Úvod: Cieľom retrospektívnej observačnej prierezovej štúdie bolo zhodnotiť prínos testovania alanínaminotransferázy (ALT) u darcov krvi a jej komponentov v prevencii prenosu hepatitíd B a C hemoterapiou v kontexte súčasných skríningových metód. Metódy: Vyhodnotené boli odbery s eleváciou ALT nad stanovený limit (muži 80 IU/l, ženy 64 IU/l, spektrofotometrický UV test, KUADROTM, BPC BioSed Srt, Castelnuovo di Porto Roma, Italia) alebo reaktivitou niektorého z virologických parametrov hepatitíd HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV (chemiluminiscenčná metóda, ARCHITECT i2000TM, Illinois, USA). Darcovia boli konfirmačne pretestovaní. Na základe definitívneho virologického statusu boli odbery rozdelené na skupiny so spoločnými biologickými vlastnosťami a štatisticky vyhodnotené v programoch Graph Pad Prism 6.05 a Microsoft Excel 2003. Výsledky: Zo 61 214 odberov sa elevácia ALT vyskytla u 420 odberov (0,69 %), aktívna HBV infekcia u 25 (0,04 %), aktívna HCV infekcia u 5 darcov krvi (0,01 %). Súčasná elevácia ALT a potvrdená HBV infekcia sa vyskytla u jedného darcu (0,002 %), rovnako ako HCV (0,002 %). Hodnoty ALT v skupine s jej eleváciou bez prítomnosti HBV alebo HCV infekcie boli vyššie ako v skupinách s aktívnymi hepatitídami B a C (p < 0,05). Nezachytili sme darcu krvi v sérologickom okne anti-HCV s eleváciou ALT. Elevácia ALT vykazovala nízku špecificitu (69,14 %) aj senzitivitu (6,45 %) pre aktívne hepatitídy. Nedokázali sme kladnú koreláciu medzi ALT a S/CO (signal-to-cut-off) anti-HBc (Spearman r = -0,565, p < 0,0001), ALT a S/CO anti-HCV (Spearman r = -0,1046, p = 0,0022), výsledok pri ALT a S/CO HBsAg nedosiahol štatistickú významnosť (Spearman r = -0,00968, p = 0,77). Kladná ale štatisticky nevýznamná korelácia ALT a anti-HCV bola zaznamenaná v skupine 5 darcov s aktívnou HCV infekciou (Spearman r = 0,4, p = 0,51). Skríningová schéma pre záchyt HCV infekcie anti-HCV + ALT bola na 1 odber o 0,18 € drahšia ako schéma anti-HCV + HCV RNA pre veľký počet znehodnotených odberov s izolovanou eleváciou ALT (825 TU v hodnote 41 388,89 €). Záver: Elevácia ALT u darcov nebola patognomická pre hepatitídy B a C. Skríningová schéma HCV v zložení anti-HCV + HCV RNA (metóda testovania nukleových kyselín, COBAS AmpliScreen HCV 2.0TM, ROCHE Diagnostics, Hague Road, Indianapolis, USA) je viac cost-efektívna ako anti-HCV + ALT. Kľúčové slová: alanínaminotransferáza – hemovigilancia – hepatitída B – hepatitída C – skríning

Background: The goal of the retrospective observatory cross-sectional study was to evaluate the benefit of alanine aminotransferase screening of blood donors in prevention of hepatitis B and C transmission by haemotherapy in context of actual screening methods. Methods: Donations with elevated ALT more than the defined limit (ALT men 80 IU/l, women 64 IU/l, spectrophotometric UV test, KUADROTM, BPC BioSed Srt, Castelnuovo di Porto Roma, Italy) and/or reactivity any of the hepatitis screening parameters HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV (chemiluminescence method, ARCHITECT i2000TM, Illinois, USA) were evaluated. Donors were confirmatory retested. They were classified into groups with common biological properties according to their final virological status and statistically evaluated in programs Graph Pad Prism 6.05 and Microsoft Excel 2003. Results: From a total of 61 214 donations elevated ALT was found in 420 (0.69 %), active HBV in 25 (0.04 %), active HCV infection in 5 (0.01 %) blood donors. Coincidental elevation of ALT and active HBV infection occured in 1 donor (0.002 %), as well as HCV (0.002 %). Levels of ALT were higher in the group with elevated ALT without active HBV or HCV infection than in groups with active HCV and HCV infection (p < 0.05). Occurence of blood donor in seronegative anti-HCV window was not observed. Elevated ALT was low specific (69.14 %) and senzitive (6.45 %) for active hepatitis. We did not prove positive correlation of ALT and S/CO (signal-to-cut-off) anti-HBc (Spearman r = -0,565, p < 0.0001), ALT and S/CO anti-HCV (Spearman r = -0.1046, p = 0.0022), in ALT and S/CO HBsAg the result was not statistically significant (Spearman r = -0.00968, p = 0.77). Positive but statistically insignificant correlation ALT and S/CO anti-HCV occured in the group of 5 blood donors with active HCV infection (Spearman r = 0.4, p = 0.51). Screening scheme for HCV infection testing anti-HCV + ALT was per one donation by € 0.18 more expensive than the scheme anti-HCV + HCV RNA due to amount of waisted donations with ALT elevation (825 TU, € 41 388.89). Conclusion: Elevation of ALT in blood donors was not pathognomonic for hepatitis B and C infection. Screening of HCV consisting of anti-HCV + HCV RNA (nucleic acid testing method, COBAS AmpliScreen HCV 2.0TM, ROCHE Diagnostics, Hague Road, Indianapolis, USA) is more cost-effective than the scheme anti-HCV + ALT. Keywords: alanine aminotransferase – haemovigilance – hepatitis B – hepatitis C – screening

