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Linseed represents a rich source of nutritional, functional and health-beneficial compounds. Nevertheless, the chemical composition and content of bioactive compounds may be quite variable and potentially affected by various factors, including genotype and the environment. In this study, the proximate chemical composition, lignans content and antioxidant potential of six experimentally grown linseed cultivars were assessed and compared. A diagonal cultivation trial in the University of South Bohemia Experimental Station in České Budějovice, Czech Republic, was established in three subsequent growing seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020). The results showed that the cultivar and growing conditions influenced most studied parameters. The lack of precipitation in May and June 2019 negatively affected the seed yield and the level of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside but did not decrease the crude protein content, which was negatively related to the oil content. The newly developed method for lignans analysis allowed the identification and quantification of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and matairesinol. Their content correlated positively with the total polyphenol content and antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity), indicating the significant contribution to the biofunctional properties of linseed. On the other hand, we did not detect minor linseed lignans, pinoresinol and lariciresinol. The results of this study showed the importance of cultivar and growing conditions factors on the linseed chemical composition and the lignans content, determining its nutritional and medicinal properties.
V rámci štúdia vzťahov štruktúry a účinku v skupine nových blokátorov β-adrenoreceptorov bola pripravená séria nových derivátov odvodená od p-hydroxyacetofenónu s obmenami v bázickej časti postranného reťazca. Východiskový p-hydroxyacetofenón, pripravený Friesovým prešmykom fenylacetátu, dáva reakciou s 2-(chlórmetyl)oxiránom l-[4-(2-oxiranylmetoxy)fenyl]-l-etanón, ktorý s príslušnými amínmi poskytuje finálne látky. Tieto boli izolované bud vo forme volných báz, alebo solí s kyselinou fumárovou. Ich štruktúra bola potvrdená interpretáciou IČ, 1H-NMR a 13C-NMR spektier. V rámci farmakologického hodnotenia bol u pripravených látok sledovaný antikonvulzívny účinok ako ochranný efekt k pentetrazolovým kŕčom. Výsledky tohto hodnotenia boli porovnané s hodnotami ich distribučných koeficientov.
Within the framework of a structure-effect relationships study in a group of new β-adrenoreceptor blockers, a series of new derivatives derived from p-hydroxyacetophenone with modifications in the basic moiety of the side chain was prepared. The initial p-hydroxyacetophenone prepared by Fries rearrangement of phenylacetate in a reaction with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane yields l-[4-(2-oxiranylmetoxy)phenyl]-l-etanone, which combines with the appropriate amines to produce final substances. They were isolated either in the form of free bases, or salts with fumaric acid. Their structure was confirmed by interpretations of the IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR-spectra. Within the framework of pharmacological evaluation of the prepared agents, the anticonvulsive effect as a protective effect against pentetrazole spasms was examined. The results of the evaluation were compared with the values of their distribution coefficients.
Úvod, cíl studie: Kolorektální karcinom je jednou z nejzávažnějších malignit. Screening může redukovat jeho incidenci i mortalitu až po desítky procent. Každý region by měl optimalizovat screening vzhledem k daným podmínkám. Cílem prospektivní multicentrické studie bylo podat přehled záchytu kolorektálních neoplazií a posoudit potenciál koloskopie a screeningového programu. Výsledky: Vyhodnotili jsme 3 400 následných koloskopií provedených vletech 2009-2010. Dosažení céka se ve čtyřech pracovištích pohybovalo mezi 89 a 93 %, terminálního ilea mezi 73 a 87 %. Obě hodnoty byly významně vyšší než ve studii z roku 2005/2006. Výskyt pokročilých neoplazií ve věkových kategoriích < 40 let, 40-45,45-50 a > 50 let byl 0,9 %, 4,4 %, 12 % a 38,1 %. Nejčastější lokalizace pokročilých neoplazií byla rektosigma následovaná colon ascendens a cékum. Jen málo přes 50 % pokročilých neoplazií bylo potenciálně v dosažení sigmoidoskopu. Ve věku nad 40 let jsme hodnotili 2 126 koloskopií. 564 (26,5 %) bylo indikováno v rámci screeningu. Podíl žen na screeningu byl 43,4 %, výskyt pokročilých neoplazií byl u žen 15, 5 %, u mužů 19,1 %. U screenovaných osob udávajících pozitivní rodinnou anamnézu byl výskyt pokročilých neoplazií 4,3 %, u ostatních 32,6 %. V rámci screeningu po pozitivním TOK byl výskyt pokročilých neoplazií 21,2 % u primárních koloskopií 13,1 % a po neg. TOK 7,4 %. Průměrný věk v době screeningových koloskopií byl 50 let, u diagnostických koloskopií 58 let, u screeningových s pozitivní rodinnou anamnézou 45 let a screeningových s negativní rodinnou anamnézou 52 let. Závěr: Poměr screeningových koloskopií vzhledem k symptomatickým indikacím byl nad 40 let přibližně čtvrtinový a za čtyři roky se nezměnil. Zvýšila se schopnost dosažení céka i terminálního ilea. Záchyt kolorektálního karcinomu i jeho prekurzorů byl neobyčejně vysoký ve všech podskupinách. Poměrně značná část pokročilých neoplazií byla lokalizována mimo potenciální dosah sigmoidoskopu. Ve screeningu převažují muži, velký je poměr vyšetřovaných s pozitivní rodinnou anamnézou. Malou výtěžnost screeningu při pozitivní rodinné anamnéze lze vysvětlit významně nižším věkem. K vyšetření patrně přichází dříve, protože jsou o riziku informováni.
