Legumes Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The article reports on the main antinutritional compounds in legumes which have a unique nutritive value, especially for vegetarians. Besides a high amount of proteins, saccharides, dietary fibres, minerals and vitamins, the legumes contain a wide range of negative bioactive compounds, such as allergens, protease inhibitors, lectins, non-proteinogenic amino acids, α-galactooligosaccharides, cyanogen glycosides, phytates, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. This review aims to show the adverse effect of antinutritional compounds in legumes on human health and call attention to the risk of consummation of legume seeds without an adequate inactivation of dangerous substances.
- Klíčová slova
- antinutriční látky,
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- alkaloidy MeSH
- amylasy antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin MeSH
- dietní proteiny klasifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dietní sacharidy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Fabaceae * chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fenoly škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- glykosidy klasifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- inhibitory proteas MeSH
- kyselina fytová analogy a deriváty MeSH
- lektiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ovoce * chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- průmysl zpracování potravin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Luštěniny jsou významnými potravinovými alergeny. K jejich hlavním alergenním složkám patří seed storage proteiny a PR-10 proteiny. Rozhodli jsme se prozkoumat senzibilizační profily specifických IgE protilátek na jednotlivé luštěniny u velkého souboru pacientů vyšetřených pomocí multiplexu ALEX®. Současně jsme sledovali anamnestický výskyt a charakter klinických reakcí na luštěniny a také senzibilizaci a klinické reakce na zkříženě reagující alergeny, konkrétně ořechy, semena a PR-10 proteiny. Vyšetřeno bylo celkem 685 pacientů. Téměř čtvrtina z nich (24 %) byla senzibilizována na některou z luštěnin. Mezi nimi převažovala senzibilizace na arašídy (n = 122) a sóju (n = 98), s velkým odstupem za nimi následovala čočka a příbuzné luštěniny (n = 11). V anamnéze udávali pacienti nejčastěji klinické reakce na arašídy (n = 17), nicméně sóju (4 pacienti) v tomto případě předstihly právě čočka a jí příbuzné luštěniny (celkem 11 pacientů). V klinických reakcích převažovaly reakce systémové, jejichž podkladem byla nejčastěji senzibilizace na seed storage proteiny. Čočka a příbuzné luštěniny sice nepatří mezi přední původce alergických reakcí na potraviny, avšak v našich podmínkách podle všeho významem předstihují sóju a měla by jim proto být věnována větší pozornost.
Legumes are important food allergens. Their major allergenic components are seed storage proteins and PR-10 proteins. We decided to investigate the sensitization profiles of specific IgE antibodies to distinct legumes in a large group of patients examined by multiplex system ALEX ®. We also studied the history of clinical reactions to legumes in sensitized patients and possible cross-reactivity to other allergens, i.e., tree nuts, seeds, or PR-10 proteins. Our study group included 689 patients; almost a quarter of them (24%) was sensitized to some legume. Sensitization to peanuts (n = 122) and soybean (n = 98) prevailed, being followed by sensitization to lentil and the relative legumes. A positive history of clinical reactions was most frequently to peanuts (17 patients); however, clinical reactions to lentil and the relative legumes prevailed (11 patients) over that induced by soybean (4 patients). The clinical reactions were predominantly systemic, mainly due to sensitization to seed storage proteins. Though lentil and the relative legumes are not considered to be prominent food allergens, their importance is significantly higher in our country compared to soybean, and thus we should pay increased attention to them.
- MeSH
- alergeny imunologie MeSH
- alergie na arašídy diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- čočka imunologie MeSH
- Fabaceae imunologie klasifikace MeSH
- Glycine max imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin E analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravinová alergie * diagnóza etiologie imunologie MeSH
- zásobní proteiny semen imunologie MeSH
- zkřížené reakce imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- Fabaceae * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- klíčení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Legumes are ubiquitous, low-cost meals that are abundant in protein, vitamins, minerals, and calories. Several biotic constraints are to blame for the global output of legumes not meeting expectations. Fungi, in particular, are substantial restrictions that not only hinder production but also pose a serious health risk to both human and livestock consumption. Athelia rolfsii (Syn. Sclerotium rolfsii) is a dangerous pathogenic fungus that attacks most crops, causing massive yield losses. Legumes are no longer immune to this dreadful fungus, which can potentially result in a 100% yield loss. The initial disease symptoms based on the formation of brown color lesions at the point of infection and further development of mycelia, followed by yellowing and wilting of the whole plant. To tackle such situation, various strategies, i.e., management in cultural practices, disease-free plant growth, genetic changes, crop hybridization and in vitro culture techniques have been undertaken. This present review encapsulates the entire situation, from sclerotial dissemination through infection development and control in legume crops, with the goal of developing a tangible understanding of sustainable legume production improvements. Further study in this area might be led in an integrated manner as a result of this information, which could contribute to a better understanding of the processes of disease incidence, resistance mechanism, and its control, and fostering greater inventiveness in the production of legumes.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota * MeSH
- Basidiomycota * genetika MeSH
- Fabaceae * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- půda MeSH
- zelenina MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Isoflavones and coumestrol from dietary legumes are plant constituents showing multiple beneficial effects on humans. Owing to their ability to bind with mammalian estrogenic receptors and thereby intervention in several kinds of hormone-related cancers, they have received much attention. Soybean (Glycine max) is currently the major source of isoflavonoids in human diet. However, dozens of tropical and subtropical leguminous species remain unexplored for their isoflavonoids content. RESULTS: We have analyzed 55 extracts from 41 tropical and subtropical legume species used either in human or animal diet by high-performance liquid chromatography for the content of soy isoflavones, biochanin A, daidzein, daidzin, formononetin, genistein, genistin, sissotrin, ononin and the coumestan coumestrol. Genistein and biochanin A were the most abundant compounds. The highest content of genistein was found in aerial parts of Andira macrothyrsa, seeds of Pachyrhizus tuberosus and aerial parts of Calopogonium mucunoides (598, 250 and 184 µg g(-1), respectively) and biochanin A in aerial parts of Cratylia argentea, C. mucunoides and flowers of A. macrothyrsa (76, 53 and 40 µg g(-1), respectively). CONCLUSION: None of the samples tested was richer overall source of soy isoflavones and coumestrol than soybean; nevertheless several species (C. mucunoides or A. macrothyrsa) may serve as a promising source of individual compounds.
- MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- Fabaceae chemie MeSH
- genistein analýza MeSH
- Glycine max chemie MeSH
- isoflavony analýza MeSH
- kumestrol analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie MeSH
- tropické klima MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Cereals and legumes rank among the most important group of crop plant production. The aim of this paper was to point out the suitability of cereals and legumes in the diet of people living with an autoimmune disease of the small intestine, the celiac disease. Cereals match the best current ideas of healthy and balanced diet and provide decisive part of the energy intake from food in human nutrition and no small share from the total protein intake. Some cereals contain celiac active polypeptides and in susceptible individuals cause allergic reactions. Celiac active ingredients are found in the prolamin fraction. If the content of prolamine is in an amount of 4-8%, the products can be considered appropriate for the celiac diet. Wheat, barley, rye and oat should be excluded from the diet, if a person has confirmed celiac disease. On a worldwide basis, legumes contribute to about one-third of humankind's direct protein intake. Legumes also accumulate natural products (secondary metabolites) such as isoflavonoids that are considered beneficial to human health through anticancer and other health-promoting activities. The biggest advantage of legumes is that they are gluten-free and are suitable for gluten-free diet.
- MeSH
- Fabaceae mikrobiologie MeSH
- fixace dusíku MeSH
- Rhizobium MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