• MeSH
• alanintransaminasa * krev   MeSH
• cytaferéza metody   využití   MeSH
• dárci krve MeSH
• erytrocyty MeSH
• hepatitida B - antigeny povrchové krev   MeSH
• hepatitida B * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hepatitida C - antigeny krev   MeSH
• hepatitida C * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spektrofotometrie metody   využití   MeSH
• viry hepatitidy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research was to create a laboratory instrument for the estimation of post-transplant lymphocele origin. It is based on the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) in the lymphocele content. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 120 lymph samples from different retroperitoneal regions were obtained from non-transplanted patients; equal numbers from the iliac region, renal cysts, and the subdiaphragmatic retroperitoneum. Activities of creatine kinase (CK) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were determined in all samples and statistically analyzed against their activity in serum from patients without surgery. RESULTS: Activities of CK in the pelvis, retroperitoneum, renal cysts, and serum were 5.06, 0.83, 6.48 (P<0.001), 2.50, 0.73, 3.60 (P<0.001), 0.02, 0.01, 0.05 (P<0.001), and 0.66, 0.41, 0.79 microkat/l, respectively. Activities of GGT in the same lymph samples were 0.26, 0.16, 0.36 (P=0.048), 0.41, 0.25, 0.48 (non-significant), 0.11, 0.07, 1.17 (P=0.003) and 0.34, 0.24, 0.55 microkat/l, respectively. A graph was constructed relating CK activity to lymph origin. CONCLUSION: Significantly different CK enzyme activity was observed in different regions of the retroperitoneum. The presented graph is a simple instrument for the estimation of the lymphocele content origin. The method requires percutaneous aspiration of the lymphocele and evaluation of the CK and GGT activity in the sample. From the graph the estimated proportion of renal lymph in the lymphocele can be read directly. This instrument can provide better understanding of post-transplant lymphocele fluid source.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kreatinkinasa krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfokela diagnóza   enzymologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based studies of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) published thus far have focused mainly on frame-based qualitative analysis of the vascular wall. Full capabilities of this inherently 3-dimensional (3D) imaging modality to quantify CAV have not been fully exploited. METHODS: Coronary OCT imaging was performed at 1 month and 12 months after heart transplant (HTx) during routine surveillance cardiac catheterization. Both baseline and follow-up OCT examinations were analyzed using proprietary, highly automated 3D graph-based optimal segmentation software. Automatically identified borders were efficiently adjudicated using our "just-enough-interaction" graph-based segmentation approach that allows to efficiently correct local and regional segmentation errors without slice-by-slice retracing of borders. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients with paired baseline and follow-up OCT studies were included. After registration of baseline and follow-up pullbacks, a total of 356 ± 89 frames were analyzed per patient. During the first post-transplant year, significant reduction in the mean luminal area (p = 0.028) and progression in mean intimal thickness (p = 0.001) were observed. Proximal parts of imaged coronary arteries were affected more than distal parts (p < 0.001). High levels of LDL cholesterol (p = 0.02) and total cholesterol (p = 0.031) in the first month after HTx were the main factors associated with early CAV development. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel, highly automated 3D OCT image analysis method for analyzing intimal and medial thickness in HTx recipients provides fast, accurate, and highly detailed quantitative data on early CAV changes, which are characterized by significant luminal reduction and intimal thickness progression as early as within the first 12 months after HTx.

• MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interpretace obrazu počítačem metody   MeSH
• koronární angiografie metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie * MeSH
• pooperační komplikace diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace srdce * MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: This study was designed to derive and validate a score to predict early ischemic events and major bleedings after an acute ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS: The derivation cohort consisted of 854 patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation included in prospective series between January 2012 and March 2014. Older age (hazard ratio 1.06 for each additional year; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.11) and severe atrial enlargement (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.87) were predictors for ischemic outcome events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic embolism) at 90 days from acute stroke. Small lesions (≤1.5 cm) were inversely correlated with both major bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.39; P=0.03) and ischemic outcome events (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.30-1.00). We assigned to age ≥80 years 2 points and between 70 and 79 years 1 point; ischemic index lesion >1.5 cm, 1 point; severe atrial enlargement, 1 point (ALESSA score). A logistic regression with the receiver-operating characteristic graph procedure (C statistic) showed an area under the curve of 0.697 (0.632-0.763; P=0.0001) for ischemic outcome events and 0.585 (0.493-0.678; P=0.10) for major bleedings. RESULTS: The validation cohort consisted of 994 patients included in prospective series between April 2014 and June 2016. Logistic regression with the receiver-operating characteristic graph procedure showed an area under the curve of 0.646 (0.529-0.763; P=0.009) for ischemic outcome events and 0.407 (0.275-0.540; P=0.14) for hemorrhagic outcome events. CONCLUSIONS: In acute stroke patients with atrial fibrillation, high ALESSA scores were associated with a high risk of ischemic events but not of major bleedings.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fibrilace síní komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• krvácení * chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tranzitorní ischemická ataka komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• tromboembolie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• warfarin škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Precise localization of the epileptogenic zone is pivotal for planning minimally invasive surgeries in drug-resistant epilepsy. Here, we present a graph neural network (GNN) framework that integrates interictal intracranial EEG features, electrode topology, and MRI features to automate epilepsy surgery planning. We retrospectively evaluated the model using leave-one-patient-out cross-validation on a dataset of 80 drug-resistant epilepsy patients treated at St. Anne's University Hospital (Brno, Czech Republic), comprising 31 patients with good postsurgical outcomes (Engel I) and 49 with poor outcomes (Engel II-IV). The GNN predictions demonstrated a significantly better (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney-U test) area under the precision-recall curve in patients with good outcomes (area under the precision-recall curve: 0.69) compared with those with poor outcomes (area under the precision-recall curve: 0.33), indicating that the model captures clinically relevant targets in successful cases. In patients with poor outcomes, the graph neural network proposed alternative intervention sites that diverged from the original clinical plans, highlighting its potential to identify alternative therapeutic targets. We show that topology-aware GNNs significantly outperformed (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) traditional neural networks while using the same intracranial EEG features, emphasizing the importance of incorporating implantation topology into predictive models. These findings uncover the potential of GNNs to automatically suggest targets for epilepsy surgery, which can assist the clinical team during the planning process.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• matematika MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

In this study, the effects of Aloe vera gel and coconut oil on wound healing were investigated and compared in rats. Forty-two Wistar albino rats were used during the experiment, in which they were operated on under general anaesthesia to create two full-thickness open skin wounds (created with a 0.5 cm diameter punch biopsy apparatus) on both back sides of the median line. A total of 42 rats were divided into three groups of 14 animals each to receive the topical application of Aloe vera gel (AV group – n = 14), coconut oil (CO group – n = 14) and cold cream (CONT group – n = 14). The medical applications were performed twice a day in all the groups. The wound borders were marked on a transparent sheet every day. Afterwards, this sheet was transferred to the millimetre graph paper. On days 0, 7, and 14, the unhealed wound area was measured in all the groups. On days 7 and 14, seven rats in each group were euthanised. Then, skin samples including the intact skin were taken from the wound sites for histopathological and biochemical evaluations. The topical application of Aloe vera gel showed a significant increase in the healing process of the open wounds in terms of the clinical evaluation, histopathological and biochemical data averages when compared with the coconut oil and cold cream groups of rats (P < 0.05). The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that Aloe vera gel may provide a good alternative for the treatment of open wounds.

The REGDIA regression diagnostics algorithm in S-Plus is introduced in order to examine the accuracy of pK(a) predictions made with four updated programs: PALLAS, MARVIN, ACD/pKa and SPARC. This report reviews the current status of computational tools for predicting the pK(a) values of organic drug-like compounds. Outlier predicted pK(a) values correspond to molecules that are poorly characterized by the pK(a) prediction program concerned. The statistical detection of outliers can fail because of masking and swamping effects. The Williams graph was selected to give the most reliable detection of outliers. Six statistical characteristics (F(exp), R(2), R(P)(2), MEP, AIC, and s(e) in pK(a) units) of the results obtained when four selected pK(a) prediction algorithms were applied to three datasets were examined. The highest values of F(exp), R(2), R(P)(2), the lowest values of MEP and s(e), and the most negative AIC were found using the ACD/pK (a) algorithm for pK(a) prediction, so this algorithm achieves the best predictive power and the most accurate results. The proposed accuracy test performed by the REGDIA program can also be applied to test the accuracy of other predicted values, such as log P, log D, aqueous solubility or certain physicochemical properties of drug molecules.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• léčivé přípravky chemie   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• software MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• validace softwaru MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   patofyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• rychlost zpracování MeSH
• únava * patofyziologie   etiologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate for a possible association between both prestroke CHA2DS2-VASc score and the severity of stroke at presentation, as well as disability and mortality at 90 days, in patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke, AF, and assessment of prestroke CHA2DS2-VASc score. Severity of stroke was assessed on admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (severe stroke: NIHSS ≥10). Disability and mortality at 90 days were assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS <3 or ≥3). Multiple logistic regression was used to correlate prestroke CHA2DS2-VASc and severity of stroke, as well as disability and mortality at 90 days. RESULTS: Of the 1020 patients included in the analysis, 606 patients had an admission NIHSS score lower and 414 patients higher than 10. At 90 days, 510 patients had mRS ≥3. A linear correlation was found between the prestroke CHA2DS2-VASc score and severity of stroke (P = .001). On multivariate analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc score correlated with severity of stroke (P = .041) and adverse functional outcome (mRS ≥3) (P = .001). A logistic regression with the receiver operating characteristic graph procedure (C-statistics) evidenced an area under the curve of .60 (P = .0001) for severe stroke. Furthermore, a correlation was found between prestroke CHA2DS2-VASc score and lesion size. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with AF, in addition to the risk of stroke, a high CHA2DS2-VASc score was independently associated with both stroke severity at onset and disability and mortality at 90 days.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda diagnóza   etiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• fibrilace síní komplikace   diagnóza   mortalita   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• metody pro podporu rozhodování * MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH