PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Men face distinctive health-related challenges as a result of biological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors. In addition, the modern healthcare system does not offer men equal opportunities and options to ensure sex-specific access and delivery to health services. Men's health concerns are, indeed, often not addressed or even forgotten. In this review, we wanted to assess the impact of biology and sociocultural effects on sex-specific life-expectancy. RECENT FINDINGS: Globally, men have a shorter life expectancy than women. With a 5.8 years gender gap in the USA and 5.4 in the EU-27 (both in 2022). Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and accidents continue to represent the primary causes of mortality for both genders with all having disproportional preponderance in men. In recent years, there has been a notable decline in age-adjusted mortality rates related to cancer, while there has been an increase in deaths from accidental and intentional self-harm. Moreover, in the United States, men are more likely than women to develop and die from nonsex-specific cancers. As a result, men's poor health affects productivity, absenteeism, and employment. SUMMARY: The status of men in healthcare is complex. It is rooted in history, culture, and institutions. To address disparities, we need a comprehensive approach that includes policy reforms, sociocultural changes, and a fair and equitable public discourse. Grassroots and top-down strategies are needed to ensure a value-based societal healthcare system acknowledging the unique health needs of men.

• MeSH
• disparity zdravotní péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naděje dožití * MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rovnost ve zdraví MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• zdraví mužů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates continue to rise, early detection of PCa remains highly controversial, and the research landscape is rapidly evolving. Existing systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) provide valuable insights, but often focus on single aspects of early detection, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the topic. We aim to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive SR of contemporary SRs covering different aspects of early detection of PCa in the European Union (EU) and the UK. METHODS: On June 1, 2023, we searched four databases (Medline ALL via Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Google Scholar. To avoid repetition of previous studies, only SRs (qualitative, quantitative, and/or MAs) were considered eligible. In the data, common themes were identified to present the evidence systematically. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: We identified 1358 citations, resulting in 26 SRs eligible for inclusion. Six themes were identified: (1) invitation: men at general risk should be invited at >50 yr of age, and testing should be discontinued at >70 yr or with <10 yr of life expectancy; (2) decision-making: most health authorities discourage population-based screening and instead recommend a shared decision-making (SDM) approach, but implementation of SDM in clinical practice varies widely; decision aids help men make more informed and value-consistent screening decisions and decrease men's intention to attempt screening, but these do not affect screening uptake; (3) acceptance: facilitators for men considering screening include social prompting by partners and clinician recommendations, while barriers include a lack of knowledge, low-risk perception, and masculinity attributes; (4) screening test and algorithm: prostate-specific antigen-based screening reduces PCa-specific mortality and metastatic disease in men aged 55-69 yr at randomisation if screened at least twice; (5) harms and benefits: these benefits come at the cost of unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnosis, and subsequent overtreatment; and (6) future of screening: risk-adapted screening including (prebiopsy) risk calculators, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood- and urine-based biomarkers could reduce these harms. To enable a comprehensive overview, we focused on SRs. These do not include the most recent prospective studies, which were therefore incorporated in the discussion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: By identifying consistent and conflicting evidence, this review highlights the evidence-based foundations that can be built upon, as well as areas requiring further research and improvement to reduce the burden of PCa in the EU and UK. PATIENT SUMMARY: This review of 26 reviews covers various aspects of prostate cancer screening such as invitation, decision-making, screening tests, harms, and benefits. This review provides insights into existing evidence, highlighting the areas of consensus and discrepancies, to guide future research and improve prostate cancer screening strategies in Europe.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
• Evropská unie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty * diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené království MeSH

