DIOS
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Hypothalamic Adult Neurogenesis (hAN) has been implicated in regulating energy homeostasis. Adult-generated neurons and adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the hypothalamus control food intake and body weight. Conversely, diet-induced obesity (DIO) by high fat diets (HFD) exerts adverse influence on hAN. However, the effects of anti-obesity compounds on hAN are not known. To address this, we administered a lipidized analogue of an anti-obesity neuropeptide, Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP), so-called LiPR, to mice. In the HFD context, LiPR rescued the survival of adult-born hypothalamic neurons and increased the number of aNSCs by reducing their activation. LiPR also rescued the reduction of immature hippocampal neurons and modulated calcium dynamics in iPSC-derived human neurons. In addition, some of these neurogenic effects were exerted by another anti-obesity compound, Liraglutide. These results show for the first time that anti-obesity neuropeptides influence adult neurogenesis and suggest that the neurogenic process can serve as a target of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy.
BACKGROUND: Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) is characterized by hyperferritinemia and normal transferrin saturation level with components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Among cases of MS, we determined those with DIOS and their characterizations, then we evaluated the association between plasma catecholamines status and hypertension in DIOS. METHODS: We compared 101 hypertensive patients with 50 healthy participants (control group). Iron (iron, transferrin, and ferritin), insulin, and plasma catecholamine (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine), profiles were measured for both groups. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and transferrin saturation were also calculated. RESULTS: Out of 101 hypertensive patients, 64 were diagnosed with MS, and 6 of the latter met the DIOS diagnostic criteria. Significantly, DIOS patients were older and had lower body mass index (BMI) compared with hypertensive non-DIOS patients with p-values of (0.026), and (0.033), respectively. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine levels did not differ significantly between DIOS and non-DIOS patients. CONCLUSIONS: Of the MS patients, 9.3% were diagnosed with DIOS. Accordingly, complete iron profiling should be performed routinely in the cases of MS for early diagnosis of DIOS, to prevent future complications. Further studies are required to test the hypothesis linking older age and lower BMI with the pathogenesis of DIOS.
The growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but spatially resolved, large-scale analyses are largely missing so far. Here we estimate recent changes in growth of 5800 beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 324 sites, representing the full geographic and climatic range of species. Future growth trends were predicted considering state-of-the-art climate scenarios. The validated models indicate growth declines across large region of the distribution in recent decades, and project severe future growth declines ranging from -20% to more than -50% by 2090, depending on the region and climate change scenario (i.e. CMIP6 SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Forecasted forest productivity losses are most striking towards the southern distribution limit of Fagus sylvatica, in regions where persisting atmospheric high-pressure systems are expected to increase drought severity. The projected 21st century growth changes across Europe indicate serious ecological and economic consequences that require immediate forest adaptation.
- MeSH
- buk (rod) * MeSH
- klimatické změny MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- období sucha MeSH
- stromy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- přístup k informacím * MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Due to the lack of protective immunity in the general population and the absence of effective antivirals and vaccines, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues in some countries, with local epicentres emerging in others. Due to the great demand for effective COVID-19 testing programmes to control the spread of the disease, we have suggested such a testing programme that includes a rapid RT-qPCR approach without RNA extraction. The Direct-One-Step-RT-qPCR (DIOS-RT-qPCR) assay detects severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than one hour while maintaining the high sensitivity and specificity required of diagnostic tools. This optimised protocol allows for the direct use of swab transfer media (14 μL) without the need for RNA extraction, achieving comparable sensitivity to the standard method that requires the time-consuming and costly step of RNA isolation. The limit of detection for DIOS-RT-qPCR was lower than seven copies/reaction, which translates to 550 virus copies/mL of swab. The speed, ease of use and low price of this assay make it suitable for high-throughput screening programmes. The use of fast enzymes allows RT-qPCR to be performed under standard laboratory conditions within one hour, making it a potential point-of-care solution on high-speed cycling instruments. This protocol also implements the heat inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 (75 °C for 10 min), which renders samples non-infectious, enabling testing in BSL-2 facilities. Moreover, we discuss the critical steps involved in developing tests for the rapid detection of COVID-19. Implementing rapid, easy, cost-effective methods can help control the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 infection.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major epidemiological problem. Metformin and vildagliptin are well-established antidiabetic drugs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of plasma metabolic profile induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and subsequent oral administration of metformin, vildagliptin, and their combination in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO)/T2DM analyzed using quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS). Metformin treatment increased the levels of butyrylcarnitine and acylcarnitine C18:1 concentrations and decreased the levels of isoleucine concentrations compared to untreated HFD mice. Vildagliptin treatment increased levels of butyrylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine. In summary, our metabolomics study revealed multiple differences between obese diabetic HFD mice and lean standard chow diet (SCD) mice, which were partially modifiable by subsequent metformin and vildagliptin treatment.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev komplikace farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- metabolomika * MeSH
- metformin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- obezita krev komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- vildagliptin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Distální intestinální obstrukční syndrom (DIOS) patří mezi střevní komplikace cystické fibrózy (CF). Znamená kompletní či inkompletní střevní obstrukci viskózním střevním obsahem, nejčastěji v oblasti terminálního ilea a proximálního kolon. V klinickém obraze dominují bolesti břicha, zejména v pravém dolním kvadrantu, s hmatnou rezistencí naplněného střeva, zvracením, zástavou větrů a stolice. Z paraklinických vyšetření se využívá počítačová tomografie k odlišení DIOS od ostatních bolestivých symptomů pravého podbřišku. Léčba inkompletního DIOS spočívá v rehydrataci společně s podáváním iso-osmotického změkčovadla stolice. Léčba kompletního DIOS může být zpočátku léčena konzervativně. Při neúspěšnosti či rozvoji ileozního stavu nebo známek peritoneálního dráždění je indikována operační revize. Zkušenosti s touto problematikou demonstrujeme na následující kazuistice.
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) belongs to intestinal complications of cystic fibrosis (CF). It is characterized by complete or incomplete obstruction of the intestine with inspissated intestinal contents, most frequently in the terminal ileum, caecum and ascending colon. The most common clinical manifestation is crampy abdominal pain, generally located in the right lower quadrant, with a palpable mass of replete bowels and vomiting. Computer tomography scan (CT) can differentiate DIOS from other painful disorders in the right hypogastrium. Patients with incomplete DIOS usually respond to oral rehydration and osmotic laxatives. Those with complete DIOS should be treated from below with hyperosmolar contrast enemas. Patients with signs of peritonitis may require surgical treatment. We present our experience with DIOS on the following case report.
- Klíčová slova
- distální intestinální obstrukční syndrom,
- MeSH
- adherence pacienta MeSH
- bolesti břicha diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- cystická fibróza * komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- ileostomie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- projímadla terapeutické užití MeSH
- střevní obstrukce * chirurgie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- střevní píštěle etiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- transplantace plic MeSH
The situation following anti-obesity drug termination is rarely investigated, eventhough a decrease in body weight needs to be sustained. Therefore, this study examined the impact of twice-daily peripheral administration of 5 mg/kg [N-palm-γGlu-Lys11] prolactin-releasing peptide 31 (palm11-PrRP31) in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO from consuming a high-fat diet) after 28 days of treatment (palm11-PrRP31 group) and after 14 days of peptide treatment followed by 14 days of discontinuation (palm11-PrRP31 + saline group). At the end of the treatment, cumulative food intake, body weight and subcutaneous fat weight/body weight ratio and leptin plasma level were reduced significantly in both the palm11-PrRP31 group and the palm11-PrRP31 + saline group compared to the saline control group. This reduction correlated with significantly increased FOSB, a marker of long-term neuronal potentiation, in the nucleus arcuatus and nucleus tractus solitarii, areas known to be affected by the anorexigenic effect of palm11-PrRP31. Moreover, activation of leptin-related hypothalamic signaling was registered through an increase in phosphoinositide-3-kinase, increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB, AKT) and enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Besides, lowered apoptotic markers c-JUN N-terminal kinase and c-JUN phosphorylation were registered in the hypothalami of both palm11-PrRP31-treated groups. This study demonstrates that palm11-PrRP31 positively affects feeding and leptin-related hypothalamic signaling, not only after 28 days of treatment but even 14 days after the termination of a 14-day long treatment without the yo-yo effect.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- fosforylace MeSH
- hormon uvolňující prolaktin metabolismus MeSH
- hypothalamus metabolismus MeSH
- leptin metabolismus MeSH
- leptinové receptory metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši obézní MeSH
- neurony metabolismus MeSH
- omezení příjmu potravy krev MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Aim:To summarize relevant information on the creation and validation of the Quality of Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) assessment instrument. Design:A literature review. Methods: To search for studies, the first two steps ofastandard evidence-based healthcare approach were used: 1) formulation of a search question and 2) structured documented search including assessment of the relevance of abstractsand full text of studies to the search question and inclusion criteria. Inrelevant studies, the level of evidence was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute categories. Results: Out of 212results of two-step search in scholarly databases and grey literature sources, only three literature resources were relevant. The newly developed Q-DIO instrument was assessed by its authors using content and face validation (100% consensus of experts and 88.25% agreement), intrarater (r = 0.98; p <0.0001;κ=0.95;p< 0.0001) and interrater reliability (r=0.99; p< 0.0001, κ=0.95;p< 0.0001) and internal consistency of the concepts of the instrument (Cα = 0.83; Cα = 0.98; Cα = 0.90;Cα=0.99). Item analysis was carried out to determine both difficulty and discriminative validity of the items. Conclusion: Q-DIO was by the authors marked as valid assessment instrument by its authors. However, since the assessed instrument items are formulatedwithout identifying currently valid NNN nomenclature terminology, they should be specified prior to a particular assessment ofthe quality of nursing documentation.
Previous studies indicate that hypothalamic prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), signaling via GPR10 and neuropeptide FF2 receptor, is involved in energy homeostasis, stress responses, and cardiovascular regulation. Energy homeostasis depends on the balance between food intake regulation and energy expenditure, in which the hypothalamus plays a key role. The lipidization of PrRP31 with palmitoyl acid allows it to produce its anorexigenic effect after repeated peripheral administration and to reduce body weight and improve metabolic parameters in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The aim of this study was to reveal the transient and long-lasting changes in neuronal activity via c-Fos and FosB immunohistochemistry in brain nuclei related to food intake regulation and energy homeostasis during the first days of treatment with a newly designed lipidized analog of PrRP31 (palm11-PrRP31) with promising antiobesity effects. The data revealed that the anorexigenic effect of repeated application of palm11-PrRP31 was associated with delayed but gradually significantly reduced cumulative food intake in mice as well as with a significant reduction in their body weight. Moreover, while the repeated application of palm11-PrRP31 was associated with a significant reduction in acute cell activity in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) compare to its acute treatment, both acute and long-lasting cell activity in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) were increased. The data indicate that DMN neurons might be tonically activated after repeated administration of lipidized PrRP analogs that may be associated with the process of long-term adaptation to modified energy homeostasis.
- MeSH
- energetický metabolismus MeSH
- hormon uvolňující prolaktin metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- hypothalamus účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- lipidy farmakologie MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- neurony metabolismus MeSH
- nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- obezita farmakoterapie MeSH
- přijímání potravy účinky léků MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos metabolismus MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