Introduction, aim of the study: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most serious malignancies. Screening may reduce its incidence as well as mortality by up to tens of percents. Each region should optimise screening with respecttothe specific conditions. This prospective multicenter study aimed to provide an overview of colorectal neoplasia detection and assess the potential of colonoscopy and the screening program. Results: We assessed 3,400 subsequent colonoscopies performed between 2009 and 2010. In four centres the caecum and the terminal ileum were reached in 89 to 93% and in 73 to 87% of patients, respectively. Both values were significantly higher than during the 2005/2006 study. The incidence of advanced neoplasia in the age categories up to 40, 40-45, 45-50 and over 50 years was 0.9%, 4.4%, 12% and 38.1%, respectively. The most frequent location of advanced neoplasia was the rectosigmoid followed by the colon ascendens and the caecum. Only slightly over 50% of advanced neoplasia were potentially within the reach of a sigmoidoscope. In the group aged > 40 years, we assessed 2,126 colonoscopies. 564(26.5%) were indicated within the screening. Women involved in the screening accounted for 43.4%; the incidence of advanced neoplasia was 15.5% in women and 19.1% in men. In the screened patients with positive family history, the incidence of advanced neoplasia equalled 4.3%, while it was 32.6% in the other patients. Within the screening, the incidence of advanced neoplasia was 21.2% after positive FOBT, 13.1% in primary colonoscopies and 7.4% after negative FOBT. The average age at the time of screening colonoscopies was 50 years, 58 years with diagnostic colonoscopies, 45 years with positive family history screening and 52 years with negative family history screening. Conclusion: The ratio of screening colonoscopies and symptomatic indications was approximately 1 to 4 in patients aged > 40 years and did not change in 4 years. The ability to reach the caecum as well as the terminal ileum increased. The detection of colorectal carcinoma and its precursors was extraordinarily high in all the subgroups. A relatively high proportion of advanced neoplasia was localised beyond the potential reach of the sigmoidoscope. Male patients prevail in the screening and there is a high proportion of patients with positive family history. The low yield of screening with positive family history can be explained by significantly lower age. They probably come for the examination earlier as they are informed about the risk.
- Klíčová slova
- kolorektální karcinom, screening, rodinná anamnéza,
- MeSH
- adenom patologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci epidemiologie MeSH
- karcinom patologie MeSH
- kolonoskopie metody využití MeSH
- kolorektální nádory diagnóza epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- okultní krev MeSH
- plošný screening metody MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- střevní polypóza diagnóza epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
To investigate the potential of eland for meat production, the yield, physical quality and chemical composition of seven muscles were characterized from both male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) carcasses. Although carcass weights did not differ, cows had greater biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST) and supraspinatus (SS) muscle yields. The semimembranosus (SM) from cows had the greatest drip loss and were more yellow (b*) than all muscles evaluated from both sexes. Shear force measurements showed no effect of sex but large variations between muscles existed (65.5 to 97.6 N). Moisture content was greater within the BF, SS, ST and infraspinatus (IS) than the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and SM. The LTL and IS had the lowest intramuscular fat content, while the LTL and SM muscle had the highest crude protein content. Sex had little effect on eland meat composition, showing potential for the meat of both sexes to be marketed as a lean meat source.
- MeSH
- antilopy * MeSH
- barva MeSH
- kosterní svaly anatomie a histologie chemie MeSH
- lipidy analýza MeSH
- maso analýza MeSH
- pevnost ve smyku MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- svalové proteiny analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Halotolerant bacteria get adapted to a saline environment through modified physiological/structural characteristics and may provide stress tolerance along with enhanced growth to the host plants by different direct and indirect mechanisms. This study reports on multiple halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from the coastal soils in Bangladesh, in fields where the halophytic wild rice Oryza coarctata is endemic. The aim was to find halotolerant bacteria for potential use as biofertilizer under normal/salt-stressed conditions. In this study, eight different strains were selected from a total of 20 rhizobacterial isolates from the saline-prone regions of Debhata and Satkhira based on their higher salt tolerance. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results of the rhizobacterial strains revealed that they belonged to Halobacillus, Bacillus, Acinetobactor, and Enterobactor genera. A total of ten halotolerant rhizobacteria (the other 2 bacteria were previously isolated and already reported as beneficial for rice growth) were used as both single inoculants and in combinations and applied to rice growing in pots. To investigate their capability to improve rice growth, physiological parameters such as shoot and root length and weight, chlorophyll content at the seedling stage as well as survival and yield at the reproductive stage were measured in the absence or presence (in concentration 40 or 80 mmol/L) of NaCl and in the absence or presence of the rhizobacteria. At the reproductive stage, only 50% of the uninoculated plants survived without setting any grains in 80 mmol/L NaCl in contrast to 100% survival of the rice plants inoculated with a combination of the rhizobacteria. The combined halotolerant rhizobacterial inoculations showed significantly higher chlorophyll retention as well as yield under the maximum NaCl concentration applied compared to application of single species. Thus, the use of a combination of halotolerant rhizobacteria as bioinoculants for rice plants under moderate salinity can synergistically alleviate the effects of stress and promote rice growth and yield.
Common carp is a major aquaculture species worldwide, commonly sold alive but also as processed headless carcass or filets. However, recording of processing yields is impossible on live breeding candidates, and alternatives for genetic improvement are either sib selection based on slaughtered fish, or indirect selection on correlated traits recorded in vivo. Morphological predictors that can be measured on live fish and that correlate with real slaughter yields hence remain a possible alternative. To quantify the power of morphological predictors for genetic improvement of yields, we estimated genetic parameters of slaughter yields and various predictors in 3-year-old common carp reared communally under semi-intensive pond conditions. The experimental stock was established by a partial factorial design of 20 dams and 40 sires, and 1553 progenies were assigned to their parents using 12 microsatellites. Slaughter yields were highly heritable (h2 = 0.46 for headless carcass yield, 0.50 for filet yield) and strongly genetically correlated with each other (rg = 0.96). To create morphological predictors, external (phenotypes, 2D digitization) and internal measurements (ultrasound imagery) were recorded and combined by multiple linear regression to predict slaughter yields. The accuracy of the phenotypic prediction was high for headless carcass yield (R2 = 0.63) and intermediate for filet yield (R2 = 0.49). Interestingly, heritability of predicted slaughter yields (0.48-0.63) was higher than that of the real yields to predict, and had high genetic correlations with the real yields (rg = 0.84-0.88). In addition, both predicted yields were highly phenotypically and genetically correlated with each other (0.95 for both), suggesting that using predicted headless carcass yield in a breeding program would be a good way to also improve filet yield. Besides, two individual predictors (P1 and P2) included in the prediction models and two simple internal measurements (E4 and E23) exhibited intermediate to high heritability estimates (h2 = 0.34 - 0.72) and significant genetic correlations to the slaughter yields (rg = |0.39 - 0.83|). The results show that there is a solid potential for genetic improvement of slaughter yields by selecting for predictor traits recorded on live breeding candidates of common carp.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate milk yield and its composition during the preweaning period for Sahelian goats (SG) and Anglo-Nubian (AN) crossbred depending on some factors. The experiments were conducted from January to December 2008 for 44 suckled and hand-milked does, randomized, and divided into two equal groups: SG (n = 22) and F(1) Anglo-Nubian × Sahelian goats (1/2AN; n = 22). The does and their offsprings were kept in a pen where they stayed indoors for 45 days before they were allowed outdoors when the weather was suitable. Each category received supplemental feeds depending on the season (rainy season, dry cold season, and dry hot season). The average daily milk yield was recorded weekly from parturition to 100 days of age. Individual milk samples were taken for chemical analysis in connection with the yield measurements twice per month from the fourth week of lactation throughout the different seasons (rainy, cold dry, and hot dry). The daily milk yield differed between breed types (P = 0.001) during the preweaning, while the effect of kids' sex on daily milk production was not significant. Litter size affected milk yield up to day 60 (P = 0.032) where does with twins producing more milk than those with single kid. However, at day 100, both groups had similar (P = 0.001) milk production. Total milk yield at weaning increased by 103 % in 1/2AN over SG. The highest concentration of total solids of milk was (12.76 %) recorded in the hot dry season. The results of this study indicate that crossbreeding native Sahelian goats with high potential Anglo-Nubian buck improved milk production and its composition.
- MeSH
- chov metody MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- kozy fyziologie MeSH
- křížení genetické MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- mlékárenství metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- odstavení MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mali MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The diagnostic utility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with cryptogenic ischaemic stroke (IS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) remains controversial. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines to estimate the pooled prevalence of potential cardioembolic causes detected by TEE in prospective observational studies of cryptogenic IS/TIA. Cardiac conditions causally associated with cerebral ischaemia were considered to be intramural thrombi and intracardiac tumors according to ASCO phenotyping of IS. RESULTS: Thirty-five eligible studies, comprising 5772 patients (mean age 53.6 years, 56.9% men) were identified. The most common TEE finding was ascending aorta and/or aortic arch atheroma [51.2% (27.4%-74.5%)], followed by patent foramen ovale (PFO) [43.2% (36.3%-50.4%)]. Complex aortic plaques and large PFOs were reported in 14% (10.2%-18.9%) and 19.5% (16.6%-22.8%) of TEE evaluations. The prevalence of atrial septal aneurysm was 12.3% (7.9%-18.7%) and was significantly higher in conjunction with PFO presence (risk ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.63-2.54, P < 0.001). The prevalence of left atrial thrombus [3.0% (1.1%-8.3%)] and spontaneous echo contrast [3.8% (2.3%-6.2%)] was low. The prevalence of intracardiac tumors was extremely uncommon [0.2% (0%-0.7%)]. Significant heterogeneity was identified (I(2) > 60%) in the majority of analyses. Heterogeneity was not affected by cryptogenic stroke definition (TOAST versus alternative criteria). After dichotomizing available studies using a cut-off of 50 years, PFO was significantly (P = 0.001) more prevalent in younger than in older patients. CONCLUSION: Routine TEE in patients with cryptogenic IS/TIA commonly identifies abnormal findings. However, the prevalence of cardiac conditions considered to be causally associated with cerebral ischaemia (intracardiac thrombi and tumors) is low.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda etiologie MeSH
- echokardiografie transezofageální statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- ischemie mozku etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci srdce komplikace diagnóza MeSH
- tranzitorní ischemická ataka etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), still represent a certain mystery in biology, have a unique property of dividing into equal cells and repopulating the hematopoietic tissue. This potential enables their use in transplantation treatments. The quality of the HSC grafts for transplantation is evaluated by flow cytometric determination of the CD34(+) cells, which enables optimal timing of the first apheresis and the acquisition of maximal yield of the peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). To identify a more efficient method for evaluating CD34(+) cells, we compared the following alternative methods with the reference method: hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) enumeration (using the Sysmex XE-2100 analyser), detection of CD133(+) cells, and quantification of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the PBSCs. 266 aphereses (84 patients) were evaluated. In the preapheretic blood, the new methods produced data that were in agreement with the reference method. The ROC curves have shown that for the first-day apheresis target, the optimal predictive cut-off value was 0.032 cells/mL for the HPC method (sensitivity 73.4%, specificity 69.3%). HPC method exhibited a definite practical superiority as compared to other methods tested. HPC enumeration could serve as a supplementary method for the optimal timing of the first apheresis; it is simple, rapid, and cheap.
- MeSH
- aldehyddehydrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- antigeny CD34 metabolismus MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- CD antigeny metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glykoproteiny metabolismus MeSH
- hematopoetické kmenové buňky cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- leukaferéza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- peptidy metabolismus MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The novel wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes Pm5V/Yr5V are introgressed from Dasypyrum villosum and fine mapped to a narrowed region in 5VS, and their effects on yield-related traits were characterized. The powdery mildew and stripe rust seriously threaten wheat production worldwide. Dasypyrum villosum (2n = 2x = 14, VV), a relative of wheat, is a valuable resource of resistance genes for wheat improvement. Here, we describe a platform for rapid introgression of the resistance genes from D. villosum into the wheat D genome. A complete set of new wheat-D. villosum V (D) disomic substitution lines and 11 D/V Robertsonian translocation lines are developed and characterized by molecular cytogenetic method. A new T5DL·5V#5S line NAU1908 shows resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust, and the resistances associated with 5VS are confirmed to be conferred by seedling resistance gene Pm5V and adult-plant resistance gene Yr5V, respectively. We flow-sort chromosome arm 5VS and sequence it using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system that allows us to generate 5VS-specific markers for genetic mapping of Pm5V/Yr5V. Fine mapping shows that Pm5V and Yr5V are closely linked and the location is narrowed to an approximately 0.9 Mb region referencing the sequence of Chinese Spring 5DS. In this region, a NLR gene in scaffold 24,874 of 5VS orthologous to TraesCS5D02G044300 is the most likely candidate gene for Pm5V. Soft- and hard-grained T5DL·5V#5S introgressions confer resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust in diverse wheat genetic backgrounds without yield penalty. Meanwhile, significant decrease in plant height and increase in yield were observed in NIL-5DL·5V#5S compared with that in NIL-5DL·5DS. These results indicate that Pm5V/Yr5V lines might have the potential value to facilitate wheat breeding for disease resistance.
