Hemodynamic instability
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BACKGROUND: Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is an effective treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The present study tested the hypothesis that inflammation, as determined by circulating cytokine levels, may contribute to the difficulty in controlling arterial blood pressure after PEA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with CTEPH (22 males and 14 females) underwent PEA using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured repeatedly in arterial blood samples. RESULTS: A significant correlation between norepinephrine support and IL-6 plasma concentrations was shown at the separation from CPB (k = 0.742) and 12 h after it (k = 0.801) as well as between norepinephrine support and IL-8 concentrations 12 h after the separation from CPB. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the cardiac index (CI) and both IL-6 and IL-8 at the separation from CPB. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic instability after PEA has been associated with higher postoperative plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8. The positive relation between inflammatory cytokines and CI, or cytokines and vasopressor support, is in accordance with the hypothesis that cytokine activation may be among the neurohumoral factors responsible for cardiodepression and systemic vasoplegia in CTEPH patients undergoing PEA. Copyright (c) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.
- MeSH
- cytokiny krev MeSH
- endarterektomie MeSH
- hemodynamika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plicní embolie chirurgie MeSH
- plicní hypertenze chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace krev MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Varikózní krvácení do gastrointestinálního traktu jako komplikace portální hypertenze je urgentní život ohrožující stav. Po selhání farmakologické a endoskopické léčby je indikováno zavedení transjugulární intrahepatální portosystémové spojky (TIPS), která může přinést nezanedbatelné komplikace. Raritní komplikací je migrace spojky do srdce s rizikem perforace pravostranných oddílů či poškození trikuspidální chlopně. V některých případech však nemusí způsobovat žádné obtíže. Extrakce je možná perkutánní či chirurgickou cestou. Alternativou u polymorbidních pacientů je ponechání migrovaného stentu v srdci. Volba optimálního postupu vyžaduje mezioborovou spolupráci.
Variceal bleeding belongs to the one of the complications of portal hypertension and is a life-threatening condition. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is indicated in case of failure of the pharmacological and endoscopic therapy, even if it is associated with complications. Stent migration to the heart, is a rare event which may cause perforation of the right cardiac chambers or damage to the tricuspid valve. However, it may not be a problem in some cases. There are two approaches to extraction - percutaneous or surgical. Leaving the stent in situ is possible, especially in polymorbid patients. Choosing an optimal approach often requires interdisciplinary cooperation.
- MeSH
- ezofageální a žaludeční varixy komplikace MeSH
- gastrointestinální krvácení chirurgie diagnóza komplikace terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční komory diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- stenty škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transjugulární intrahepatální portosystémový zkrat * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- trikuspidální insuficience diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
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x
- Klíčová slova
- metoda objemového zámku, aplanační tonometrie, arteriální křivka, cílená hemodynamická léčba, hemodynamická nestabilita, parametry preloadu,
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky kardiovaskulární * klasifikace MeSH
- hemodynamické monitorování * metody MeSH
- hypotenze diagnóza klasifikace patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření krevního tlaku metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- minutový srdeční výdej MeSH
- perioperační období MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Artériová hypotenzia je najčastejšia akútna komplikácia v priebehu hemodialyzačnej liečby. Predstavuje hlavnú manifestáciu hemodynamickej instability, môže indukovať srdcové arytmie a prispievať tak k zvýšeniu úmrtnosti a chorobnosti hemodialyzovaných pacientov a v neposlednom rade sa podieľať aj na znížení účinnosti samotnej hemodialyzačnej liečby. Ide o tzv. epizodickú hypotenziu, ku ktorej môže dojsť kedykoľvek v priebehu hemodialýzy, najmä však na jej konci. Hypotenziu najčastejšie charakterizuje pokles systolického krvného tlaku ≥ 20 mmHg, alebo stredného artériového tlaku ≥ 10 mmHg, a/alebo prítomnosť špecifických symptómov s následnou potrebou liečebnej intervencie. Poznáme veľa príčin spôsobujúcich vyčerpanie rezervy hemodynamickej kompenzácie. Existuje viacero opatrení, ktorými môžeme tejto akútnej komplikácii v priebehu hemodialyzačnej liečby čiastočne predchádzať, alebo ju riešiť.
Arterial hypotension is the most common acute complication during the hemodialysis treatment. It represents the main manifestation of hemodynamic instability; it may induce cardiac arrhythmias and contribute to the increased mortality and morbidity of hemodialysed patients and also to the lower efficiency of hemodialysis. It is called episodic hypotension and it can become manifested anytime during the hemodialysis session, mainly at the end. Hypotension is mostly characterized by the decrease in systolic blood pressure ≥ 20 mmHg or mean arterial pressure ≥ 10 mmHg and/or the presence of specific symptoms with further need of treatment intervention. There are many causes known to reduce hemodynamic compensation. There are several measurements which can be used to prevent and stop its negative impact on survival of patients.
Cíl: Aterosklerotické postižení karotických tepen patří k nejčastějším příčinám ischemické CMP. Jelikož je studium progrese a vývoje nestability aterosklerotických plátů in vivo velmi limitováno, lze k objasnění těchto procesů využít data ze studií in vitro. Z těchto důvodů autoři sestrojili hemodynamický model s možností vložení aterosklerotického plátu vyjmutého během karotické endarterektomie pro studium hemodynamiky v oblasti karotické bifurkace. Cílem studie bylo zjistit, zda lze v hemodynamickém modelu nasimulovat průtokové parametry v oblasti stenózy karotické bifurkace srovnatelné se stavem in vivo před provedením karotické endarterektomie. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 13 pacientů se stenózou karotidy ≥ 50 % indikovaných ke karotické endaterektomii. Během endarterektomie byly vyjmuty v celku aterosklerotické pláty z karotické tepny a vloženy do hemodynamického modelu. Výsledky: Průměrný rozdíl v naměřené průtokové rychlosti v oblasti stenózy in vivo před karotickou endarterektomií a in vitro v hemodynamickém modelu po vložení vyjmutého aterosklerotického plátu byl 18,9 cm/s u maximální systolické rychlosti, což odpovídá odchylce 7,0 %, a 8,2 cm/s u konečné diastolické rychlosti odpovídající odchylce 11,1 %. Závěr: Studie potvrdila funkčnost hemodynamického modelu a jeho možné využití při studiu hemodynamických změn v oblasti karotické stenózy.
Aim: Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke. As the study of the progression and development of instability of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo is limited, data from in vitro studies can be used to clarify these processes. For these reasons, the authors constructed a hemodynamic model with the possibility of inserting the atherosclerotic plaque removed during carotid endarterectomy for the study of hemodynamics in the carotid bifurcation. The aim of the study was to determine whether it is possible to simulate flow parameters in the area of carotid bifurcation stenosis in the hemodynamic model comparable to the in vivo state before performing carotid endarterectomy. Intact atherosclerotic plaque was removed from the carotid artery during endarterectomy and inserted into a hemodynamic model. Methods: The study included 13 patients with carotid stenosis ≥ 50% indicated for carotid endarterectomy. The atherosclerotic plaques were removed from the carotid artery during carotid endarterectomy and inserted into the hemodynamic model. Results: The mean differences in the measured maximum and end-diastolic velocities in the area of stenosis in vivo before carotid endarterectomy and in vitro in the hemodynamic model after insertion of the removed atherosclerotic plaque were 18.9 cm/s (7.0%) and 8.2 cm/s (11.1%), respectively. Conclusion: The study confirmed the functionality of the hemodynamic model and its possible use for studying the hemodynamic changes in carotid stenosis area.
- MeSH
- arteriae carotides * patofyziologie MeSH
- aterosklerotický plát patofyziologie MeSH
- ateroskleróza MeSH
- hemodynamika * MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis patofyziologie MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The hemodynamic status in patients with pelvic ring injuries is a major prognostic factor of an immediate mortality risk. Especially, patients "in extremis" are of high risk to die. This patient group is characterized by absent vital signs or being in severe shock with initial systolic blood pressure <70 mm Hg and/or requiring mechanical resuscitation or catecholamines despite >12 blood transfusions within the first two hours after admission. The sources of pelvic bleeding is in approximately 80-90% of venous origin and relevant arterial bleeding accounts for 10-20%. Important parts of the initial treatment treatment concept include mechanical pelvic ring stabilization combined with hemorrhage control concepts. Mechanical stabilization is performed non-invasively by pelvic binder application or invasively by classical anterior pelvic fixation or posterior pelvic C-clamp, depending on the local available resources. In patients "in extremis" the concept of direct extraperitoneal pelvic packing is recommended, whereas in moderately unstable patients or in patients where persistant hemodynamic instability occurs despite shock therapy and mechanical stabilization and pelvic packing, arterial injury is ruled out by angiography followed by selected embolization of pelvic vessels.
- MeSH
- fixace fraktury MeSH
- fraktury kostí komplikace terapie MeSH
- hemoragický šok diagnóza terapie MeSH
- hemostatické techniky MeSH
- krvácení etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pánevní kosti zranění MeSH
- poranění měkkých tkání komplikace terapie MeSH
- terapeutická embolizace MeSH
- urgentní služby nemocnice MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Postnatal adaptation in preterm newborn comprises complex physiological processes that involve significant changes in the circulatory and respiratory system. Increasing hemoglobin level and blood volume following placental transfusion may be of importance in enhancing arterial oxygen content, increasing cardiac output, and improving oxygen delivery. The European consensus on resuscitation of preterm infants recommends delayed cord clamping (DCC) for at least 60 s to promote placenta-fetal transfusion in uncompromised neonates. Recently, published meta-analyses suggest that DCC is associated with fewer infants requiring transfusions for anemia, a lower incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and lower risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. Umbilical cord milking (UCM) has the potential to avoid some disadvantages associated with DCC including the increased risk of hypothermia or delay in commencing manual ventilation. UCM represents an active form of blood transfer from placenta to neonate and may have some advantages over DCC. Moreover, both methods are associated with improvement in hemodynamic parameters and blood pressure within first hours after delivery compared to immediate cord clamping. Placental transfusion appears to be beneficial for the preterm uncompromised infant. Further studies are needed to evaluate simultaneous placental transfusion with resuscitation of deteriorating neonates. It would be of great interest for future research to investigate advantages of this approach further and to assess its impact on neonatal outcomes, particularly in extremely preterm infants.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Clinical examination of hemodynamically unstable patients provides timely, low-risk, and potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic information. This review will examine the evidence behind the use of clinical examination findings to drive treatment decisions and predict outcomes in patients with hemodynamic instability. An additional goal of the review is to place the use of clinical examination in context of more invasive techniques to diagnose and treat hemodynamically unstable patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The development of novel diagnostic tests based on recently developed technology has focused attention on methods to determine when a test should enter routine clinical use. The widespread incorporation of pulmonary artery catheterization into clinical practice prior to formal evaluation of its ability to improve outcomes highlights the importance of properly evaluating diagnostic tests in critically ill patients. Formal evaluation of clinical examination as a diagnostic test will allow better understanding of its role in the hemodynamic evaluation of critically ill patients. SUMMARY: Clinical examination remains an important initial step in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients. Despite limitations of current techniques, the availability, low risk, and ability to perform repetitive tests ensure that clinical examination of the hemodynamically unstable patient will continue to be a useful tool for the intensivist until more useful tests are validated in this patient population.
This pilot trial aims at gaining support for the optimization of acute burn resuscitation through noninvasive continuous real-time hemodynamic monitoring using arterial pulse contour analysis. A group of 21 burned patients meeting preliminary criteria (age range 18-75 years with second- third- degree burns and TBSA ≥10-75%) was randomized during 2010. A hemodynamic monitoring through lithium dilution cardiac output was used in 10 randomized patients (LiDCO group), whereas those without LiDCO monitoring were defined as the control group. The modified Brooke/Parkland formula as a starting resuscitative formula, balanced crystalloids as the initial solutions, urine output of 0.5 ml/kg/hr as a crucial value of adequate intravascular filling were used in both groups. Additionally, the volume and vasopressor/inotropic support were based on dynamic preload parameters in the LiDCO group in the case of circulatory instability and oligouria. Statistical analysis was done using t-tests. Within the first 24 hours postburn, a significantly lower consumption of crystalloids was registered in LiDCO group (P = .04). The fluid balance under LiDCO control in combination with hourly diuresis contributed to reducing the cumulative fluid balance approximately by 10% compared with fluid management based on standard monitoring parameters. The amount of applied solutions in the LiDCO group got closer to Brooke formula whereas the urine output was at the same level in both groups (0.8 ml/kg/hr). The new finding in this study is that when a fluid resuscitation is based on the arterial waveform analysis, the initial fluid volume provided was significantly lower than that delivered on the basis of physician-directed fluid resuscitation (by urine output and mean arterial pressure).
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hemodynamika fyziologie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- isotonické roztoky farmakologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lithium diagnostické užití MeSH
- minutový srdeční výdej fyziologie MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích trendy MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- popálení diagnóza mortalita terapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- resuscitace metody mortalita MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- skóre závažnosti úrazu MeSH
- šok diagnóza mortalita terapie MeSH
- tekutinová terapie metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Critically-ill patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) often present with insufficient gastroduodenal motility, liver hypoperfusion, and higher levels of circulating catecholamines. All of these factors can lead to reduced efficacy of clopidogrel, which is only available as a p.o. medication. The aim of the study was to compare clopidogrel effectiveness in unstable STEMI patients on mechanical ventilation with stable STEMI patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of twenty patients with STEMI were enrolled. One group (unstable) consisted of 20 hemodynamically unstable patients on mechanical ventilation and catecholamine support. The other group (stable) consisted of 20 control patients (all patients with STEMI in Killip I class). All patients were treated by primary Percutaneous coronary intervention. Blood samples were drawn before (baseline), at 4h (4h+), 24h (1d+) and 2 days (2d+) after clopidogrel administration. Clopidogrel efficacy was assessed by measurement of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation index. RESULTS: The decrease in the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) index was substantially less in unstable patients compared with stable ones (ANOVA, P < 0.001). In stable patients, the VASP index decreased significantly by 20% at 4h+ and by 34% at 1d+, and remained significantly decreased by 31% at 2d+. In unstable patients, the VASP decreased nonsignificantly by 8% at 4h+, and no further decrease of VASP was present (-7% at 1d+, -11% at 2d+). CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory clopidogrel efficacy is lower in patients with MI and severe hemodynamic instability, probably due to splanchnic and liver hypoperfusion and catecholamine use.
- MeSH
- balónková koronární angioplastika škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- down regulace MeSH
- fosfoproteiny krev MeSH
- hemodynamika MeSH
- infarkt myokardu krev komplikace mortalita patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů terapeutické užití MeSH
- INR MeSH
- jaterní oběh MeSH
- kardiogenní šok krev etiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- katecholaminy terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofilamentové proteiny krev MeSH
- molekuly buněčné adheze krev MeSH
- monitorování léčiv metody MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- splanchnický oběh MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- tiklopidin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- trombocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- trombóza krev etiologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- umělé dýchání MeSH
- vyšetření funkce trombocytů MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH