Current mobility patterns over-rely on transport modes that do not benefit sustainable and healthy lifestyles. To explore the potential for active mobility, we conducted a randomized experiment aimed at increasing regular commuter cycling in cities. In designing the experiment, we teamed up with developers of the "Cyclers" smartphone app to improve the effectiveness of the app by evaluating financial and non-financial motivational features. Participants in the experiment were recruited among new users of the app, and were randomly assigned to one of four different motivational treatments (smart gamification, two variants of a financial reward, and a combination of smart gamification and a financial reward) or a control group (no specific motivation). Our analysis suggests that people can be effectively motivated to engage in more frequent commuter cycling with incentives via a smartphone app. Offering small financial rewards seems to be more effective than smart gamification. A combination of both motivational treatments-smart gamification and financial rewards-may work the same or slightly better than financial rewards alone. We demonstrate that small financial rewards embedded in smartphone apps such as "Cyclers" can be effective in nudging people to commute by bike more often.
- MeSH
- Smartphone * MeSH
- Bicycling * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Financing, Personal MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mobile Applications * MeSH
- Motivation * MeSH
- Reward MeSH
- Health Behavior * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
V současné době patří Indie mezi země s největší populací mladých lidí, kde 65 % lidí je ve věku do 35 let. Tito mladí lidé se zabývají mnoha věcmi, které si generace X neuvědomovala. Jejich denní režim, studijní návyky, zábava, počítačové znalosti a finanční záležitosti jsou od dřívější generace rozdílné. Je potřeba studovat jejich finanční situaci a spořicí návyky, protože jejich přístup k zábavě, rekreaci a životnímu stylu jsou ovlivněny faktory, jako jsou sociální média a populární kultura. Tato studie si klade za cíl zjistit mediační efekt finanční gramotnosti a sebekontroly na vztah mezi vlivem společnosti a spořicím chováním studentů bakalářského studia, kteří jsou při studiu na volné noze. Studie získala 357 odpovědí na dotazníky metodou účelového vzorkování. Studie přijala návrh výzkumu kauzální mediace a použila mediační analýzu k nalezení přímých, nepřímých a celkových účinků vztahu mezi sociálním vlivem a spořicím chováním mezi studenty bakalářského studia na volné noze. Výsledky studie odhalily částečnou souvislost, což naznačuje, že sociální vliv měl nejen přímý dopad na spořicí chování studentů bakalářského studia v Indii, ale také byl prokázán vztah k finanční gramotnosti a sebekontrole. Další výzkum by se mohl zaměřit na pochopení znalostí studentů o digitálně finančním managementu, protože digitalizace finančního sektoru se rychle rozšiřuje.
Currently, India is among the countries with the largest youth population with 65% of the people aged below 35 years. These youths engage themselves in a multitude of things which generation-x was not aware. Their daily routine, study habits, entertainment, computer knowledge, and financial affairs are different from that of earlier generations. There is a need to study their financial situation and saving habit as their approach towards enjoyment, recreation, and lifestyle are influenced by factors like social media and popular culture. This study aims to find the mediation effect of financial literacy and self-control on the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour of undergraduate (UG) students, who are freelancing while pursuing their studies. The study obtained 357 responses to questionnaires through purposive sampling method. The study adopted causal mediation research design and employed mediation analysis to find the direct, indirect, and total effects of the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour among freelancing UG students. The results of the study revealed a partial mediation effect, indicating that the social influence not only had a direct impact on the saving behaviour of UG students in India, but also mediated it through financial literacy and self-control. Further research could focus on understanding students' knowledge of digital-financial management, as digitisation of the financial sector is rapidly expanding.
... Resolution of the Government CR of 7 July 2004 no. 679 8 -- Submission report 10 -- Concept of the development ... ... Analysis of the current state of libraries (public library and information services) 13 -- 2.1 Basic development ... ... Human resource development 40 -- 5 Financial demands on the state budget 40 -- List of abbreviations ...
50, 50 stran : ilustrace ; 21 cm
Koncepce si klade za cíl vybudovat moderní sítě informačních institucí a zajistit potřebné pozice pro knihovny v ČR, analyzuje stav knihovnictví.
- MeSH
- Information Management MeSH
- Information Services organization & administration trends MeSH
- Library Science MeSH
- Library Services organization & administration trends MeSH
- Libraries organization & administration trends MeSH
- Library Collection Development MeSH
- Publication type
- Guideline MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Conspectus
- Knihovnictví. Informatika
- NML Fields
- knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
AIM(S): This study aims to map the extent of the research activity in the field of financial competencies and nursing and identify main patterns, advances, gaps, and evidence produced to date. BACKGROUND: Financial competencies are important indicators of professionalism and may influence the quality of care in nursing; moreover, these competencies are the basis of health care sustainability. Despite their relevance, studies available on financial competencies in the nursing field have not been mapped to date. EVALUATION: A scoping review was guided according to (a) the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review and (b) the Patterns, Advances, Gaps and Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework. KEY ISSUE(S): A total of 21 studies were included. Main research patterns have been developing/evaluating the effectiveness of education programmes and investigating the nurse's role in the context of financial management, challenges and needs perceived by them, and tool validation to assess these competencies. The most frequently used concept across studies was 'financial management competencies' (n = 19). CONCLUSION(S): The sparse production of studies across countries suggests that there is a need to invest in this research field. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurses with managerial roles should invest in their financial competencies by requiring formal training both at the academic and at the continuing education levels. They should also promote educational initiatives for clinical nurses, to increase their capacity to contribute, understand, and manage the emerging financial issues.
- MeSH
- Clinical Competence * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nurse's Role * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
... Sustainable Development in Management of a -- Construction Company -- Emission Allowances in Financial ... ... Accounting -- Environmental Management and Financial Markets -- Use of Information and Communication ... ... Impact on Companies -- System of Economic, Social and Environmental -- Indexes for Sustainable Development ... ... Methods of Valuation of Environmental Costs and their -- Use in Project Assessment -- Sustainable Development ...
1st ed. 132, 8 s. : il. ; 30 cm
- Keywords
- trvale udržitelný rozvoj,
- MeSH
- Environment, Controlled MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Accounting MeSH
- Environment MeSH
- Publication type
- Collected Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Životní prostředí a jeho ochrana
- NML Fields
- environmentální vědy
Finanční podpora sportu z veřejných rozpočtů má dlouhou tradici, třebaže v porovnání s jinými prioritami státu nemusí být sport vždy mezi nejvyššími prioritami. Nedostatek přímých veřejných zdrojů si vynucuje hledání alternativ. Loterie a hazardní hry se jeví jako samozřejmý předmět mimořádného zdanění, respektive přerozdělení části zisku na soustavu dobrých účelů včetně sportu. Otázka je, jak toto „přerozdělení“ provést správným způsobem. V praxi jsme zaznamenali mnoho různých metod od převodu přímé daně do státního rozpočtu po přerozdělení zisku z loterie sportovní organizaci vybrané loterijní společností. Cílem příspěvku je shromáždit alternativní přístupy k loterii jako nástroji financování sportu ve vybraných zemích a rozpoznat a diskutovat relevantní a nejdůležitější proměnné pro loterijní systém.
Financial support of the sport from public budgets has a long tradition however sport in comparison with other state priorities needn't be always among top priorities. Lack of direct public resources enforces seeking alternatives. Lottery and gambling seems to be natural object for extra taxation respectively reallocation part of profit to the good purposes scheme including sport. The question is how to do this “reallocation” in proper way. We have noticed many different methods in practice from direct tax transfer to the state budget to reallocation of lottery surplus to sport organization selected by the lottery company. The aim of the paper is to gather alternative approaches to the lottery as a tool for sport financing in selected countries and to identify and discuss relevant and most important variables for the lottery system.
- Keywords
- loterie, financování sportu,
- MeSH
- Models, Economic MeSH
- Financial Support * MeSH
- Financing, Construction MeSH
- Gambling MeSH
- Sports * economics MeSH
- Policy Making MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
IX, 335 s. : tab., grafy ; 22 cm
Ciele. Cieľom tejto štúdie bolo: a) preskúmať vplyv jednoduchej heuristiky rozpoznania vo finančnom rozhodovaní pri výbere a hodnotení akcií a b) preskúmať, či osobná potreba štruktúry (PNS) súvisí s heuristickým spracovávaním v rozhodovaní. Súbor. Výskumná vzorka pozostávala z 204 univerzitných študentov viacerých študijných odborov. Participanti boli náhodne rozdelení do dvoch experimentálnych skupín, ktoré sa líšili v súbore akcií, ktoré mali hodnotiť. Hypotézy. Autori predpokladali, že participanti budú: a) hodnotiť akcie rozpoznaných známych svetových firiem ako menej rizikové, b) predikovať priaznivejší vývoj cien v budúcnosti v porovnaní s akciami nerozpoznaných firiem a c) preferovať rozpoznané akcie pri rozhodovaní o tom, do ktorej akcie by boli ochotní investovať. Taktiež predpokladali, že d) jednotlivci s vysokým PNS budú častejšie preferovať rozpoznané akcie pri rozhodovaní o výbere akcií v porovnaní s jednotlivcami s nízkym PNS. Štatistické analýzy. Pri testovaní hypotéz boli použité Studentov t-test, Wilcoxonov test a Pearsonov korelačný test. Výsledky. Pri poskytnutí piatich akcií neznámych a troch svetovo známych spoločností mali participanti tendenciu preferovať rozpoznané akcie, hodnotiť ich ako menej rizikové a predikovať rozpoznaným akciám priaznivejší budúci výnos. Navyše táto tendencia bola pozorovaná predovšetkým u participantov s veľmi vysokou potrebou štruktúry. Keď autori premenovali akcie neznámych firiem na svetovo známe firmy v kontrolnej skupine, rozdiel v preferencii, hodnotení rizikovosti a predikovaní budúcich výnosov sa nezistil. Limity štúdie. Dizajn výskumu neumožnil sledovať presnosť hodnotenia rizikovosti akcií a presnosť predikcií budúcich výnosov. Súbor pozostával iba zo študentov. Zaradenie finančných profesionálov a metódy scenárovej analýzy pri hodnotení rizikovosti akcií v ďalšom výskume by mohlo prispieť k vyššej externej validite experimentu.
Objectives. The aim of this study was: a) to investigate the influence of simple recognition heuristic on financial decision-making about the stock preference and evaluation, and b) to investigate whether the personal need for structure (PNS) is associated with heuristic processing. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 204 university students from various study fields. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups that differed in the stock set given. Hypotheses. It was assumed that participants would: a) evaluate the stocks of well-known companies as less risky, b) predict more favorable future price development compared to the unrecognized stocks, and c) prefer recognized stocks, when deciding which stock to choose. It was also assumed that d) individuals with high PNS would more often prefer recognized stocks when deciding which stock to choose compared to individuals with low PNS. Statistical analysis. The hypotheses were tested using Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon test and Pearson’s correlation test. Results. When deciding about the set of five unknown and three well-known stocks, participants tended to prefer the recognized stocks of well-known companies, they perceived them as less risky and they predicted more favorable future price development of these stocks. Moreover, the tendency to prefer the recognized stocks was mostly observed in participants with very high PNS. When the unknown stocks were renamed to well-known companies in the control group, differences in preference, risk evaluation, and price prediction were not observed. Study limitation. The design did not allow to examine the accuracy of the risk evaluation and price prediction. The research sample consisted of students only. Including financial professionals and scenario analysis method assessing risk evaluation could provide a better external validity of the experiment.
- Keywords
- heuristika rozpoznávání, osobní potřeba struktury, finanční rozhodování,
- MeSH
- Psychology, Experimental statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Risk Assessment * economics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Banking, Personal MeSH
- Personality * MeSH
- Entrepreneurship * MeSH
- Decision Making MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
... Main findings ix -- Introduction and context of the GLAAS 2017 report 1 -- Purpose of GLAAS 2 -- Financial ... ... Planning: Estimating the financing gap and needs to meet the SDGs 5 -- Financial sufficiency to meet ... ... targets 5 -- Identifying financial needs through national assessments 6 -- Data availability for decision-making ... ... 7 -- Development and implementation of financial plans for WASH 9 -- Government budgeting for WASH 10 ... ... 32 -- Sector strengthening 33 -- Financing universal access 34 -- Improving the use of existing financial ...
x, 79 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- Global Health MeSH
- Financing, Organized statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Hygiene MeSH
- Drinking Water MeSH
- Health Equity MeSH
- Sanitation statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Sustainable Development MeSH
- Water Supply statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Health Policy MeSH
- Publication type
- News MeSH
- Conspectus
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NML Fields
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
- environmentální vědy
- NML Publication type
- publikace WHO
Práce se zabývá spoluúčastí pacienta na nákladech na farmakoterapii v závislosti na legislativních úpravách (v rámci sledovaného období 2008–2012). Práce popisuje jednotlivé etapy výběru regulačních poplatků v lékárnách v návaznosti na odpovídající právní předpisy. V praktické části práce jsou vyčísleny měsíční hodnoty výše spoluúčasti všech pacientů, kteří navštěvovali konkrétní lékárnu ve sledovaných obdobích (1. 4. 2009 až 31. 3. 2010 a 1. 1. 2012 až 30. 6. 2012), hodnoty odpovídajících si měsíců obou období jsou porovnány. Vývoj výše spoluúčasti na farmakoterapii byl sledován u deseti konkrétních pacientů v období 1. 1. 2008 až 30. 6. 2012, průběh spoluúčasti dvou pacientů je podrobně analyzován včetně faktorů, které ji ovlivňovaly.
This paper deals with the financial participation of patients in the costs of pharmacotherapy in dependence on legislative regulations (in the period of 2008–2012). It describes the individual stages of selection of regulatory fees in pharmacies in connection with the appropriate legal regulations. The practical part lists the monthly values of the extent of financial participation of all patients who frequented a particular pharmacy in the period under study (1 April 2009 – 31 March 2010 and 1 January 2012 – 30 June 2012), the values of mutually corresponding months in both periods being compared. The development of the extent of financial participation in pharmacotherapy was monitored in ten individual patients in the period from 1 January 2008 to 30 June 2012; the course of the financial participation of two patients is analyzed in greater detail including the factors which influenced it.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Databases, Factual MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Economics, Pharmaceutical * standards organization & administration legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Drug Therapy * economics MeSH
- Pharmacies MeSH
- Drug Prescriptions economics standards statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Medication Therapy Management * economics organization & administration legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Costs and Cost Analysis statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Drug Costs statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Fees, Pharmaceutical * statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Fees, Medical standards statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Prescription Fees standards statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Cost Savings economics methods statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Patient Participation * economics statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Insurance, Health economics legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH