Jednostranná statická záťaž, minimálna pohybová aktivita a zvýšené psychické napätie zohrávajú významnú úlohu pri vzniku bolesti chrbta. V rámci komplexnej rehabilitácie je doporučované striedanie ergonomických sedov a relaxačných sedov. Ide však len o statické pozície s predpokladaným minimalizujúcim negatívnym vplyvom na pohybový systém. V našom príspevku prezentujeme perspektívny a účinnejší terapeuticko - preventívny prístup, ktorým je dynamizácia ergonomického sedu. Z pohľadu kinezioterapie predstavuje dynamizácia sedu koaktiváciu svalových skupín prostredníctvom pohybových synergii typu uzavretých reťazcov, facilitujúc posturálny systém. Testovali sme hypotézu, či dynamizácia ergonomického sedu môže byť parciálnou prevenciou funkčnej patológie pohybového systému u pacientov so sedavvm zamestnaním. Vyšetrili a sledovali sme 25 subjektov. Sledovanie pozostávalo z hodnotenia bolestí pomocou vizuálnej analógovej škály (VAS) a z objektívneho klinického a posturografického vyšetrenia počas sedu a stoja. Pacientov sme vyšetrili pred rehabilitáciou, po rehabilitácii a po mesiaci sedenia na vzduchom plnenom PC vankúši. Vyhodnotenie VAS poukázalo na významný ústup pocitu bolesti po rehabilitácii ako aj po mesiaci sedenia na PC vankúši. Posturografické vyšetrenie oporných síl pri sede na molitane so zatvoreným očami ukázalo významné zlepšenie stability sedu po rehabilitácii a po mesiaci sedenia na PC vankúši. Po rehabilitácii ako aj po dynamizácii sedu sme zaznamenali tendenciu k úprave postúry v stoji so zatvorenými očami a extenziou hlavy. Naše výsledky podporujú predpoklad, že dynamizácia ergonomického sedu na PC vankúši, by mohla byť dôležitou zložkou prevencie a liečby funkčnej patológie pohybového systému.
Stereotype in static load, minimal motor activity and psychic tension results often in low back pain. Based on present knowledge, for complex motor rehabilitation is supposed an alternation of ergonomic sitting condition with decreased static load and also relaxed sitting position. These rehabilitation approaches are of course only static positions where minimal negative influence on motor system is predicted. In our contribution we presents the perspective approach for effective therapy and prevention - an dynamic condition in the ergonomic sitting position. From point of view of kinesiotherapy the dynamic sitting means an coactivation of muscle groups through motion synergies of type closed up chains facilitating posture system. We tested hypothesis that the increase of dynamic condition during the ergonomic sitting position could be a partial prevention of the functional pathology of locomotor system in patients whose sitting position is the most common working posture. We observed 25 patients. Our observation was based on: patientës evaluation of pain by visual analog scale, physical examination, and postural activity measurement on posturography during sitting and in the upright posture. Patient was evaluated: before rehabilitation after rehabilitation and after one-month period of dynamic sitting in ergonomic position on air pillow. Assessment of pain showed significant decrease of pain after rehabilitation and after dynamic condition of seating on air pillow. During seating on soft support with eyes closed results showed significant improvement of sitting posture after rehabilitation and after dynamic sitting. Influence of rehabilitation and dynamic condition of seating on postural stability showed a tendency of balance improvement in upright posture with eyes closed and head extension. Our results support a view that the dynamic condition of seating on air pillow might be an important part of therapy and prevention of functional pathology of locomotors system
Pacienti s vertebrogenními obtížemi jsou obvykle vyšetřováni pomocí magnetické rezonance (MR) pouze v nehybné poloze na zádech. Za těchto podmínek nelze dostatečně zhodnotit morfologický nález, neboť ten může být za různých posturálních situací odlišný. Potvrzují to výsledky vyšetření pomocí MR ve stoji nebo za dynamických podmínek, například v předklonu nebo záklonu. Vzhledem k tomu, že v současné době v České republice neexistuje možnost zobrazení pomocí MR za těchto posturálních podmínek, využíváme při MR vyšetření provokace stabilizační svalové aktivity. Pro oblast bederní páteře se nám osvědčuje hodnotit dynamické děje na MR během flexe dolních končetin proti odporu, resp. gravitaci, protože pacient neaktivuje pouze flexory kyčelních kloubů, ale i svaly stabilizující páteř. Dané vyšetření nám umožňuje posoudit hmotu a tvar disku, pohyb disku, stabilitu, resp. instabilitu, změny regionálních anatomických parametrů a v neposlední řadě i vztah disku k probíhajícím nervovým kořenům při posturálním zatížení za dynamických kautel. Poruchy v dynamickém chování měkkotkáňových struktur během posturální zátěže jsou pak často důvodem, proč nekoreluje velikost morfologického nálezu vyšetřeného pouze vleže na zádech s obtížemi pacienta a neurologickými příznaky. Vyšetření stability pomocí dynamických MR snímků může také přispět k rozhodnutí o volbě typu operačního postupu.
Patients with vertebrogenic problems are usually examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the stationary, relaxed supine position only. This position, however, does not allow sufficient evaluation of morphological findings since these may vary under different postural, spine-loading situations. This has been confirmed by MRI assessment with the patient standing or by dynamic MRI assessment with the patient bending forwards or backwards. At this time, there is no MRI device in the Czech Republic that permits assessment with the patient standing or bending, so we perform MRI assessment while inducing stabilizing muscle activity. For lumbar spine evaluation, MRI analysis at the same time as hip flexion against some small resistance or just gravity proves to be spine-loading and therefore dynamic, since the patient needs to activate not only hip flexors, but also spinal stabilizers. Such an MRI assessment allows for intradiscal movement, shape measurement, and a degree of stability, allowing regional anatomical parameter measurements and analysis of disc/nerve root relationships during dynamic postural loading. Disturbed function of soft tissue structures in response to various postural situations may result in discrepancies between subjective symptoms, neurological signs, and morphological findings arising out of the static supine position. Stability analysis by means of dynamic MRI studies may also assist in determining the optimum surgical procedure for any given patient.
- Keywords
- vertebrogenní syndromy, posturální funkce, dynamická magnetická rezonance,
- MeSH
- Lumbar Vertebrae physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Back Pain diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological utilization MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Electromyography methods utilization MeSH
- Drug Therapy methods utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods utilization MeSH
- Neurosurgical Procedures methods utilization MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods utilization MeSH
- Posture physiology MeSH
- Postural Balance physiology MeSH
- Physical Therapy Modalities utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Research on dance interventions (DIs) in the elderly has shown promising benefits to physical and cognitive outcomes. The effect of DIs on resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) varies, which is possibly due to individual variability. In this study, we assessed the moderation effects of residual cognitive reserve (CR) on DI-induced changes in dynamic rs-FC and their association on cognitive outcomes. Dynamic rs-FC (rs-dFC) and cognitive functions were evaluated in non-demented elderly subjects before and after a 6-month DI (n = 36) and a control group, referred to as the life-as-usual (LAU) group (n = 32). Using linear mixed models and moderation, we examined the interaction effect of DIs and CR on changes in the dwell time and coverage of rs-dFC. Cognitive reserve was calculated as the residual difference between the observed memory performance and the performance predicted by brain state. Partial correlations accounting for CR evaluated the unique association between changes in rs-dFC and cognition in the DI group. In subjects with lower residual CR, we observed DI-induced increases in dwell time [t(58) = -2.14, p = 0.036] and coverage [t(58) = -2.22, p = 0.030] of a rs-dFC state, which was implicated in bottom-up information processing. Increased dwell time was also correlated with a DI-induced improvement in Symbol Search (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). In subjects with higher residual CR, we observed a DI-induced increase in coverage [t(58) = 2.11, p = 0.039] of another rs-dFC state, which was implicated in top-down information processing. The study showed that DIs have a differential and behaviorally relevant effect on dynamic rs-dFC, but these benefits depend on the current CR level.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Účinnou metodou omezení rozvoje předčasných degenerativních změn v oblasti kolene vrcholových sportovců je snížení rizika úrazů. Cílem studie bylo popsat vliv tréninku propriocepce ve sportovní přípravě na vnímání pohybu kolene, a tím snížit riziko poranění. Principem neuromuskulárního tréninku je získat senzomotorickou kontrolu a dosáhnout dobrou funkční stabilitu pro snížení rizika úrazu vazivového aparátu kolene, jehož následky se mohou podílet na rozvoji posttraumatické artrózy. V hodnoceném souboru bylo 21 mužů a věkový průměr činil 32,7 roku (rozmezí 23–35 let). Sportovci prodělali artroskopickou parciální mediální meniskektomii. Neměli poškození vazivového aparátu kolene. Tegnerovo skóre aktivity bylo průměrně 9,4 (rozsah hodnot 8–10). Po dobu dvou měsíců 2–3x týdně zařadili do své tréninkové jednotky nácvik dynamické stability kolene. Vyšetřeni byli na počátku sledování na nestabilní podušce a dále každý měsíc. Výsledek byl porovnáván s jejich subjektivním hodnocením kontroly pohybu kolene v tréninku. V úvodním vyšetření mělo 18 sportovců dynamickou nestabilitu kolene, po 2 měsících cvičení zůstali pouze dva. Subjektivně hodnotilo pozitivní efekt cvičení 19 sportovců. Pouze jeden sportovec nedokončil sledování z důvodu zranění. Naše studie ukázala možnost nácviku propriocepce ve sportovním tréninku jako jednu z metod vedoucí k omezení rizika úrazů vazivového aparátu kolene.
A reduction in the risk of injuries has been an effective method of restricting premature degenerative diseases of the knee in top-level sportsmen. The aim of this study was to describe the influence of dynamic stability training on the perception of movement in the training activities of sportsmen and hence to reduce the risk of injuries. The purpose of neuromuscular training is to improve the sensor-motor control and to achieve good functional stability to reduce the risk of knee ligament injury, the consequences of which may be involved in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. A group of 21 sportsmen (mean age 32.7y) with a history of knee arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy was tested. The average Tegner activity score was 9.4. The sportsmen included the dynamic stability control exercise in their training two or three times a week for the period of two months. They were examined at baseline and then every month. The results were compared with the sportsman’s subjective assessment of the knee movement control in training. Eighteen sportsmen had a dynamic instability at baseline and after two months of neuromuscular training this number dropped down to two. Nineteen sportsmen subjectively evaluated the result of their neuromuscular training as positive. Only one sportsman did not complete the follow-up due to injury. Our study has demonstrated the possibility to use dynamic stability control of the knee as a method reducing the risk of ligament injury.
- MeSH
- Exercise physiology MeSH
- Knee Joint physiology physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Knee Injuries physiopathology prevention & control rehabilitation MeSH
- Postural Balance MeSH
- Proprioception physiology MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Athletic Injuries physiopathology prevention & control rehabilitation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Východiska: Dynamická neuromuskulární stabilizace (DNS) je populárním a často používaným konceptem, který se primárně zabývá fyzioterapií a nápravou pohybového aparátu. Původně je DNS využívaná především v terapeutickém prostředí, ale rozšířila se i do léčby sportovců a prevence poruch pohybového aparátu. Přesah v používání DNS lze sledovat i na (asymptomatické) dětské populaci. Cíle: Cílem článku je analýza vědecké evidence o DNS týkající se sportovců, dětí a mládeže. Dílčím cílem je zhodnotit, zda je možné, na základě dostupných dat, považovat DNS za vhodný prostředek přípravy (léčby) sportovců a zda představuje prvek vhodný do školní tělesné výchovy (TV). Metodika: Bylo provedeno scoping review, které se orientovalo na vyhledání zdrojů v kontextu DNS a následně na texty, které pracovaly se soubory buď dětí, mládeže nebo sportovců. Vyhledávání proběhlo pomocí klíčových slov: „dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation“, „DNS“, „functional assessment“, „developmental kinesiology“, „postural stabilisation“, „postural control“, „sports rehabilitation“ a využity byly databáze Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed a Google Scholar. Výsledky: Po vyřazení nevhodných zdrojů (přehledové články, teoretické stati apod.) zůstalo celkem 41 relevantních zdrojů. Studie zaměřené na skupiny dětí a sportovců byly podrobně popsány a diskutovány. Existuje velmi malá evidence potvrzující pozitivní efekt DNS u sportovců, který se odráží ve zvyšování sportov- ního výkonu nebo prevenci zranění. K věkové skupině dětí staršího školního věku jsou k dispozici pouze omezené informace, mladším dětem se nevěnovala žádná studie. Závěry: Zatím nemáme dostatečná data, která by adekvátně podpořila implementaci DNS do přípravy či terapie sportovců. Shodný stav konstatujeme také pro zařazení DNS do školní TV. Pro obě oblasti by byla vhodná další vědecká činnost.
Background: Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) is a popular and frequently used concept primarily dealing with physiotherapy and musculoskeletal correction. Initially, DNS is primarily used in therapeutic settings, but has expanded into the treatment of athletes and the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. Overlap in the use of DNS can also be seen in the (asymptomatic) paediatric population. Objective: The aim of this article is to analyse the scientific evidence on DNS in athletes, children, and adolescents. A sub-objective is to assess whether, based on the available data, DNS can be considered as a suitable tool for the preparation (treatment) of athletes and whether it represents an element suitable for physical education (PE). Methods: A scoping review was conducted, which focused on finding sources in the context of DNS and then on papers that worked with either children, adolescents, or athletes. The search was conducted using the keywords: 'dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation', 'DNS', 'functional assessment', 'developmental kinesiology', 'postural stabilisation', 'postural control', 'sports rehabilitation' and used the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Results: After removing inappropriate sources (review articles, theoretical papers, etc.), a total of 41 relevant sources remained. Studies focusing on groups of children and athletes were described and discussed in detail. There is very little evidence to support a positive effect of DNS in athletes, resulting in increased athletic performance or injury prevention. There is also limited information on the older school-age group, and no studies have focused on younger children. Conclusions: there are not yet sufficient data to adequately support the implementation of DNS in the training or therapy of athletes. We conclude that the same is true for the inclusion of DNS in PE. Both areas would benefit from further research.
- Keywords
- dynamická neuromuskulární stabilizace,
- MeSH
- Kinesiology, Applied MeSH
- Qualitative Research MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Postural Balance * physiology MeSH
- Rehabilitation methods MeSH
- Athletes * MeSH
- Physical Education and Training MeSH
- Sports Medicine * MeSH
- Exercise Therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Hexameric arginine repressor, ArgR, is the feedback regulator of bacterial L-arginine regulons, and sensor of L-arg that controls transcription of genes for its synthesis and catabolism. Although ArgR function, as well as its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, is essentially the same in E. coli and B. subtilis, the two proteins differ significantly in sequence, including residues implicated in the response to L-arg. Molecular dynamics simulations are used here to evaluate the behavior of intact B. subtilis ArgR with and without L-arg, and are compared with prior MD results for a domain fragment of E. coli ArgR. Relative to its crystal structure, B. subtilis ArgR in absence of L-arg undergoes a large-scale rotational shift of its trimeric subassemblies that is very similar to that observed in the E. coli protein, but the residues driving rotation have distinct secondary and tertiary structural locations, and a key residue that drives rotation in E. coli is missing in B. subtilis. The similarity of trimer rotation despite different driving residues suggests that a rotational shift between trimers is integral to ArgR function. This conclusion is supported by phylogenetic analysis of distant ArgR homologs reported here that indicates at least three major groups characterized by distinct sequence motifs but predicted to undergo a common rotational transition. The dynamic consequences of L-arg binding for transcriptional activation of intact ArgR are evaluated here for the first time in two-microsecond simulations of B. subtilis ArgR. L-arg binding to intact B. subtilis ArgR causes a significant further shift in the angle of rotation between trimers that causes the N-terminal DNA-binding domains lose their interactions with the C-terminal domains, and is likely the first step toward adopting DNA-binding-competent conformations. The results aid interpretation of crystal structures of ArgR and ArgR-DNA complexes.
- MeSH
- Allosteric Regulation MeSH
- Arginine chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Bacillus subtilis chemistry genetics metabolism MeSH
- Bacterial Proteins chemistry genetics metabolism MeSH
- Entropy MeSH
- Escherichia coli chemistry genetics metabolism MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical MeSH
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand MeSH
- Protein Domains MeSH
- Regulon genetics MeSH
- Repressor Proteins chemistry genetics metabolism MeSH
- Amino Acid Sequence MeSH
- Sequence Alignment MeSH
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation MeSH
- Protein Binding MeSH
- Hydrogen Bonding MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Oxidative stress can lead to various derivatives of the tyrosine residue in peptides and proteins. A typical product is 3-nitro-L-tyrosine residue (Nit), which can affect protein behavior during neurodegenerative processes, such as those associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique with potential for detecting peptides and their metabolic products at very low concentrations. To explore the applicability to Nit, we use SERS to monitor tyrosine nitration in Met-Enkephalin, rev-Prion protein, and α-synuclein models. Useful nitration indicators were the intensity ratio of two tyrosine marker bands at 825 and 870 cm-1 and a bending vibration of the nitro group. During the SERS measurement, a conversion of nitrotyrosine to azobenzene containing peptides was observed. The interpretation of the spectra has been based on density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The CAM-B3LYP and ωB97XD functionals were found to be most suitable for modeling the measured data. The secondary structure of the α-synuclein models was monitored by electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD) spectroscopies and modeled by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results suggest that the nitration in these peptides has a limited effect on the secondary structure, but may trigger their aggregation.
- MeSH
- Azo Compounds chemistry MeSH
- Circular Dichroism MeSH
- Peptides chemical synthesis chemistry MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman methods MeSH
- Protein Structure, Secondary MeSH
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation MeSH
- Density Functional Theory MeSH
- Tyrosine analogs & derivatives analysis MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Cieľ: Cieľom práce je určiť, ktorý spôsob chirurgickej liečby intervertebrálneho disku v krčnej chrbtici má väčší efekt na dizabilitu, funkčný stav a kvalitu života pacientov. Súbor a metodika: V tejto prospektívnej, konzekutívnej, klinickej štúdii sa porovnávala dizabilita, funkčný stav a kvalita života u skupiny 48 pacientov, ktorí podstúpili prednú cervikálnu discektómiu a implantáciu klietky – anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) so skupinou 40 pacientov, ktorí podstúpili prednú cervikálnu discektómiu a implantáciu dynamickej náhrady - dynamic cervical implant (DCI). Dysfunkcia krčnej chrbtice bola hodnotená prostredníctvom testu Neck Disability Index (NDI). Funkčný stav pacientov bol hodnotený pomocou Pulses Profilu a kvalita života bola hodnotená testom kvality života podľa Spitzera. Výsledky: Štatistickým vyhodnotením výsledkov dotazníka (NDI, Pulses a Spitzer) medzi porovnávanými skupinami pacientov sa nezistili žiadne významné rozdiely (p> 0,05). Dvanásť mesiacov po operácii skupina pacientov s ACDF a pacientov s DCI vykazovali signifikantne nižšiu mieru dizability, zvýšenie funkčného stavu a zlepšenie kvality života. Medzi týmito skupinami ale neboli štatisticky významné rozdiely. Záver: Obidve metódy chirurgickej liečby (ACDF a DCI) vykazujú po uplynutí dvanástich mesiacov od operácie porovnateľne pozitívny vplyv na dizabilitu, funkčný stav a kvalitu života pacientov, ktorí sa podrobili operácii medzistavcovej platničky krčnej chrbtice.
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to determine which surgical treatment method of intervertebral disc in the cervical spine has better effect on disability, functional status and quality of life of patients. Sample and methods: In this prospective, consecutive, clinical study, we compare disability, functional status, and quality of life in a group of 48 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and implantation of a Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Cage (ACDF), and a group of 40 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and Dynamic Cervical Implant (DCI) arthroplasty. Dysfunction of the cervical spine was assessed according to the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Functional status of patients was evaluated by Pulses Profile and quality of life was evaluated by the Test of Quality of Life according to Spitzer. Results: Statistical evaluation of the questionnaire results (NDI, Pulses and Spitzer) between the compared groups of patients found no significant differences (p>0.05). Twelve months post-surgery the group of ACDF patients and the patients with DCI displayed reduced disability, increased functional status, and improved quality of life. However, there were no significant differences between these groups. Conclusion: The use of both methods of the surgical treatment (ACDF and DCI) for the period of twelve months show comparably positive effect on disability, functional status, and quality of life in patients who underwent intervertebral disc surgery in the cervical spine.
- Keywords
- umělá náhrada ploténky,
- MeSH
- Arthroplasty methods MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials therapeutic use MeSH
- Diskectomy methods MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Cervical Vertebrae surgery MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Intervertebral Disc * surgery MeSH
- Neurosurgical Procedures * methods MeSH
- Spine surgery MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
We present a group of 20 patients who underwent transposition of the extensor carpi radialis longus to the extensor pollicis longus between April 2003 and September 2007. The group was divided into ten patients with an early dynamic splint and ten patients with a static plaster cast following the standard rehabilitation protocols. We compared these two rehabilitation protocols. The post-rehabilitation total range of motion was 87.5 degrees in the dynamic group and 58.75 degrees in the patients treated by the static protocol. The total time of rehabilitation was 10.2 weeks in the dynamic and 14.2 weeks in the static group. The overall mean follow-up was 12.2 weeks. We conclude that early dynamic splinting brings shorter recovery time, shorter time off work and significantly better movement of the thumb.
- MeSH
- Splints MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Recovery of Function MeSH
- Thumb surgery physiopathology MeSH
- Postoperative Complications MeSH
- Tendon Injuries surgery rehabilitation MeSH
- Tendon Transfer methods MeSH
- Rehabilitation, Vocational MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Range of Motion, Articular MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Aged MeSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the cytotoxicity of gingival margin retraction astringents based on aluminium chloride, aluminium sulphate, and ferric sulphate (solutions and gels) in human fibroblasts isolated from gingiva. The cytocompatibility of ten astringent-based chemical retraction agents: Gingiva Liquid, Alustin, Racestypine, Orbat sensitive, Astringedent®, Alustat, Hemostat, Racécord, Gel cord and ViscoStat®, in dilutions of 1 : 10 and 1 : 20, with human gingival fibroblasts was investigated. The MTT assay was performed to determine oxidoreductive mitochondrial function after 3, 5, 10 min and 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was determined according to the chemical group, concentration, exposure time, and the clinical form of the gingival retraction agents. Ferric sulphate- based agents were the most cytotoxic, followed by aluminium chloride and aluminium sulphate. The form of the astrigents influenced cell viability. The evaluated astringents may have cytotoxic potential for gingival margin tissues under clinical conditions.
- MeSH
- Astringents toxicity MeSH
- Coloring Agents diagnostic use MeSH
- Chlorides toxicity MeSH
- Fibroblasts drug effects MeSH
- Gingiva cytology drug effects MeSH
- Alum Compounds toxicity MeSH
- Cells, Cultured MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction drug effects MeSH
- Aluminum Compounds toxicity MeSH
- Tetrazolium Salts diagnostic use MeSH
- Thiazoles diagnostic use MeSH
- Cell Survival drug effects MeSH
- Ferric Compounds toxicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
