- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfohistiocytóza hemofagocytární * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace terapie MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému imunologie patologie MeSH
- sepse diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Immunodeficiency disorders and autoimmune diseases are common, but a lack of effective targeted drugs and the side-effects of existing drugs have stimulated interest in finding therapeutic alternatives. Naturally derived substances are a recognized source of novel drugs, and tick saliva is increasingly recognized as a rich source of bioactive molecules with specific functions. Ticks use their saliva to overcome the innate and adaptive host immune systems. Their saliva is a rich cocktail of molecules including proteins, peptides, lipid derivatives, and recently discovered non-coding RNAs that inhibit or modulate vertebrate immune reactions. A number of tick saliva and/or salivary gland molecules have been characterized and shown to be promising candidates for drug development for vertebrate immune diseases. However, further validation of these molecules at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels is now required to progress lead candidates to clinical testing. In this paper, we review the data on the immuno-pharmacological aspects of tick salivary compounds characterized in vitro and/or in vivo and present recent findings on non-coding RNAs that might be exploitable as immunomodulatory therapies.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci imunologie terapie MeSH
- imunomodulace imunologie MeSH
- klíšťata imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému imunologie terapie MeSH
- proteiny členovců imunologie MeSH
- sliny imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Introduction: The expiry of patents for biologics has led to the introduction of biosimilars for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). These treatment alternatives may allow earlier and wider access to appropriate therapy for patients without increasing the economic burden on health-care systems. Prescription of biosimilars to treatment-naïve patients is well accepted; however, additional considerations must be taken into account when switching clinically stable patients from reference products to biosimilars. Area covered: We discuss the current considerations related to switching from reference products to biosimilars from a physician and patient perspective. We review the clinical data and real-life experience on switching patients with IMIDs, present the position of the relevant medical societies, and discuss the importance of patient-physician communication and need for shared decision-making. Expert opinion: The introduction of biosimilars provides an opportunity to expand access to treatment for patients with IMIDs across Europe and support the financial sustainability of health-care systems. We anticipate that as the real-world evidence base grows, confirming the results of clinical trials, there will be a corresponding increase in physician and patient acceptance, not only to initiating treatment with a biosimilar, but also to switching medication from a reference product to a biosimilar.
- MeSH
- alergie * imunologie terapie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- imunitní systém MeSH
- imunoterapie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování imunologické MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- nádory * imunologie terapie MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému * imunologie terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- dilatační kardiomyopatie imunologie MeSH
- elektrokardiografie metody MeSH
- kardiologie organizace a řízení normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myokard imunologie patologie MeSH
- myokarditida imunologie MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému krev klasifikace epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- nemoci srdce diagnóza epidemiologie imunologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that oral plasma cell granuloma may represent a mucosal manifestation of immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in the oral cavity. The study sample comprised two males and four females, aged 54-79 years (median 62 years). The lesions were localized on gingival/alveolar mucosa (four cases), hard palate, and floor of the mouth, measuring 17-40 mm (median 31 mm). The duration of the lesions ranged from 3 months to several years. Information on IgG4 serum levels was available for two patients, and these were increased to 1.85 and 1.65 g/L, respectively. The follow-up period ranged 11-30 months (median 13 months). None of the lesions recurred, and none of the patients developed any manifestation of IgG4-RD. Microscopically, all cases presented as nodular lesions composed of numerous polyclonal plasma cells admixed with lymphocytes, histiocytes, mast cells, and eosinophils, set within collagenized stroma in variable proportions. Obliterative phlebitis was observed in two cases. The number of IgG4-positive plasma cells ranged between 51 and 142 per HPF (median 114), while the IgG4/IgG ratio values ranged between 0.16 and 0.72 (median 0.44) and were above 0.40 in three cases. Based on international criteria, two cases were diagnosed as definite and one as probable IgG4-RD. Oral plasma cell granuloma is a heterogeneous group of lesions, and a subset may represent a mucosal manifestation of IgG4-RD in the oral cavity.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- eozinofily patologie MeSH
- gingivitida diagnóza imunologie patologie MeSH
- histiocyty patologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastocyty patologie MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému diagnóza imunologie patologie MeSH
- nemoci úst diagnóza imunologie patologie MeSH
- plazmatické buňky patologie MeSH
- plazmocelulární granulom diagnóza imunologie patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ústní sliznice imunologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
8th ed. viii, 535 s. : il. (převážně barev.), tab. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- antigeny imunologie MeSH
- buněčná imunita MeSH
- lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému imunologie MeSH
- tvorba protilátek imunologie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- cytologie, klinická cytologie
- alergologie a imunologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
Alergické choroby dnes postihujú čoraz viac ľudí a predstavujú špecifickú skupinu pacientov vo vzťahu k očkovaniu. Na základe viacerých štúdií bolo dokázané, že očkovanie vo všeobecnosti nezvyšuje riziko vzniku alergických chorôb a zároveň nepredstavuje rizikový faktor vo vzťahu k exacerbáciám základného alergického ochorenia. Naopak očkovanie vybranými vakcínami môže predstavovať protektívny faktor pred rozvojom alergií. Alergické reakcie po očkovaní sú relatívne zriedkavé, a to najmä systémové formy. Alergické reakcie po očkovaní sú najčastejšie vyvolané prídavnými látkami vo vakcínach (najmä želatína, antibiotiká, zriedkavo vaječné proteíny). Výskyt systémových anafylaktických reakcií po očkovaní, ktoré sú považované za jedinú univerzálnu kontraindikáciu ďalšieho očkovania danou konkrétnou vakcínou, je veľmi nízky, pričom aj u týchto pacientov ide väčšinou o kontraindikáciu relatívnu. Odhadovaná frekvencia anafylaktických reakcií po podaní vakcín je 0,65-1 prípad na 1 milión podaných dávok. Nevyhnutný je adekvátny prístup a reálne zhodnotenie alergického pôvodu, pretože pri nesprávnej interpretácii vzniknutej reakcie dochádza k stanoveniu falošnej trvalej kontraindikácie a zastaveniu ďalšieho očkovania. Očkovanie predstavuje zároveň aj významnú súčasť manažmentu pacientov s rôznymi formami alergických chorôb, a to najmä vzhľadom na prevenciu rôznych infekčných ochorení, ktoré môžu viesť k exacerbácii základného alergického ochorenia či zhoršenia jeho priebehu. Na druhej strane rôzne formy alergií nepredstavujú zásadné obmedzenia pre očkovanie jednotlivými vakcínami. Väčšina pacientov alergických na vaječné proteíny môže byť očkovaná vakcínami aj s obsahom vaječných proteínov, pričom opatrnosť je potrebná len u pacientov s anafylaktickými reakciami po vaječných proteínoch alebo po predchádzajúcej dávke danej vakcíny.
Allergic diseases affect more and more people and represent an important specific group of patients in relationship with vaccination. Based on the studies' results, it can be generally assumed that the vaccination in general does not increase the risk of allergic diseases development and does not represent a risk factor for exacerbations of allergic disease. Conversely, the vaccination with selected vaccines could present a protective factor against the allergies development. Allergic reactions after the vaccination are relatively rare, especially systemic reactions. Allergic reactions to vaccines are usually provoked by adjuvant substances presented in vaccines (especially gelatine, antibiotics; rarely egg proteins). Incidence of systemic anaphylactic reactions after the vaccination, which are considered to be the only universal contraindications for further vaccinations with concrete particular vaccine, is usually very low and also in these patients, is could be considered to be only relative contraindication. Expected frequency of anaphylactic reactions after vaccine application is 0.65 to 1 cases per 1 million of applied doses. It is essential to provide an adequate approach and realistic evaluation of allergic origin of observed reaction, because due to incorrect interpretation of reaction, the false contraindication is established and the further vaccination is wrongly stopped. Vaccination presents also an important part of the management of the patients with various forms of allergies, especially for prevention of infections, which can cause the exacerbations of allergic disease or the worsening of its course. On the other hand, different forms of allergies usually do not represent an important limitations for vaccination with particular vaccines. The majority of the patients with egg allergy can be vaccinated also with the vaccines with egg protein content, however, a special cautions should be given to the patients with history of anaphylactic reactions after egg exposure or previous egg protein-containing vaccine application.
- Klíčová slova
- Imunitně podmíněné reakce na vakcíny a jejich složky,
- MeSH
- alergie * komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- anafylaxe etiologie komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- imunizace * kontraindikace metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému * imunologie komplikace MeSH
- praktičtí lékaři MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- vakcinace kontraindikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