Východiska: Rakovina prsu představuje v České republice nejčastěji se vyskytující maligní onemocnění u ženské populace. V důsledku zvyšující se incidence a stagnující až klesající mortality přibývá počet žen, které překonaly toto onemocnění a musí se vypořádat s nežádoucími vedlejšími účinky onkologické léčby. Jednou z možných nemedikamentózních intervencí, s cílem ovlivnit tyto negativní dopady, je pohybová aktivita. Materiál a metody: Hlavním cílem předkládané studie bylo posoudit vliv 12týdenního intervenčního pohybového programu na vybrané parametry, konkrétně na fyzickou zdatnost, hustotu kostní tkáně a kvalitu života u pacientek po ukončené kurativní léčbě rakoviny prsu. Dílčím cílem bylo vyhodnotit míru adherence k navrhovanému pohybovému programu. Do výzkumu bylo zařazeno 33 žen, které byly nerandomizovaným způsobem rozděleny do tří skupin – skupina SAPA podstupující řízené supervizované cvičení, skupina HAPA absolvující řízený domácí pohybový program a kontrolní skupina bez řízeného pohybového programu. Výsledky: Vstupní měření absolvovalo 28 žen (55,18 ± 11,46 roku, 165,32 ± 6,22 cm, 75,21 ± 15,93 kg, BMI 27,61 ± 5,78). VO2peak se zvýšilo u skupiny SAPA o 1,66 %, u skupiny HAPA o 1,29 %, zatímco u kontrolní skupiny došlo k poklesu o 15,10 % (p = 0,043; d = 0,908; common language effect size (CLES) = 73,97 %). Kostní hustota se v průměru nejvíce snížila u kontrolní skupiny (− 1,1 %; p = 0,028; d = 0,956, CLES = 75,05 %). Dotazníky kvality života nezaznamenaly statistický ani věcně významný výsledek. Průměrná adherence u skupiny SAPA byla 74,59 %, u skupiny HAPA 74,79 %. Závěr: Naše výsledky naznačují pozitivní přínos pohybového programu na fyzickou zdatnost a hustotu kostí bez rozdílu, zda se jednalo o supervizované nebo domácí cvičení. Naopak nemůžeme jednoznačně potvrdit přínos našeho pohybového programu na kvalitu života přeživších pacientek s rakovinou prsu. Adherence k programu byla průměrná u obou skupin.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring malignant disease in the female population in the Czech Republic. As a result of the increasing incidence and stagnant to decreasing mortality, the number of women who have overcome this disease and have to deal with the unwanted side effects of oncological treatment is increasing. One of the possible non-drug interventions to influence these negative effects is physical activity. Materials and methods: The main aim of the presented study was to assess the effect of a twelve-week interventional exercise program on selected parameters, specifically on physical fitness, bone tissue density and quality of life, in patients after completion of curative treatment for breast cancer. A partial goal was to evaluate the degree of adherence to the proposed exercise program. Thirty-three women were included in the research, and they were divided into three groups in a non-randomized way – the SAPA group undergoing controlled supervised exercise, the HAPA group completing a controlled home exercise program and a control group without a controlled exercise program. Results: Twenty-eight women completed the initial measurement (55.18 ± 11.46 years, 165.32 ± 6.22 cm, 75.21 ± 15.93 kg, BMI 27.61 ± 5,78). VO2peak increased by 1.66% in the SAPA group, by 1.29% in the HAPA group, and decreased by 15.10% in the control group (P = 0.043; d = 0.908; CLES = 73.97%). On average, bone density decreased most in the control group (−1.1%; P = 0.028; d = 0.956, CLES = 75.05%). The quality of life questionnaires did not record a statistically or objectively significant result. Average adherence in the SAPA group was 74.59%, and in the HAPA group, 74.79%. Conclusion: Our results indicate a positive benefit of an exercise program on physical fitness and bone density, whether for supervised or home exercise. On the contrary, we cannot unequivocally confirm the benefit of our exercise program on the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. The adherence to the program was average for both groups.

• MeSH
• adherence a compliance při léčbě statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kostní denzita MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• nerandomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti psychologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost psychologie   MeSH
• terapie cvičením * metody   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND/AIM: New generation androgen receptor-targeting agents (ARTA) have been in the spotlight for their efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) represents one of the most commonly used serum cancer biomarkers worldwide. The present retrospective study focused on the prognostic role of serum PSA isoforms and their early dynamics in mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone acetate (ABI) or enzalutamide (ENZ). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The association between outcomes of 334 mCRPC patients treated with ABI or ENZ and the levels of serum total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), [-2]proPSA and the Prostate Health Index (PHI) at baseline and one month after treatment initiation was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, baseline tPSA>50 μg/l (p<0.001), and [-2]proPSA>300 ng/l (p=0.017) remained independent significant factors associated with inferior OS, while baseline fPSA>1.75 μg/l (p=0.050) and Δ [-2]proPSA >-50% approached statistical significance (p=0.062). The results of ROC analyses assessing the ability of baseline tPSA, fPSA, and [-2]proPSA to predict mortality within two years showed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.709, 0.685, and 0.740, respectively. Among the subgroup with baseline tPSA≤20.0 μg/l, the results of ROC analyses for baseline tPSA, fPSA and [-2]proPSA showed AUC values of 0.441, 0.682, and 0.688, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a significant correlation between pretreatment serum levels of tPSA and [-2]proPSA with OS in mCRPC patients receiving ARTA.

• MeSH
• abirateron terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• androgenní receptory * krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• antagonisté androgenních receptorů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   MeSH
• nádory prostaty rezistentní na kastraci * farmakoterapie   krev   patologie   mortalita   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen * krev   MeSH
• protein - isoformy * krev   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

IMPORTANCE: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for mortality in patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, little evidence supports which smoking metric best models the association between smoking and survival in HNSCC. OBJECTIVE: To determine which smoking metric best models a linear association between smoking exposure and overall survival (OS) in patients with HNSCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective multicenter cohort study of 6 clinical epidemiological studies was performed. Five were part of the Human Papillomavirus, Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Genomic Research (VOYAGER) consortium. Participants included patients 18 years and older with pathologically confirmed HNSCC. Data were collected from January 2002 to December 2019, and data were analyzed between January 2022 to November 2024. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was OS. The performance of 8 smoking metrics, including pack-years, duration, and log cig-years (calculated as log10[cigarettes smoked per day + 1] × number of years smoked) for modeling OS were compared. Metric performance was measured by the strength of association in Cox proportional hazard models, linearity based on P for linear trend, Akaike information criterion (AIC; lower value indicates better model fit), and visual assessment of spline curves. Secondary outcomes included modeling OS in clinicodemographic subgroups and HNSCC anatomic subsites. Exploratory outcomes included cancer-specific survival and noncancer survival. RESULTS: In total, 8875 patients with HNSCC (2114 [24%] female; median [IQR] age, 61 [54-69] years) were included. Of 8 smoking metrics evaluated, smoking duration (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.03-1.19]) and log cig-years (aHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.18]) had the highest aHRs; both had a statistically significant linear association with OS. Log cig-years had the lowest AIC linear value and the most visually linear spline curve when modeling OS. Duration and log cig-years outperformed pack-years for modeling OS regardless of age, smoking status, and cancer stage. Both performed well in lip and oral cavity, laryngeal (only duration was significant), and human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal subsites. In an exploratory analysis, duration had the highest aHR (1.15 [95% CI, 1.02-1.29]), and log cig-years had the lowest AIC linear value when modeling noncancer survival. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, smoking duration and log cig-years best modeled a linear relationship with OS for patients with HNSCC. Both metrics maintained robust performance within specific clinicodemographic subgroups and anatomic subsites. Although most HNSCC survival models control for smoking exposure using smoking status or pack-years, duration and log cig-years may be superior metrics to account for the effects of smoking on survival.

• MeSH
• dlaždicobuněčné karcinomy hlavy a krku * mortalita   MeSH
• kouření cigaret * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kouření * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku * mortalita   MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To assess the oncological outcomes of patients with high-risk (HR) and very high-risk (VHR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with upfront radical cystectomy (RC) vs Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations from a contemporary European multicentre cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1491 patients diagnosed with HR- or VHR-NMIBC from a European multicentre database between 2015 and 2024. Patients were included if they received either upfront RC or at least five doses of BCG. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) according to clinically relevant variables was applied. Progression was defined as muscle-invasive or metastatic disease. Cumulative incidence plots and multivariable competing risk regression models addressing cancer-specific mortality (CSM) were fitted. RESULTS: Among the 1221 patients with HR- (n = 1221 [90%]) or VHR-NMIBC (n = 121 [10%]), 87 (7.1%) underwent upfront RC. The median follow-up was 2.6 years. After PSM (87 vs 87 patients), the 5-year CSM rate was similar in patients treated with BCG (13%) vs their upfront RC counterparts (16%) (hazard ratio: 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-4.73; P = 0.3). Of the 1134 patients who initially received BCG, 73 (6.6%) eventually required delayed RC, with 34 (47%) progressing to muscle-invasive bladder cancer before delayed RC. The 3-year CSM rate was comparable in upfront RC (13%) vs delayed RC (11%) among non-progressing patients (P = 0.3). However, patients who progressed before delayed RC had worse 3-year CSM relative to those who did not (13% vs 31%, hazard ratio: 0.32, 95% CI 0.13-0.83; P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Within a European cohort of patients with HR- and VHR-NMIBC, upfront RC was rarely performed. Patients treated with BCG did not exhibit a CSM disadvantage relative to their upfront RC counterparts. After matching, long-term CSM was similar between BCG therapy and upfront RC. Delayed RC, led to worse outcomes if performed after progression, but matched upfront RC when performed before progression, underscoring importance of timely surgery.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• BCG vakcína * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cystektomie * metody   MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře neinvadující svalovinu MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * patologie   mortalita   chirurgie   terapie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health and physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits and risks of marathon running on different organ systems has been published. MAIN BODY: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits and risks of marathon training and racing on different organ systems. A predefined search strategy including keywords (e.g., marathon, cardiovascular system, etc.) and free text search was used. Articles covering running regardless of sex, age, performance level, and event type (e.g., road races, mountain marathons) were considered, whereas articles examining only cycling, triathlon, stress-tests or other sports were excluded. In total, we found 1021 articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, of which 329 studies were included in this review. Overall, marathon training offers several benefits for different organ systems and reduces all-cause mortality. As such, it improves cardiovascular risk factors, leads to favorable cardiac adaptations, enhances lung function, and improves quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients. It also enhances gastrointestinal mobility and reduces the risk of specific tumors such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Marathon training enhances bone health and skeletal muscle metabolism. It further positively affects hematopoiesis and cytotoxic abilities of natural killer cells, and may act neuroprotective on a long-term basis. After a marathon, changes in biomarkers suggesting pathological events in certain organ systems such as cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, liver, hematological, immune, musculoskeletal, central nervous, and endocrine systems can often be observed. Mostly, these changes are limited to 1-3 days post-race and usually normalize within a week. Moreover, marathon running poses the risk of serious adverse events such as sudden cardiac death or acute liver failure. Concerning lung function, a decrease after a marathon race was observed. Acute kidney injury, as well as electrolyte imbalances, are relatively common amongst marathon finishers. Many runners complain of gastrointestinal symptoms during or after long-distance running. Many runners suffer from running-related musculoskeletal injuries often impairing performance. A marathon is often accompanied by an acute inflammatory response with transient immunosuppression, making runners susceptible to infections. Also, hormonal alterations such as increased cortisol levels or decreased testosterone levels immediately after a race are observed. Disturbances in sleep patterns are commonly found in marathon runners leading up to or directly after the race. CONCLUSION: All in all, marathon training is generally safe for human health and individual organ systems. Considering the high popularity of marathon running, these findings supply athletes, coaches, sports scientists, and sports medicine practitioners with practical applications. Further large-scale studies examining long-term effects on the cardiovascular, renal, and other system are needed.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Adult and paediatric patients with pathogenic variants in the gene encoding succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunit B (SDHB) often have locally aggressive, recurrent or metastatic phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Furthermore, SDHB PPGLs have the highest rates of disease-specific morbidity and mortality compared with other hereditary PPGLs. PPGLs with SDHB pathogenic variants are often less differentiated and do not produce substantial amounts of catecholamines (in some patients, they produce only dopamine) compared with other hereditary subtypes, which enables these tumours to grow subclinically for a long time. In addition, SDHB pathogenic variants support tumour growth through high levels of the oncometabolite succinate and other mechanisms related to cancer initiation and progression. As a result, pseudohypoxia and upregulation of genes related to the hypoxia signalling pathway occur, promoting the growth, migration, invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells. These factors, along with a high rate of metastasis, support early surgical intervention and total resection of PPGLs, regardless of the tumour size. The treatment of metastases is challenging and relies on either local or systemic therapies, or sometimes both. This Consensus statement should help guide clinicians in the diagnosis and management of patients with SDHB PPGLs.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feochromocytom * genetika   terapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory nadledvin * genetika   terapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• paragangliom * genetika   terapie   MeSH
• sukcinátdehydrogenasa genetika   MeSH
• zárodečné mutace genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Karcinom jícnu a žaludku jsou onemocnění s vážnou prognózou. Zatímco co se incidence karcinomu žaludku snižuje, incidence nádorů gastroezofageální junkce a jícnu narůstá. Muži jsou postiženi častěji než ženy. Navzdory určitému pokroku v posledních 10 letech je úmrtnost specifická pro nádorové onemocnění velmi vysoká a dosahuje 70 %. Prognózu pacienta určuje především stadium, ale také histologie, celkový stav a komorbidity. U časných a lokalizovaných stadií je léčebný přístup kurativní, vyžadující komplexní péči již v průběhu neoadjuvantní terapie. Nutriční podpora je zásadní součástí předoperační přípravy, centra specializovaná na operativu jícnu a žaludku stále více adoptují koncept prehabilitace. Hlavními léčebnými modalitami jsou endoskopie, chirurgie, systémová léčba a radioterapie. U lokálně pokročilého skvamózního karcinomu je standardem léčby neoadjuvantní chemoradioterapie následovaná pooperační imunoterapií, nebylo-li dosaženo patologické kompletní remise, alternativou je u pacientů s komorbiditami definitivní chemoradioterapie. U adenokarcinomu je první volbou perioperační chemoterapie FLOT, která prokázala lepší výsledky než chemoradioterapie. Chemoradioterapie má své místo u pacientů, kteří by netolerovali FLOT, či v případě snahy o dosažení vyšší lokální kontroly. MSI-high nádory mohou být primárně operovány. Dle výsledků studií fáze II se u skupiny pacientů s MSI-high nádory jeví jako nejúčinnější léčba neoadjuvantní imunoterapie, ať samostatně, či v kombinaci s chemoterapií. Tento přístup vede k počtu patologických kompletních remisí okolo 60 % a je nadějným orgán záchovným postupem. U HER2 pozitivních nádorů může být zvážena předoperační systémová terapie s trastuzumabem, neboť dokladuje významně vyšší počet patologických kompletních remisí a nabízí možnost dosažení vyššího počtu R0 resekce. Tento postup však ještě není akceptovaným standardem ve všech evropských zemích. U oligometastatického onemocnění je v individuálních případech možné zvážit chirurgické řešení primárního nádoru i metastáz u pacientů, kteří odpovídají na systémovou léčbu. Ovlivnění celkové doby života je však dokladováno pouze u pacientů s retroperitoneálním postižením a bez peritoneálních metastáz.

Esophageal and gastric cancer are diseases with a serious prognosis. While the incidence of gastric cancer is decreasing, the incidence of the gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer is increasing. Men are affected more often than women. Despite some progress in the last 10 years, cancer-specific mortality is very high, reaching 70%. The prognosis is mainly determined by the stage, histology, general condition and comorbidities. The treatment approach is curative for early and localized stages, requiring comprehensive care already during neoadjuvant therapy. Nutritional support is an essential part of preoperative preparation, and centres specializing in esophagogastric surgery are increasingly adopting the concept of prehabilitation. The main treatment modalities are endoscopy, surgery, systemic therapy and radiotherapy. In locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by postoperative immunotherapy is the standard of care, if pathological complete remission has not been achieved. Definitive chemoradiotherapy is an alternative in patients with comorbidities. For adenocarcinoma, perioperative FLOT chemotherapy is the first choice and has shown better results than chemoradiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy has its place in patients who would not tolerate FLOT or when trying to achieve a higher response rate. According to phase II studies, patients with MSI-high tumours could be treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy, alone or in combination with chemotherapy; this approach has led to a pathological complete remission rate of approximately 60% and is a promising organ-preserving approach. For HER2-positive tumours, preoperative systemic therapy with trastuzumab may be considered as it demonstrates a significantly higher number of pathological complete remissions and offers the possibility of achieving a higher R0 resection rate. In oligometastatic disease, surgical management of the primary tumour and metastases may be considered in individual cases in patients who respond to systemic therapy. However, an impact on overall survival has only been documented in patients with retroperitoneal involvement and no peritoneal metastases.

• MeSH
• doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory jícnu * chirurgie   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• nádory žaludku * chirurgie   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie MeSH
• perioperační péče * MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: In the era of standardized outcome reporting, it remains unclear if widely used comorbidity and health status indices can enhance predictive accuracy for morbidity and long-term survival outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this monocentric study, we included 468 patients undergoing open RC with pelvic lymph node dissection for bladder cancer between January 2009 and December 2017. Postoperative complications were meticulously assessed according to the EAU guideline criteria for standardized outcome reporting. Multivariable regression models were fitted to evaluate the ability of ASA physical status (ASA PS), Charlson comorbidity index (± age-adjustment) and the combination of both to improve prediction of (A) 30-day morbidity key estimates (major complications, readmission, and cumulative morbidity as measured by the Comprehensive Complication index [CCI]) and (B) secondary mortality endpoints (overall [OM], cancer-specific [CSM], and other-cause mortality [OCM]). RESULTS: Overall, 465 (99%) and 52 (11%) patients experienced 30-day complications and major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥IIIb), respectively. Thirty-seven (7.9%) were readmitted within 30 days after discharge. Comorbidity and health status indices did not improve the predictive accuracy for 30-day major complications and 30-day readmission of a reference model but were associated with 30-day CCI (all P < .05). When ASA PS and age-adjusted Charlson index were combined, ASA PS was no longer associated with 30-day CCI (P = .1). At a median follow-up of 56 months (IQR 37-86), OM, CSM, and 90-day mortality were 37%, 24%, and 2.9%, respectively. Both Charlson and age-adjusted Charlson index accurately predicted OCM (all P < .001) and OM (all P ≤ .002) but not CSM (all P ≥ .4) and 90-day mortality (all P > .05). ASA PS was not associated with oncologic outcomes (all P ≥ .05). CONCLUSION: While comorbidity and health status indices have a role in predicting OCM and OM after RC, their importance in predicting postoperative morbidity is limited. Especially ASA PS performed poorly. This highlights the need for procedure-specific comorbidity assessment rather than generic indices.

• MeSH
• cystektomie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidita MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * patologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace etiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH