Personality profiler
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Tato recenze představuje poprvé novou psychodiagnostickou metodu Golden Profiler of Personality (dále jen GPOP), která navazuje na velmi populární dotazník MBTI. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) byl vytvořen během 2. světové války Katharine Cook Briggs a její dcerou Isabel Briggs Myers. MBTI se nikdy v ČR nedočkal oficiální verze. Autorem původní verze GPOP je John P. Golden. Česká verze, vydaná v Testcentru, byla připravena autorským týmem Václava Havlůje, Simony Hoskovcové a Markéty Niederlové. Původní test byl vydán v roce 2005 pod názvem Golden Personality Type Profiler společností Pearson Education (Sněhotová, 2010). GPOP používá 4 párové škály stejně jako MBTI a navíc další škálu reakce na stres. Metoda vychází ze dvou teoretických přístupů. Na jedné straně je to Jungovská typologie a na druhé koncepce Big Five. Bylo zjištěno, že existuje konceptuální překrývání dimenzí GPOP s Big Five.
Autoři předkládají klinicky využitelný způsob diagnostiky poruch osobnosti na základě nízkého skóru self-directedness (SD) v dotazníku C. R. Cloningera TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory) a konfigurace temperamentových typů novelty seeking, harm avoidance a reward dependence. Zjišťují temperamentové dimenze na souboru běžné mužské populace N = 543 (19–28 let). Česká vodítka dále přinášejí na dvou dalších starších souborech (N = 91, 60 mužů a 31 žen, 48–76 let; N = 125, 91 mužů a 34 žen, 22–68 let). Určují percentilové normy temperamentových dimenzí TCI pro českou populaci. Autoři navrhují interpretovat v klinické praxi SD mezi hranicí 1–2 standardní odchylky pod průměrem souboru jako trend k poruše osobnosti a SD pod hranicí 2 standardních odchylek jako poruchu osobnosti.
The authors present clinical approach for personality disorders diagnostics on the basis of low Self-directedness in C. R. Cloninger's TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory) and configuration of temperament profiles of novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence. They assess temperament dimensions in general male population (N = 543, age 19–28). Czech norms are presented for other two samples (N = 91, 60 men and 31 women, 48–76 yrs.; N = 125, 91 men and 34 women, age 22–68). They summarize Czech percentile norms for temperament dimensions of TCI. The authors suggest in clinical practice to interprete standard deviation 1–2 below mean as a trend to personality disorders and below 2 s.d. as personality disorders.
BACKGROUND: The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders and the latest eleventh version of the International Classification of Diseases implement the level of impairment in self and interpersonal personality functioning (Level of Personality Functioning Scale - LPFS) as a core feature of personality pathology. However, some studies have indicated that personality functioning is also impaired in other mental disorders, but a more thorough exploration is missing. Thus, this study aims to develop profiles of levels of personality functioning in people with personality disorders and some other psychiatric diagnoses as well as without diagnosis. METHODS: One-hundred-forty-nine people participated in the study. They came from three groups - healthy controls (n = 53), people with personality disorders (n = 58), and people with mood and anxiety disorders (n = 38). The LPFS was assessed by the Semi-structured Interview for Personality Functioning DSM-5 (STiP-5.1). An optimal clustering solution using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was generated to represent profiles of personality functioning. RESULTS: The two patient groups showed significantly higher levels of personality functioning impairment than healthy controls. People with personality disorders showed higher levels of impairment than the other groups. In addition, the clustering analysis revealed three distinct profiles of personality functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The impairment of personality functioning seems to be useful in the clinical assessment of other than personality disorders as well. As the resulting clustering profiles suggest, LPFS can be seen as an overall indicator of the severity of mental health difficulties and the presence of mental disorders symptoms. The LPFS provides valuable and detailed information about the individual's mental health and can thus serve as a broad basis for case formulation, treatment and therapy planning, and prognosis.
- MeSH
- Diagnostický a statistický manuál mentálních poruch MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osobnost * MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti * diagnóza MeSH
- psychometrie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- úzkost MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Background: An emerging body of research has begun to elucidate disturbances to social cognition in specific personality disorders (PDs). No research has been conducted on patients with Mixed Personality Disorder (MPD), however, who meet multiple diagnostic criteria. Further, very few studies have compared social cognition between patients with PD and those presenting with symptomatic diagnoses that co-occur with personality pathologies, such as anxiety disorder (AD). The aim of this study was to provide a detailed characterization of deficits to various aspects of social cognition in MPD and dissociate impairments specific to MPD from those exhibited by patients with AD who differ in the severity of personality pathology. Method: Building on our previous research, we administered a large battery of self-report and performance-based measures of social cognition to age-, sex- and education-matched groups of patients with MPD or AD, and healthy control participants (HCs; n = 29, 23, and 54, respectively). This permitted a detailed profiling of these clinical groups according to impairments in emotion recognition and regulation, imitative control, low-level visual perspective taking, and empathic awareness and expression. Results: The MPD group demonstrated poorer emotion recognition for negative facial expressions relative to both HCs and AD. Compared with HCs, both clinical groups also performed significantly worse in visual perspective taking and interference resolution, and reported higher personal distress when empathizing and more state-oriented emotion regulation. Conclusion: We interpret our results to reflect dysfunctional cognitive control that is common to patients with both MPD and AD. Given the patterns of affective dispositions that characterize these two diagnostic groups, we suggest that prolonged negative affectivity is associated with inflexible styles of emotion regulation and attribution. This might potentiate the interpersonal dysfunction exhibited in MPD, particularly in negatively valenced and challenging social situations.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cieľ: Výskum sa zaoberá analýzou vzťahov medzi osobnostnými dimenziami postulovanými v Cloningerovej teórii a poruchami osobnosti (PO) podľa DSM-IV. V súčasných klasifikačných systémoch sa na PO nazerá ako na kvalitatívne odlišné klinické syndrómy, ktoré je možné na základe diagnostických kritérií odlíšiť navzájom a taktiež od normálnej osobnosti. Dimenzionálny model PO predpokladá existenciu podobných vzťahov osobnostných dimenzií a prejavov porúch osobnosti aj na subklinickej úrovni. Predchádzajúce výskumy potvrdili, že dimenzie osobnosti v Cloningerovej teórii osobnosti môžu byť použité v diagnostike a diferenciálnej diagnostike porúch osobnosti. Materiál a metóda: Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 192 respondentov z bežnej, neklinickej populácie. Priemerný vek bol M = 34,48 a SD = 8,41. Medzi mužmi a ženami neboli štatisticky významné vekové rozdiely. Participanti vyplnili TCI-R a SCID-II-PQ. Výsledky: Analýza korelačných vzťahov medzi použitými metódami ukázala, že nízke skóre v charakterových dimenziách Sebariadenia a/alebo Spolupráce bolo typické takmer pre všetky poruchy (okrem obsedantno-kompulzívnej a histriónskej). Osobnostný profil temperamentu umožňuje rozlišovať medzi jednotlivými poruchami medzi klastra-mi podľa DSM-IV aj vo vnútri klastrov Klášter A bol okrem nízkej Spolupráce a Sebariadenia charakteristický aj vyššou mierou Vyhýbania sa poškodeniu a nižšou mierou Závislosti na odmene. Klaster B bol typický najmä vyšším skóre v dimenzii Vyhľadávanie nového. Pre Klaster C bola typická vysoká miera Vyhýbania sa poškodeniu. Záver: Výskum empiricky podporil využiteľnosť dimenzionálneho nazerania na poruchy osobnosti. Výsledky sú v súlade so zisteniami z predchádzajúcich výskumov, ktoré boli realizované na klinickej populácii. Limitom výskumu bola najmä absencia štruktúrovaného rozhovoru, ktorá by mala nasledovať po vyplnení skríningového dotazníku SCID-II-PQ, aby sa predišlo vysokej miere falošne pozitívnych prípadov.
Objectives: The aim of the research was analysis of the relationships between personality dimensions postulated in Clon-ingers theory and personality disorders (PD) in DSM-IV. Current classification systems of mental disorders look upon personality disorders as qualitatively different clinical syndromes, which can be distinguished from each other and from normal personality based on the diagnostic criteria. Dimensional model of personality disorders expects existence of similar relationships between personality dimensions and expression of personality disorders on subclinical level. A foregoing researches support that personality dimensions of Cloningers theory can be utilizable in diagnostic and differential-diagnostic process. Methods: Research sample consisted of 192 participants from general population. Mean age was M=34,48 and SD=8,41. There were no significant gender differences in age. Temperament Character Inventory and SCID-II-PQ were administered. Results: Analysis of correlational relationships revealed that low level of Self-Directedness and/or Cooperative -ness was typical for almost all personality disorders (except obsessive - compulsive and histrionic personality disorder). Profile of temperament dimensions allowed for differentiation between clusters but also within clusters. Cluster A was characteristic with lower Reward dependence and higher Harm avoidance. Cluster B was characteristic with higher levels of novelty seeking. Higher level of Harm avoidance was typical for cluster C. Conclusions: Research results brought further evidence of usefulness of dimensional model of personality disorder. Results are in line with foregoing researches on clinical population. Limitation of research was absence of structural interview after SCID-II-PQ screening which lead to high number of false positive diagnosis.
- Klíčová slova
- dimenzionální model, Cloningerův model,
- MeSH
- charakter MeSH
- Diagnostický a statistický manuál mentálních poruch MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osobnost MeSH
- osobnostní dotazník * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti * diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- psychologické modely MeSH
- psychometrie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- temperament * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This research aims to analyse the personality traits of social workers in different areas of social work using the NEO-FFI questionnaire, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the five main personality dimensions. Although this instrument is commonly used in psychological research, no studies are available to date that examine the personality structure of social workers using the NEO-FFI. This study, therefore, represents an innovative approach to understanding how personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) influence performance and satisfaction in this demanding profession. The results show statistically significant differences in personality traits between social workers and the general population, while the type of social service provided and the age group of clients do not have a statistically significant effect on these results. This study provides new insights into the personality profile of social workers, which may have practical implications for selection, education, and professional development in this field.
