics MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases genetics MeSH
- Pregnancy Complications genetics MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MicroRNAs genetics MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Overweight genetics MeSH
- Obesity genetics MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Pre-Eclampsia genetics MeSH
- Prehypertension genetics MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Fetal Growth Retardation genetics MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Up-Regulation genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the major pregnancy-related complications, characterized as a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance accompanied by a low/absent pancreatic beta-cell compensatory adaptation to the increased insulin demand, causes the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications. The aim of the study was to assess if alterations in gene expression of microRNAs associated with diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases are present in whole peripheral blood of children aged 3-11 years descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. A substantially altered microRNA expression profile was found in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. Almost all microRNAs with the exception of miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-210-3p were upregulated. The microRNA expression profile also differed between children after normal and GDM complicated pregnancies in relation to the presence of overweight/obesity, prehypertension/hypertension, and/or valve problems and heart defects. Always, screening based on the combination of microRNAs was superior over using individual microRNAs, since at 10.0% false positive rate it was able to identify a large proportion of children with an aberrant microRNA expression profile (88.14% regardless of clinical findings, 75.41% with normal clinical findings, and 96.49% with abnormal clinical findings). In addition, the higher incidence of valve problems and heart defects was found in children with a prior exposure to GDM. The extensive file of predicted targets of all microRNAs aberrantly expressed in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies indicates that a large group of these genes is involved in ontologies of diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. In general, children with a prior exposure to GDM are at higher risk of later development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases, and would benefit from dispensarisation as well as implementation of primary prevention strategies.
- MeSH
- Cerebrovascular Disorders etiology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Diabetes, Gestational epidemiology MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases etiology MeSH
- Diabetes Complications complications MeSH
- Pregnancy Complications etiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MicroRNAs genetics MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
