The content of nitrite admixture in preparations of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) with glutathione synthesized by treatment of aqueous solutions of Fe2+ + glutathione with gaseous NO (complex 1) or by mixing solutions of S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO) with solutions of Fe2+ + glutathione (complex 2) was determined using the Griess method and HPLC as well as from the level of HNO2 formed upon interaction of gaseous NO with acidified distilled water. In both preparations, DNIC were predominantly represented by the binuclear form (B-DNIC). In complex 1, the appearance of nitrite in DNIC solutions was induced by nitrogen dioxide present in gaseous NO; its interaction with NO gives an adduct, which is further hydrolyzed to nitrite in aqueous solutions. In complex 2, the presence of nitrite admixture could appear in the presence of nitrite non-incorporated into GS-NO synthesized by mixing glutathione and nitrite in acid media. The per cent content of nitrite (with respect to the total content of complex 1) was 6%, whereas in complex 2 it was as low as 0.4%. Such a low level of nitrite contamination in the course of conventional synthesis of DNIC with glutathione does not make any significant contribution to their biomedical (e.g., hypotensive or vasodilator) activity.
- MeSH
- Antihypertensive Agents * pharmacology MeSH
- Nitrates pharmacology MeSH
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods instrumentation MeSH
- Drug Contamination * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nitrogen Oxides pharmacology MeSH
- S-Nitrosoglutathione pharmacology MeSH
- Nitrogen Compounds * pharmacology MeSH
- Spectrophotometry methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Vasodilator Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Iron pharmacology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity etiology therapy MeSH
- Food Contamination MeSH
- Syndrome MeSH
- Xenobiotics adverse effects MeSH
- Air Pollution, Indoor MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
UNLABELLED: In an attempt to explore infectious agents associated with nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs), we employed our high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis pipeline, RNA CoMPASS, to investigate the presence of ectopic organisms within a number of NPC cell lines commonly used by NPC and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) researchers. Sequencing data sets from both CNE1 and HONE1 were found to contain reads for human papillomavirus 18 (HPV-18). Subsequent real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis on a panel of NPC cell lines identified HPV-18 in CNE1 and HONE1 as well as three additional NPC cell lines (CNE2, AdAH, and NPC-KT). Further analysis of the chromosomal integration arrangement of HPV-18 in NPCs revealed patterns identical to those observed in HeLa cells. Clustering based on human single nucleotide variation (SNV) analysis of two separate HeLa cell lines and several NPC cell lines demonstrated two distinct clusters with CNE1, as well as HONE1 clustering with the two HeLa cell lines. In addition, duplex-PCR-based genotyping showed that CNE1, CNE2, and HONE1 do not have a HeLa cell-specific L1 retrotransposon insertion, suggesting that these three HPV-18(+) NPC lines are likely products of a somatic hybridization with HeLa cells, which is also consistent with our RNA-seq-based gene level SNV analysis. Taking all of these findings together, we conclude that a widespread HeLa contamination may exist in many NPC cell lines, and authentication of these cell lines is recommended. Finally, we provide a proof of concept for the utility of an RNA-seq-based approach for cell authentication. IMPORTANCE: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines are important model systems for analyzing the complex life cycle and pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Using an RNA-seq-based approach, we found HeLa cell contamination in several NPC cell lines that are commonly used in the EBV and related fields. Our data support the notion that contamination resulted from somatic hybridization with HeLa cells, likely occurring at the point of cell line establishment. Given the rarity of NPCs, the long history of NPC cell lines, and the lack of rigorous cell line authentication, it is likely that the actual prevalence and impact of HeLa cell contamination on the EBV field might be greater. We therefore recommend cell line authentication prior to performing experiments using NPC cell lines to avoid inaccurate conclusions. The novel RNA-seq-based cell authentication approach reported here can serve as a comprehensive method for validating cell lines.
- MeSH
- Genome * MeSH
- HeLa Cells chemistry MeSH
- DNA Contamination MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor chemistry MeSH
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms genetics MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, RNA MeSH
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
[Prevention of contamination during the infusion therapy]
Introduction: The article is concerned on mapping the current state of the level of clinical practice and infusion therapy standards in five health care institutions in the Czech Republic and it finding nurse's interest in further education in the field of infusion therapy. The Aims: The main aim of the survey provides information on current problems of application of infusion therapy on the basis of an exploratory survey among nurses who daily apply for infusion therapy. The analysis of the results provides information on the quality of nursing care. The last goal was to create the recommended clinical procedure, which would serve as a basis for standard operating procedures for application for infusion therapy in individual workplaces. Methodology: The original questionnaire survey was carried out among 354 general nurses from five Czech health institutions. Results and discussion: The survey detects lack of knowledge or variations in procedures for handling infusion administration sets by nurses in five health care institutions in the Czech Republic. The best level of knowledge and appropriate procedures were identified in nurses from oncology hospital where the Joint Commission International accreditation is applied. Conclusion: Under the present system of nursing care in the Czech Republic the national standards for the preparation and application of infusion therapy are not available. The best practices guidelines are often under the responsibility of individual health care facilities, which is due to many differences affecting the quality of nursing care. An important factor affecting the quality of care is the type of proactive strategy of continuous quality support of the medical workplace.
- Keywords
- infúzní terapie, kontaminace,
- MeSH
- Hand Disinfection MeSH
- Disinfection MeSH
- Guideline Adherence MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Process Assessment, Health Care methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Infusions, Intravenous * nursing instrumentation adverse effects MeSH
- Catheterization, Central Venous nursing instrumentation adverse effects MeSH
- Clinical Nursing Research MeSH
- Communicable Disease Control MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Hospitals MeSH
- Professional Practice * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Nurses * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
Za účelem výzkumu profesionální expozice cytotoxickým léčivům byla v Masarykově onkologickém ústavu v Brně sledována kontaminace místních pracovišť zajišťujících přípravu a aplikaci chemoterapie. K realizaci této studie byla použita metoda stanovení cyklofosfamidu, 5-fluorouracilu a platinových cytostatik ve stěrech pracovního prostředí. Z použitých analytických metod se velmi dobře osvědčila metoda stanovení cyklofosfamidu pomocí vysoce účinné kapalinové chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí (HPLC-MS) a platinových cytostatik pomocí hmotnostní spektrometrie s indukčně vázaným plazmatem (ICP-MS). Omezená selektivita/robustnost však byla zjištěna u stanovení 5-fluorouracilu kapalinovou chromatografií s ultrafialovou detekcí (jedna ze starších tradičních metod využívaných pro sledování kontaminace). Během monitorování bylo celkově analyzováno 163 vzorků, z nichž 130 (80 %) bylo pozitivních na přítomnost alespoň jednoho ze sledovaných analytů. U 92 vzorků (56 %) byla nalezena detekovatelná množství cyklofosfamidu i platinových cytostatik zároveň. Výsledky kontaminace obou sledovaných segmentů pracovního prostředí Masarykova onkologického ústavu (segment přípravy vs aplikace léčiv) byly srovnatelné a řádově odpovídaly výsledkům publikovaných ve světové literatuře. Provedené monitorování poukázalo na zdroje znečištění a podpořilo iniciaci prací, které povedou k nápravě zjištěných nedostatků.
The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational exposure of healthcare professionals to cytotoxic drugs. Our study focused on monitoring of surface contamination of preparation and administration working areas at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno. For this purpose, the most exposed working places were wiped and analyzed for the presence of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and platinum containing drugs. Determination of cyclophosphamide was based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and platinum-containing compounds were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Determination of 5-fluorouracil by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) showed poor selectivity and robustness. During the monitoring, 163 samples were collected and 130 of them (80%) were positive for at least one of the studied analytes. In total, 92 samples were positive for both cyclophosphamide and platinum together. Considering two types of the working areas monitored (preparation vs. administration departments), the contamination levels were found to be similar and generally comparable with the situation reported in other industrial countries. The study contributed to the identification of major sources of contamination and served as one of the primary impulses leading to better and safer management during handling cytotoxic drug.
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
- Cyclophosphamide analysis toxicity MeSH
- Cytostatic Agents analysis toxicity MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Air Pollutants, Occupational analysis toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring MeSH
- Platinum analysis toxicity MeSH
- Occupational Exposure analysis MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents analysis toxicity MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Health Personnel MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of lead in selected samples of fruit distilled spirits for own consumptions in terms of possible contribution to the occurrence of alcohol-attributable diseases. METHODS: In a pilot study, we analysed 18 samples of fruit spirits for own consumption. Most of the samples were distilled in the local growing distilleries in the Žilina Region with exception of 3 samples collected in the Trnava Region (one of them was of Hungarian origin). Sample preparation included previous mineralization with use of microwave decomposition system Multiwave 60 50 Hz. The samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy with graphic furnace (AAS GBC XplorAA 5000 with GF 5000). RESULTS: The average ethanol level in our samples was higher in comparison with distributed spirits. We detected lead in all samples. In two of them the concentration was lower than the limit of quantitation (LOQ). The highest lead concentrations were observed in plum spirit from Hungary (581.0 μg/l), and in grape spirit made in the Trnava Region (466.3 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS: Lead is a widespread contaminant of fruit spirits prepared for own consumption. Taking into consideration its common occurrence and possible multiplicative effect with ethanol, we can assume that lead can contribute to the occurrence of several alcohol-attributable chronic diseases. Due to the insufficient information in this field, our results provide significant insight into the issue and present an important starting point for further research.
- MeSH
- Alcoholic Beverages analysis MeSH
- Food Contamination analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Food Handling * methods MeSH
- Lead * MeSH
- Fruit chemistry MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Public Health MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Hungary MeSH
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic filamentous fungi. With regard to the widespread distribution of fungi in the environment, mycotoxins are considered to be one of the most important natural contaminants in foods and feeds. To protect consumers' health and reduce economic losses, surveillance and control of mycotoxins in food and feed has become a major objective for producers, regulatory authorities, and researchers worldwide. In this context, availability of reliable analytical methods applicable for this purpose is essential. Since the variety of chemical structures of mycotoxins makes impossible to use one single technique for their analysis, a vast number of analytical methods has been developed and validated. Both a large variability of food matrices and growing demands for a fast, cost-saving and accurate determination of multiple mycotoxins by a single method outline new challenges for analytical research. This strong effort is facilitated by technical developments in mass spectrometry allowing decreasing the influence of matrix effects in spite of omitting sample clean-up step. The current state-of-the-art together with future trends is presented in this chapter. Attention is focused mainly on instrumental method; advances in biosensors and other screening bioanalytical approaches enabling analysis of multiple mycotoxins are not discussed in detail.
- MeSH
- Food Analysis methods MeSH
- Food Contamination analysis MeSH
- Mycotoxins analysis MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The exposures to hazardous antineoplastic drugs (AD) represent serious risks for health care personnel but the exposure limits are not commonly established because of the no-threshold effects (genotoxic action, carcinogenicity) of many ADs. In this study, we discussed and derived practically applicable technical guidance values (TGV) suitable for management of AD risks. METHODS: The long-term monitoring of surface contamination by eight ADs was performed in pharmacies and hospitals in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic in 2008-2021; in total 2,223 unique samples were collected repeatedly in 48 facilities. AD contamination was studied by LC-MS/MS for cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, irinotecan, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine and by ICP-MS for total Pt as a marker of platinum-based ADs. RESULTS: The study highlighted importance of exposure biomarkers like 5-fluorouracil and especially carcinogenic and persistent cyclophosphamide, which should be by default included in monitoring along with other ADs. Highly contaminated spots like interiors of laminar biological safety cabinets represent a specific issue, where monitoring of contamination does not bring much added value, and prevention of staff and separated cleaning procedures should be priority. Rooms and surfaces in health care facilities that should be virtually free of ADs (e.g., offices, kitchenettes, daily rooms) were contaminated with lower frequency and concentrations but any contamination in these areas should be carefully examined. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: For all other working places, i.e., majority of areas in pharmacies and hospitals, where ADs are being prepared, packaged, stored, transported, or administered to patients, the study proposes a generic TGV of 100 pg/cm2. The analysis of long-term monitoring data of multiple ADs showed that the exceedance of one TGV can serve as an indicator and trigger for improvement of working practices contributing thus to minimizing of unintended exposures and creating a safe work environment.
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
- Cyclophosphamide analysis MeSH
- Fluorouracil analysis MeSH
- Pharmacies * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hospitals MeSH
- Occupational Exposure * analysis MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents * MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Slovakia MeSH
Data mining animal of genomes has been used before to identify endoparasites, and may be a particularly useful tool to surpass some difficulties faced by studies in the marine environment. We detected a species of Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882, contamination in the sperm whale (Physeter catodon Linnaeus) reference genome available in the GenBank database. We identified and extracted multiple gene fragments and placed the sequences in a phylogenetic framework. Our results indicate that the sequences of Sarcocystis sp. found in the genome do not correspond to any currently described species, despite a few other similar sequences having been identified in fur seals (Pinnipedia) and another sperm whale. Including data from previous studies, we suggest there is enough evidence to support the occurrence of at least four species of Sarcocystis in marine mammals. We also demonstrate that the term "S. canis-like" has been used for samples not closely related to Sarcocystis canis Dubey et Speer, 1991.
- MeSH
- Artiodactyla * MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Sarcocystidae * MeSH
- Sarcocystis * genetics MeSH
- Sarcocystosis * epidemiology veterinary MeSH
- Sperm Whale MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
PURPOSE: To develop a fat-water imaging method that allows reliable separation of the two tissues, uses established robust reconstruction methods, and requires only one single-echo acquisition. THEORY AND METHODS: The proposed method uses spectrally selective dual-band excitation in combination with CAIPIRINHA to generate separate images of fat and water simultaneously. Spatially selective excitation without cross-contamination is made possible by the use of spatial-spectral pulses. Fat and water images can either be visualized separately, or the fat images can be corrected for chemical shift displacement and, in gradient echo imaging, for chemical shift-related phase discrepancy, and recombined with water images, generating fat-water images free of chemical shift effects. Gradient echo and turbo spin echo sequences were developed based on this Simultaneous Multiple Resonance Frequency imaging (SMURF) approach and their performance was assessed at 3Tesla in imaging of the knee, breasts, and abdomen. RESULTS: The proposed method generated well-separated fat and water images with minimal unaliasing artefacts or cross-excitation, evidenced by the near absence of water signal attributed to the fat image and vice versa. The separation achieved was similar to or better than that using separate acquisitions with water- and fat-saturation or Dixon methods. The recombined fat-water images provided similar image contrast to conventional images, but the chemical shift effects were eliminated. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous Multiple Resonance Frequency imaging is a robust fat-water imaging technique that offers a solution to imaging of body regions with significant amounts of fat.
