Beta-cell function
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Acta endocrinologica, ISSN 0300-9750 vol. 108, suppl. 266, 1985
39 s. : tab., grafy ; 24 cm
Acta universitatis upsaliensis. Comprehensive summaries of Uppsala dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 0282-7476 860
70 s. : il. ; 24 cm
AIM: To study the impact of family history (FH) of type 2 diabetes mellitus on beta-cell compensatory mechanism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 70 women with PCOS, 14 with first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (FH+), 56 with negative FH of T2DM (FH-) and 72 age and BMI matched control healthy women (CNT) underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin resistance was evaluated as oral glucose index (OGIS); insulin and C-peptide secretion as the insulinogenic index in 30th min of OGTT. RESULTS: Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in FH+ than in FH- (p < 0.05). Fasting insulin was higher in FH+ than in CNT (p < 0.05). Fasting C-peptide was significantly higher in both FH- and FH+ than in CNT (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). OGIS was lower in FH+ than in FH- or in CNT (p < 0.05). Insulinogenic index calculated from C-peptide values (II-Cp) was lower in FH+ than in CNT (p < 0.05). Adaptation index calculated from the values of OGIS and insulinogenic index was significantly lower in FH+ than in CNT or in FH- (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance and defective early-phase insulin secretion is present only in those PCOS-affected subjects who had positive FH of T2DM.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- beta-buňky fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein genetika metabolismus MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glukózový toleranční test MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- inzulin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence genetika MeSH
- krevní glukóza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plocha pod křivkou MeSH
- syndrom polycystických ovarií genetika metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- testosteron metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- echokardiografie metody přístrojové vybavení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- endoteliny krev MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- funkce pravé komory srdeční fyziologie MeSH
- interleukin-6 krev MeSH
- katetrizace metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nízký srdeční výdej diagnóza etiologie ultrasonografie MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Despite the fact that environmental pollution has been implicated in the global rise of diabetes, the research on the impact of emerging pollutants such as novel flame retardants remains limited. In line with the shift towards the use of non-animal approaches in toxicological testing, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two novel flame retardants tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in rat (INS1E) and human (NES2Y) pancreatic beta-cell lines. One-week exposure to 1 μM and 10 μM TDCIPP and TPhP altered intracellular insulin and proinsulin levels, but not the levels of secreted insulin (despite the presence of a statistically insignificant trend). The exposures also altered the protein expression of several factors involved in beta-cell metabolic pathways and signaling, including ATP citrate lyase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, perilipins, glucose transporters, ER stress-related factors, and antioxidant enzymes. This study has brought new and valuable insights into the toxicity of TDCIPP and TPhP on beta-cell function and revealed alterations that might impact insulin secretion after more extended exposure. It also adds to the scarce studies using in vitro pancreatic beta-cells models in toxicological testing, thereby promoting the development of non-animal testing strategy for identifying pro-diabetic effects of chemical pollutants.
- MeSH
- beta-buňky * účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- homeostáza * účinky léků MeSH
- inzulin * metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organofosfáty toxicita MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny * toxicita MeSH
- proinsulin metabolismus MeSH
- retardanty hoření * toxicita MeSH
- sekrece inzulinu účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Loss of pancreatic beta cells is a central feature of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes, but a therapeutic strategy to preserve beta cell mass remains to be established. Here we show that the death receptor TMEM219 is expressed on pancreatic beta cells and that signaling through its ligand insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) leads to beta cell loss and dysfunction. Increased peripheral IGFBP3 was observed in established and at-risk T1D/T2D patients and was confirmed in T1D/T2D preclinical models, suggesting that dysfunctional IGFBP3/TMEM219 signaling is associated with abnormalities in beta cells homeostasis. In vitro and in vivo short-term IGFBP3/TMEM219 inhibition and TMEM219 genetic ablation preserved beta cells and prevented/delayed diabetes onset, while long-term IGFBP3/TMEM219 blockade allowed for beta cell expansion. Interestingly, in several patients' cohorts restoration of appropriate IGFBP3 levels was associated with improved beta cell function. The IGFBP3/TMEM219 pathway is thus shown to be a physiological regulator of beta cell homeostasis and is also demonstrated to be disrupted in T1D/T2D. IGFBP3/TMEM219 targeting may therefore serve as a therapeutic option in diabetes.
- MeSH
- beta-buňky metabolismus MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- homeostáza genetika MeSH
- IGFBP-3 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- imunoblotting MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši inbrední NOD MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- regulace genové exprese * MeSH
- signální transdukce genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
V posledních deseti letech došlo k mimořádně bouřlivému rozvoji molekulární biologie a genetiky. Denně přibývají nové poznatky umožněné nejen procesem vlastního výzkumu, ale též obrovským rozvojem jeho technologického zázemí. Uvedený rozvoj výzkumu přiblížil dobu, kdy výsledky výzkumu se stanou součástí praktické medicíny i jiných odvětví. Tak, jako jsme museli znát alespoň základy klasické biochemie, abychom porozuměli základům farmakologie, tak pro blízkou budoucnost bude nezbytné znát minimální základy molekulární biologie a genetiky, abychom byli schopni zodpovědně využívat možností diagnostiky a terapie nemocí, které nám současné výzkumy nabídnou. Proto se autor pokusil shrnout základní a zjednodušené informace o struktuře a funkci receptorů, o přenosu informace (signálu) z extracelulárního prostoru přes membránu do cytosolu a pak dále na úroveň transkripce. Na příkladu desenzitizace beta adrenoreceptoru je pak naznačena šíře složitosti popsaných procesů.
The extraordinary intensive development of the molecular biology and the genetics as well as the technological development supporting both sciences brought an unusual amount of our knowledges that were discovered in the past 10 years. The mentioned results of the research are still the closer part of the practical medicine. The basic knowledge of the molecular biology and the genetics became very important for the everyday medical practice. Therefore the author attempted to summarize and simplify the information about the structure and the function of the receptors and about the transduction of the signals from the extracellular side across the cell membranes to the cytosol and then to the transcriptional level. The example of the desensitization of beta 2-adrenoceptor was used to show the extensive difficulties of the described processes.
beta-Catenin plays a key role in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion as well as in canonical Wnt signaling. To study the role of beta-catenin during eye development, we used conditional Cre/loxP system in mouse to inactivate beta-catenin in developing lens and retina. Inactivation of beta-catenin does not suppress lens fate, but instead results in abnormal morphogenesis of the lens. Using BAT-gal reporter mice, we show that beta-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling is notably absent from lens and neuroretina throughout eye development. The observed defect is therefore likely due to the cytoskeletal role of beta-catenin, and is accompanied by impaired epithelial cell adhesion. In contrast, inactivation of beta-catenin in the nasal ectoderm, an area with active Wnt signaling, results in formation of crystallin-positive ectopic lentoid bodies. These data suggest that, outside of the normal lens, beta-catenin functions as a coactivator of canonical Wnt signaling to suppress lens fate
- MeSH
- beta-katenin fyziologie genetika MeSH
- buněčná adheze MeSH
- choristom genetika vrozené MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- morfogeneze genetika MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci nosu genetika vrozené MeSH
- oči embryologie MeSH
- oční čočka cytologie embryologie MeSH
- proteiny Wnt fyziologie MeSH
- signální transdukce genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- ektopické hormony metabolismus MeSH
- endokrinologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- interleukin-6 metabolismus MeSH
- intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- leptin analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom etiologie metabolismus prevence a kontrola MeSH
- obezita etiologie MeSH
- tělesná námaha MeSH
- TNF-alfa metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH