INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of clinically relevant (sub)microscopic chromosomal aberrations in fetuses with the nuchal translucency (NT) range from 3.0 to 3.4 mm, which would be potentially missed by cfDNA testing. METHODS: A retrospective data analysis of 271 fetuses with NT between 3.0 and 3.4 mm and increased first trimester combined test (CT) risk in five cohorts of pregnant women referred for invasive testing and chromosomal microarray was performed. RESULTS: A chromosomal aberration was identified in 18.8% fetuses (1:5; 51/271). In 15% (41/271) of cases, trisomy 21, 18, or 13 were found. In 0.7% (2/271) of cases, sex chromosome aneuploidy was found. In 1.1% (3/271) of cases, CNV >10 Mb was detected, which would potentially also be detected by genome-wide cfDNA testing. The residual risk for missing a submicroscopic chromosome aberration in the presented cohorts is 1.8% (1:54; 5/271). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a significant number of fetuses with increased CT risk and presenting NT of 3.0-3.4 mm carry a clinically relevant chromosomal abnormality other than common trisomy. Invasive testing should be offered, and counseling on NIPT should include the test limitations that may result in NIPT false-negative results in a substantial percentage of fetuses.
- MeSH
- chromozomální aberace MeSH
- chromozomální poruchy diagnóza genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření nuchální translucence * MeSH
- mikročipová analýza MeSH
- neinvazivní prenatální testování metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- volné cirkulující nukleové kyseliny krev genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes adversely affects fetal cardiovascular system development. Previous studies have reported that the fetuses of mothers with diabetes exhibit both structural and functional changes; nevertheless, prior studies have not examined the association between glucose control and fetal cardiac morphology and performance. Thus, the objective was to determine the association between fetal cardiac morphology and function and maternal glucose control in type 1 diabetes and to compare the differences in measured cardiac parameters between the fetuses of mothers with diabetes and healthy controls. METHODS: In this prospective, longitudinal case-control study - including 62 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy pregnant women - fetal cardiac assessment using B-mode, M-mode, and spectral pulsed-wave Doppler was performed in the second and third trimesters. In women with T1DM, glycated hemoglobin and data obtained from glucose sensors - including the percentage of time in, below, and above the range (TIR, TBR, and TAR, respectively), and coefficient of variation (CV) - were analyzed across three time periods: the last menstrual period to 13 (V1), 14-22 (V2), and 23-32 weeks (V3) of gestation. Fetal cardiac indices were compared between groups, and the correlation between glucose control and fetal cardiac indices was assessed. RESULTS: At 28-32 weeks, the fetuses of women with T1DM exhibited increased left ventricular end-diastolic length, relative interventricular septum thickness, right ventricular cardiac output, and pulmonary valve peak systolic velocity compared with healthy controls. At 18-22 weeks, pulmonary and aortic valve diameters, left and right ventricular stroke volumes, and left cardiac output inversely correlated with the CV and glycated hemoglobin levels at V1 and V2. Furthermore, at 28-32 weeks, pulmonary and aortic valve diameters, left ventricular stroke volume, cardiac output, and right/left atrioventricular valve ratio inversely correlated with the TBR at V1, V2, and V3. Moreover, diastolic functional parameters correlated with the TAR and glycated hemoglobin levels, particularly after the first trimester. CONCLUSION: In women with T1DM, maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy correlates with fetal diastolic function, whereas glucose variability and hypoglycemia inversely correlate with fetal left ventricular systolic function in the second and third trimesters.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu * komplikace MeSH
- dopplerovská echokardiografie MeSH
- fetální srdce diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- gestační diabetes * MeSH
- glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
- hemodynamika MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- syndrom Nijmegen breakage * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ultrasonografie prenatální MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Kostní dysplazie jsou širokou, heterogenní skupinou chorob. Thanatoforická dysplazie patří mezi nejčastější letální kostní dysplazie. Základem diagnostiky je kvalitní ultrazvukové vyšetření ve II. trimestru a nejnovější metody genetického testování vč. vyšetření klinického exomu. Znalost správné diagnózy je klíčová pro budoucnost plodu i páru.
Bone dysplasias are a broad, heterogeneous group of diseases. Thanatophoric dysplasia is a rare bone dysplasia, but it is the most common lethal skeletal dysplasias. The major role in diagnostics plays a high-quality ultrasound examination in the 2nd trimester and the latest methods of genetic testing, including clinical exome testing. Knowing the correct diagnosis is crucial for the future of the fetus and the couple.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- indukovaný potrat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci plodu diagnostické zobrazování genetika patologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- sekvenování exomu * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- thanatoforní dysplazie * diagnostické zobrazování genetika patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
IMPORTANCE: Prenatal cardiac screening of the first and second trimesters has had a major impact on postnatal prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs), rates of termination of pregnancy (TOP), and outcomes among children born alive with CHDs. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prenatal and postnatal incidence of major CHDs (ie, necessitating intervention within the first year of life), detection rate trends, rates of TOP, and the association of cardiac screening with postnatal outcomes. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cross-sectional study, 3827 fetuses with antenatally diagnosed major CHDs in the Czech Republic (population 10.7 million) between 1991 and 2021 were prospectively evaluated with known outcomes and associated comorbidities. Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of CHD in an unselected population was assessed by comparison with a retrospective analysis of all children born alive with major CHDs in the same period (5454 children), using national data registry. Data analysis was conducted from January 1991 to December 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prenatal detection and postnatal prevalence of major CHDs and rate of TOPs in a setting with a centralized health care system over 31 years. RESULTS: A total of 3 300 068 children were born alive during the study period. Major CHD was diagnosed in 3827 fetuses, of whom 1646 (43.0%) were born, 2069 (54.1%) resulted in TOP, and 112 (2.9%) died prenatally. The prenatal detection rate increased from 6.2% in 1991 to 82.8% in 2021 (P < .001). Termination of pregnancy decreased from 70% in 1991 to 43% (P < .001) in 2021. Of 627 fetuses diagnosed in the first trimester (introduced in 2007), 460 were terminated (73.3%). Since 2007, of 2066 fetuses diagnosed in the second trimester, 880 (42.6%) were terminated, resulting in an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI, 2.8-4.6; P < .001) for TOP in the first trimester compared with the second trimester. Postnatal prevalence of major CHDs declined from 0.21% to 0.14% (P < .001). The total incidence (combining prenatal detection of terminated fetuses with postnatal prevalence) of major CHD remained at 0.23% during the study period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study, the total incidence of major CHD did not change significantly during the 31-year study period. The prenatal detection of major CHD approached 83% in the current era. Postnatal prevalence of major CHD decreased significantly due to early TOPs and intrauterine deaths. The introduction of first trimester screening resulted in a higher termination rate in the first trimester but did not revert the overall decreasing trend of termination for CHDs in general.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- indukovaný potrat * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vrozené srdeční vady * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky porodnicko-gynekologické MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- ductus Mülleri abnormality diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- uterus * abnormality diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- vagina * abnormality diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- Downův syndrom * MeSH
- gynekologie * MeSH
- krk MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření nuchální translucence MeSH
- porodnictví * MeSH
- první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
- řízení kvality MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ultrasonografie prenatální MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The establishment of ongoing audits for first-trimester nuchal translucency (NT) measurements is of paramount importance. The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart has been published as an efficient tool for NT quality control with the advantages of being suitable for real-time long-term monitoring. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of real-time NT quality control using EWMA charts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an ongoing prospective study conducted from January 2011 to December 2017 at the Centre for Fetal Medicine Gennet in Prague. The quality of NT measurements was assessed using the NT retrospective distribution parameters and EWMA charts, and the results were presented to the sonographers during collective meetings. RESULTS: Overall, 28,928 NT measurements obtained from six sonographers were eligible for the study. Looking at individual EWMA charts, we observed four main outcomes. First, there was a clear improvement in the performance of sonographers with initially poor performances. Second, the performance of sonographers with an initially satisfactory quality was maintained. Third, there was an observed deterioration of the performance without the audits. Last, the sonographers appreciated an unequivocal and straightforward graphical presentation of EWMA curves. CONCLUSION: EWMA proved to be an efficient and suitable tool for real-time monitoring of NT quality and led to an overall improvement of the sonographers' performance.
- MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření nuchální translucence normy MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- řízení kvality * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Vrozené vývojové vady dělohy a pochvy vznikají na podkladě chybné organogeneze, fúze a resorpce Müllerových vývodů. Prevalence těchto anomálií je udávána ve velkém rozpětí, liší se nejen u různých autorů, ale i v různých publikacích téhož autora. Často mohou být spojeny s jinými anomáliemi, zejména ledvin, proto je důležité vždy vyšetřit i ledviny. V dětské a adolescentní populaci tyto vady diagnostikujeme převážně náhodně u pacientek vyšetřovaných z jiného důvodu. Naopak při vyšetřování pubertálních dívek z důvodu primární amenorey, či pro cyklické sílící bolesti břicha musíme cíleně po těchto vadách pátrat. Ultrazvukové vyšetření patří mezi zobrazovací metody první volby, má ale i své limity. MRI se stává referenčním standardem zobrazování. K vyšetřování dětí a dospívajících by mělo být přistupováno s cílem minimalizovat trauma pro dětského pacienta. Chirurgická léčba je specifická pro typ malformace a může se lišit v konkrétní skupině.
Mullerian anomalies occur on the basis of faulted organogenesis, fusion and resorption of Mullerian ducts. Prevalence of these anomalies is stated in a wide range. This data varies between different authors but can also be inconsistent in individual publications of one author. These may oftentimes be connected to other anomalies, in particular kidney anomalies, therefore it is important to take that into account during the examination. In the pediatric and adolescent population are these anomalies predominantly diagnosed incidentally, during an unrelated examination. On the contrary, in pubescent patients, evaluated due to primary amenorhoe or cyclic increasing stomach pain, we have to seek out for them. Ultrasound examinations belong among the first-choice screening methods. However, even the ultrasound examinations have certain limitations. MRI is becoming the screening reference standard. The examination of pediatric and adolescent patients should be approached with the intent to minimize trauma for the patient. Surgical treatment is adapted to the specific anomaly and may differ in particular groups.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- ductus Mülleri * abnormality diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody MeSH
- vrozené vady diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Doporučený postup. Česká společnost pro ultrazvuk v porodnictví a gynekologii ČLS JEP vydává toto stanovisko v souvislosti s vyjádřeními Světové zdravotnické organizace (WHO) a dalšími nadnárodními autoritami ohledně obav týkajících se infekce virem COVID-19. Zdá se, že dopad letošní koronarovirové infekce COVID-19 na těhotné ženy bude méně závažný než v minulých letech H1N1 chřipky typu A, SARS-CoV či MERS-CoV. Z dosud publikovaných informací se nepodařilo prokázat přenos infekce z matky na plod. Také se zdá, že nehrozí žádné riziko vertikálního přenosu kojením. Toto stanovisko nenahrazuje doporučení a stanoviska vydaná státními orgány, jako je Ministerstvo zdravotnictví a další, a týká se výhradně konzultování těhotných.
Guidelines. The Czech Society for Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně issues this opinion in connection with statements of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international authorities regarding the concerns about COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. The im-pact of this year‘s coronavirus COVID-19 infection on pregnant women seems to be less severe than in pre-vious years of H1N1 influenza type A, SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. From the information published so far it was not possible to prove the transmission of infection from mother to fetus. It also seems that there is no risk of vertical transmission during breastfeeding. This opinion does not replace the recommendations and opinions issued by governmental bodies such as the Ministry of Health and others, and concerns solely consultation of pregnant women.
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus * patogenita MeSH
- COVID-19 * diagnóza epidemiologie přenos prevence a kontrola MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství * MeSH
- koronavirové infekce diagnóza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vertikální přenos infekce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gynekologické vyšetření * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ultrasonografie * metody MeSH
- ženské pohlavní orgány abnormality diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH