Úvod: Po mnoho let byla zlatým standardem lokalizace nehmatných zhoubných nádorů prsu pomocí Frankova vodiče. Tento je v poslední době na mnoha pracovištích nahrazován modernějšími lokalizačními technikami. Metody: Jedná se o retrospektivní case control studii porovnávající dvě lokalizační techniky (jódové zrno 125I a Frankův vodič) k lokalizaci nehmatných nádorů u pacientek s histologicky verifikovaným karcinomem prsu. Výsledky: Do studie bylo zařazeno 62 pacientek – 31 s lokalizací zhoubného tumoru prsu jódovým zrnem (podsoubor 125I) a 31 Frankovým vodičem (podsoubor FV). Průměrný objem resekátu v podsouboru 125I (46,2 cm3) byl statisticky významně menší ve srovnání s podsouborem FV (83,7 cm3; p = 0,0063). R0 resekce bylo dosaženo v 29 případech (93,5 %) v podsouboru 125I a v 24 případech (77,4 %) v podsouboru FV (p = 0,0714). V případě podsouboru 125I nebyla reresekce indikována ani v 1 případě, v případě podsouboru FV byla reresekce pro dosah tumoru k okraji indikována v 6 případech (19,4 %; p = 0,01). Závěr: Naše první zkušenosti ukazují, že použití jódových zrn pro lokalizaci nehmatných nádorů prsu je ve srovnání s lokalizací pomocí Frankova vodiče spojeno s odběrem menšího objemu resekátu a trendem k častějšímu dosahování R0 resekce. V podskupině pacientek s lokalizací jódovým zrnem byl menší podíl reresekcí pro nedostatečný bezpečnostní okraj.

Introduction: For many years, the gold standard in the localization of non-palpable malignant breast tumors has been the use of wire-guided method. However, this has recently been replaced by more modern localization techniques in many institutions. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study comparing two localization techniques (iodine seed 125I and wire-guided localization) for localizing non-palpable tumors in patients with histologically verified breast carcinoma. Results: The study included 62 patients – 31 with localization of malignant breast tumor by iodine seed (subgroup 125I) and 31 by wire-guided localization (subgroup FV). The average volume of the resected tissue in subgroup 125I (46.2 cm3) was statistically significantly smaller compared to subgroup FV (83.7 cm3; P = 0.0063). R0 resection was achieved in 29 cases (93.5%) in subgroup 125I and in 24 cases (77.4%) in subgroup FV (P = 0.0714). In subgroup 125I, re-resection was not indicated in any case, while in subgroup FV, re-resection due to tumor reaching the margin was indicated in 6 cases (19.4%; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Our initial experience show that the use of iodine seeds for localizing non-palpable breast tumors is associated with the removal of a smaller volume of resected tissue compared to wire-guided localization, with a trend towards more frequent achievement of R0 resection. In the subgroup of patients localized with iodine seeds, there was a smaller proportion of re-resections due to inadequate safety margins.

• Keywords
• Frankův vodič,
• MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms * surgery   diagnostic imaging   pathology   MeSH
• Iodine Radioisotopes * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Margins of Excision MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Epidemiologic Methods MeSH
• Carcinoma etiology   MeSH
• Smoking MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Rectal Neoplasms etiology   MeSH
• Intestinal Diseases MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Comparative Study MeSH

• MeSH
• Drug and Narcotic Control economics   organization & administration   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Legislation, Drug MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Farmacie. Farmakologie
• NML Fields
• farmacie a farmakologie
• NML Publication type
• studie

Úvod: Více než 50 % pacientů na světě umírá v nemocničních zařízeních a péče o takové pacienty je finančně náročná. Naším cílem bylo zjistit, zda podpora paliativního týmu může tyto náklady snížit. Metody: Jedná se o retrospektivní case-control studii prováděnou v české fakultní nemocnici. Prozkoumali jsme rozdíly v denních nákladech na péči pacientů, kteří zemřeli s podporou paliativního týmu a těch, kteří zemřeli bez ní, v období od ledna roku 2019 do dubna roku 2020. Data z národních registrů byla použita k párování intervenční a odpovídající kontrolní skupiny. Zároveň jsme porovnávali skupiny dle délky terminální hospitalizace, doby strávené na jednotce intenzivní péče, dávkách i.v. antibiotik, CT a MRI snímků, onkologické léčby v posledním měsíci života a zaznamenání faktu, že se jedná o umírajícího nemocného. Standardní deskriptivní statistika byla použita k popisu dat. Pro porovnání mezi intervenční a kontrolní skupinou bylo využito Fisherova exaktního testu pro kategorické proměnné a Mannova-Whitneyho U testu pro numerická data. Výsledky: Celkem bylo identifikováno 213 párů. Průměrné denní náklady na skupinu pacientů v péči paliativního týmu byly třikrát nižší (4 392,4 Kč/den = 17,3 EUR) než na skupinu pacientů bez paliativního týmu (13 992,8 Kč/den = 545,8 EUR), což bylo pravděpodobně spojeno s kratší dobou hospitalizace na odděleních JIP (16 % proti 33 % dní hospitalizace). Závěr: Ukázali jsme, že integrace paliativního týmu v procesu umírání může vést k významné finanční úspoře. Tato data mohou podpořit zavádění nemocniční paliativní péče v rozvojových zemích.

Background: More than 50% of patients worldwide die in hospitals and end-of-life care is costly. We aimed to explore whether support from the palliative team can influence end-of-life costs. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective case–control study conducted at a Czech tertiary hospital. We explored the difference in daily hospital costs between patients who died with and without the support of the hospital palliative care team from January 2019 to April 2020. Big data from registries of routine visits were used for case–control matching. As secondary outcomes, we compared the groups over the duration of the terminal hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) days, intravenous antibiotics, magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography scans, oncological treatment in the last month of life, and documentation of the dying phase. Standard descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and differences between the case and control groups were tested using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for numerical data. Results: In total, 213 dyads were identified. The average daily costs were three times lower in the palliative group (4392.4 CZK per day = 171.3 EUR) than in the nonpalliative group (13992.8 CZK per day = 545.8 EUR), and the difference was probably associated with the shorter time spent in the ICU (16% vs. 33% of hospital days). Conclusions: We showed that the integration of the palliative care team in the dying phase can be cost saving. These data could support the implementation of hospital palliative care in developing countries.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Costs and Cost Analysis statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Health Care Costs statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Palliative Care economics   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and potentially life-threatening psychiatric disorder. Pharmacotherapeutic possibilities still remain limited. We sought to determine if there was a positive effect on body weight and body mass index (BMI) in AN patients being treated for depression or anxiety with mirtazapine. METHODS: Using a case-control design, we found nine female patients with AN who had been treated with mirtazapine for depression or anxiety during hospitalization in our department. We also found nine female controls with AN, who had not received any pharmacotherapy. The two groups of patients were matched according to age and BMI. Case and control groups did not differ significantly in age (15.2 +/- 1.9 Vs. 14.7 +/- 1.7 years; P = 0.549), or in BMI (15.6 +/- 2.3 Vs. 15.6 +/- 2.1; P = 0.946) at baseline. Weight and BMI were evaluated at baseline and again after the patients had completed 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The mean dose of mirtazapine was 21.7 +/- 1.8 mg at the end of week 4. Using ANOVA Repeated Measures, we found no significant differences between cases and controls with regard to weight (P = 0.981) or BMI (P = 0.576). However, there was a non-significant trend in patients which had been treated with mirtazapine which showed slightly more improvement, in the measured parameters, at the end of weeks 1, 2 and 3, compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Results are limited by small sample size. However, the use of mirtazapine could be useful in the treatment of AN in adolescence.

• MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic therapeutic use   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Anorexia Nervosa drug therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Mianserin analogs & derivatives   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Drug Administration Schedule MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Female MeSH

V nemocniční analytické studii případů a kontrol zaměřené na zhoubný novotvar prostaty provedené na Urologické klinice FNKV v Praze v letech 1996–1997 bylo analyzováno celkem 181 případůkarcinomu prostaty a 277 kontrol mužů s jiným nenádorovým urologickým onemocněním. Průměrný věk případů nově diagnostikovaného novotvaru prostaty byl 70,8 let, průměrný věk zemřelýchmužů (celkem 83 pacientů) byl 72,8 let. V době stanovení diagnózy mělo již 44,2 % případů distantnímetastázy ve skeletu. Pětileté kumulativní přežívání nemocných s karcinomem prostaty bylo v tétostudii 53,4 %. Statisticky významné rozdíly mezi případy s karcinomem prostaty a kontrolami bylyprokázány ve výsledcích vyšetření prostatického specifického antigenu (PSA) a alkalické fosfatázy.Ostatní druhy vyšetření prostaty, a to jak biochemické, palpační, nebo sonografické, neprokázalystatisticky významné rozdíly mezi případy a kontrolami.Zavedení kombinace palpačního vyšetření prostaty s vyšetřením PSA v rámci preventivních prohlídek mužů starších než 50 let představuje v současnosti jedinou možnost, jak zvýšit záchytnostdiagnostikovaných novotvarů prostaty v latentním, terapeuticky a prognosticky příznivějším stadiu.

In a hospital-based analytical case-control study of prostate cancer conducted during 1996–1997 atthe Urological clinics of FNKV Prague 10, 181 cases of prostate cancer and 277 controls of males withnon cancerous urological disease were analysed. Mean age of newly diagnosed cases of prostatecancer was 70.8 years, mean age of death (83) from this cancer was 72.8 years. At the time of diagnosis44,2% cases had already remote metastases in bones. Five-year cumulative survival rate of the caseswas in this study 53.4%. Statistically significant differences were observed in examination ofprostatic specific antigene (PSA) and alkaline phosphatase. Results of other biochemical examina-tions, digital rectal examination or sonography of the prostate did not show statistically significantdifferences between cases and controls.Implementation of both digital rectal examination and PSA examination into the scheme of preven-tive medical examination of males over 50 years of age represents the only possibility how to increasethe proportion of the prostatic cancer diagnosed in early latent stage and thus therapeutically andprognostically more favourable.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prostatic Neoplasms complications   epidemiology   MeSH
• Prostate-Specific Antigen blood   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 genetics   MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Parkinson Disease genetics   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Letter MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Hungary MeSH
• Poland MeSH
• Romania MeSH
• Slovakia MeSH

BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of vision loss in individuals aged ≥ 65 years in developed countries. This study aimed to determine the associations between modifiable risk factors and AMD. This is the first study describing the relationship between lifestyle factors and AMD in the Czech Republic. METHODS: In this cross-sectional case-control study, 93 AMD cases and 58 controls without AMD and cataract were included. All participants were examined by Optical coherence tomography at the Clinic of Eye Treatment at the University Hospital Brno. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-report questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. RESULTS: We found significant associations between those who were living in the city (OR 95% CI: 2.19 (1.0-4.6); p = 0,039), with a positive family history of AMD (OR 95% CI: 12.75 (1.6-98.6); p = 0,015), exposure to cigarette smoke (OR 95% CI: 2.72 (1.4-5.4); p = 0,004), and daily exposure to passive smoking (OR 95% CI: 2.29 (1.0-5.1); p = 0,045) and AMD. In men, we found significant associations between daily sunlight exposure (OR 95% CI: 2.98 (1.0-8.5); p = 0,041), short or long sleep duration (OR 95% CI: 3.98 (1.2-13.2); p = 0,024) and AMD. Men daily exposed to sunlight were at a 2.98 times higher risk of AMD than men with less than daily sunlight exposure. Men with short or long sleep duration (< 6 and > 8 h) were at a 3.98 times higher risk of AMD than men with recommended sleep duration of 6-8 h. CONCLUSIONS: An increased risk of AMD was observed for living in the city, family history of AMD, exposure to cigarette smoke, and daily exposure to passive smoking. Increased risk of AMD was observed for daily sunlight exposure and short or long sleep duration; however, only in men.

• MeSH
• Smoking adverse effects   epidemiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Macular Degeneration * epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Tomography, Optical Coherence * MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Life Style * MeSH
• Tobacco Smoke Pollution adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Dental caries is a widespread multifactorial disease, caused by the demineralization of hard dental tissues. Susceptibility to dental caries is partially genetically conditioned; this study was aimed at finding an association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins involved in amelogenesis with this disease in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, 15 SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, AMELX, KLK4, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes were analyzed in 150 children with primary dentition and 611 children with permanent teeth with/without dental caries from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort. RESULTS: Dental caries in primary dentition was associated with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs198968, rs2242670), and dental caries in permanent dentition with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs2235091, rs2242670, rs2978642), (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences between cases and controls were observed in the allele or genotype frequencies of any of the selected SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes (p > 0.05). Some KLK4 haplotypes were associated with dental caries in permanent dentition (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, we found that although the SNPs in AMELX and KLK4 are localized in intronic regions and their functional significance has not yet been determined, they are associated with susceptibility to dental caries in children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: AMELX and KLK4 variants could be considered in the risk assessment of dental caries, especially in permanent dentition, in the European Caucasian population.

• MeSH
• Amelogenesis * genetics   MeSH
• Amelogenin genetics   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Dental Caries * genetics   epidemiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Contraceptives, Oral adverse effects   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms MeSH
• Health Surveys MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Comparative Study MeSH