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BACKGROUND: Although neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) has been used to evaluate early neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, studies concentrating on the locus coeruleus (LC) in pre-dementia stages of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are lacking. OBJECTIVES: The aims were to evaluate NM-MRI signal changes in the LC in patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) compared to healthy controls (HC) and to identify the cognitive correlates of the changes. We also aimed to test the hypothesis of a caudal-rostral α-synuclein pathology spread using NM-MRI of the different LC subparts. METHODS: A total of 38 MCI-LB patients and 59 HCs underwent clinical and cognitive testing and NM-MRI of the LC. We calculated the contrast ratio of NM-MRI signal (LC-CR) in the whole LC as well as in its caudal, middle, and rostral MRI slices, and we compared the LC-CR values between the MCI-LB and HC groups. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the LC-CR and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS: The MCI-LB group exhibited a significant reduction in the right LC-CR compared to HCs (P = 0.021). The right LC-CR decrease was associated with impaired visuospatial memory in the MCI-LB group. Only the caudal part of the LC exhibited significant LC-CR decreases in MCI-LB patients compared to HCs on both sides (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that focuses on LC-CRs in MCI-LB patients and analyzes the LC subparts, offering new insights into the LC integrity alterations in the initial stages of DLB and their clinical correlates. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
- MeSH
- alfa-synuklein metabolismus MeSH
- demence s Lewyho tělísky * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnostické zobrazování patologie patofyziologie etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- locus coeruleus * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Worldwide prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria is rapidly increasing, and the education of undergraduates and graduates about antibiotic resistance and its associated horizontal gene transfer is critical in the general effort to confront the spread of antibiotic resistance. In this study, a deeper understanding of antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer was achieved by biomedical undergraduate students through a scientific research programme. The enthusiasm of students to participate in the training programme was very high, and results revealed that each student could identify the antibiotic resistance integrative and conjugative element from the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MER1 genome. Each student could also draw the phylogenetic relationship of the antibiotic resistance integrative and conjugative element. In addition, students proved the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from S. maltophilia MER1 to Escherichia coli strain 25DN through conjugation and PCR assays. Each group of students was able to obtain the expected results, indicating that the outcome of the scientific research programme was highly reproducible. This programme improved the theoretical knowledge about antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer and the research skills of biomedical sciences students. Through this programme, students learned that antibiotic resistance genes can be horizontally transferred among different bacteria, laying a solid foundation for students to value the importance of the appropriate use of antibiotics in their future work and life.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence * genetika MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum * výchova MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika účinky léků MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přenos genů horizontální * MeSH
- studenti lékařství MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Serum levels of uric acid (S-UA) are influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors; detailed studies of hyperuricemia in children are rare. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the causes, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches associated with the development of hyperuricemia in childhood. METHODS: In a single-center study, serum uric acid levels were analyzed in 33,900 samples from 13,890 children and adolescents<19 years (6760 girls and 7130 boys) obtained between 2013 and 2023. Hyperuricemia was defined as S-UA>370μmol/L (6.22mg/dL) in girls and>420μmol/L (7.06mg/dL) in boys; mild hyperuricemia was defined as 370-420μmol/L in boys<13 years. RESULTS: In the analyzed group, hyperuricemia was found in 1753 patients (12.6%), including 586 girls and 864 boys; mild hyperuricemia was found in 303 boys<13 years. The most common associated conditions were obesity with body mass index>95th percentile (27.8% of girls, 26.3% of boys) and chronic kidney disease (18.6% of boys, 11.4% of girls). Hyperuricemia was also relatively common in children with connective tissue disorders (10.6%) or different inherited metabolic disorders (10.7%). Transitory hyperuricemia was found in 19.1% of girls and 10.1% of boys with acute gastroenteritis. Urate-lowering therapy was used in 73 children and adolescents with severe hyperuricemia (S-UA 556±107μmol/L, fraction excretion of UA 3.27±1.98%). Eight treated children had chronic kidney disease, nine were extremely obese, one had combined antiepileptic therapy, and 55 had inherited metabolic diseases, including 26 children with disorders of purine metabolism. The initial daily dose of allopurinol (50-100mg) normalized the S-UA (350±80μmol/L) in a majority of children, except for extremely obese adolescents (weight 98-149kg) where the dose had to be increased to 200-300mg. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a relatively common biochemical finding in pediatric clinical practice. The etiology of hyperuricemia should be carefully analyzed, and the value of individualized hyperuricemia management and the eventual benefits of urate-lowering therapy in children must be carefully considered.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hyperurikemie * krev epidemiologie diagnóza MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kyselina močová * krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To develop a gadolinium-free MRI-based diagnosis prediction decision tree (DPDT) for adult-type diffuse gliomas and to assess the added value of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) enhanced images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included preoperative grade 2-4 adult-type diffuse gliomas (World Health Organization 2021) scanned between 2010 and 2021. The DPDT, incorporating eleven GBCA-free MRI features, was developed using 18% of the dataset based on consensus readings. Diagnosis predictions involved grade (grade 2 vs. grade 3/4) and molecular status (isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and 1p/19q). GBCA-free diagnosis was predicted using DPDT, while GBCA-enhanced diagnosis included post-contrast images. The accuracy of these predictions was assessed by three raters with varying experience levels in neuroradiology using the test dataset. Agreement analyses were applied to evaluate the prediction performance/reproducibility. RESULTS: The test dataset included 303 patients (age (SD): 56.7 (14.2) years, female/male: 114/189, low-grade/high-grade: 54/249, IDH-mutant/wildtype: 82/221, 1p/19q-codeleted/intact: 34/269). Per-rater GBCA-free predictions achieved ≥ 0.85 (95%-CI: 0.80-0.88) accuracy for grade and ≥ 0.75 (95%-CI: 0.70-0.80) for molecular status, while GBCA-enhanced predictions reached ≥ 0.87 (95%-CI: 0.82-0.90) and ≥ 0.77 (95%-CI: 0.71-0.81), respectively. No accuracy difference was observed between GBCA-free and GBCA-enhanced predictions. Group inter-rater agreement was moderate for GBCA-free (0.56 (95%-CI: 0.46-0.66)) and substantial for GBCA-enhanced grade prediction (0.68 (95%-CI: 0.58-0.78), p = 0.008), while substantial for both GBCA-free (0.75 (95%-CI: 0.69-0.80) and GBCA-enhanced (0.77 (95%-CI: 0.71-0.82), p = 0.51) molecular status predictions. CONCLUSION: The proposed GBCA-free diagnosis prediction decision tree performed well, with GBCA-enhanced images adding little to the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of adult-type diffuse gliomas. KEY POINTS: Question Given health and environmental concerns, is there a gadolinium-free imaging protocol to preoperatively evaluate gliomas comparable to the gadolinium-enhanced standard practice? Findings The proposed gadolinium-free diagnosis prediction decision tree for adult-type diffuse gliomas performed well, and gadolinium-enhanced MRI demonstrated only limited improvement in diagnostic accuracy. Clinical relevance Even inexperienced raters effectively classified adult-type diffuse gliomas using the gadolinium-free diagnosis prediction decision tree, which, until further validation, can be used alongside gadolinium-enhanced images to respect standard practice, despite this study showing that gadolinium-enhanced images hardly improved diagnostic accuracy.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gadolinium MeSH
- gliom * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kontrastní látky * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- nádory mozku * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rozhodovací stromy * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stupeň nádoru * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Tuberkulóza, aj napriek dostupnej kvalite liečby, ostáva významným celosvetovým zdravotným problémom. Počty úmrtí na toto ochorenie každoročne len pomaly klesajú, ale mortalita je stále vyše 1,2 milióna ľudí ročne. Incidencia tuberkulóznych pacientov v európskom priestore je oproti zvyšku sveta nižšia, avšak ich mortalita na intenzívnom oddelení ostáva veľmi vysoká. Predpokladané faktory ovplyvňujúce nepriaznivý priebeh takejto hospitalizácie ostávajú témou rôznych analýz a štúdií. V publikovanej práci sme analyzovali vzorku 112 pacientov s tuberkulózou na intenzívnych oddeleniach špecializovanej pľúcnej nemocnice. Cieľom bolo nájsť signifikantný vzťah medzi vybranými rizikovými faktormi a 30-dňovou mortalitou. Analýzou dostupných dát vykazuje štatistickú významnosť vyšší vek pacientov (p-value < 0,01), hypoalbuminémia (p-value < 0,001) a SOFA skóre (p-value < 0,001). Leukocytóza, ako významný rizikový faktor, nedosiahla štatistickú významnosť v prezentovanej štúdii pri nastavených podmienkach hodnoty p < 0,05.
Alergická rhinitida je onemocnění s vysokou prevalencí. Maximum výskytu je u dětí a v mladším dospělém věku. Odhadem až 500 milionů lidí celosvětově trpí příznaky a onemocnění má významné socioekonomické dopady. Snižuje kvalitu života pacientů a pracovní výkonnost. U dětí zhoršuje soustředění, studijní výsledky a může mít vliv i na poruchy chování. Jedná se o neinfekční zánětlivé onemocnění nosní sliznice na podkladě IgE zprostředkované imunitní odpovědi, která se rozvíjí po kontaktu s alergenem. Alergická rýma je typickým příkladem imunopatologické reakce I. typu. Je často součástí komorbidních stavů jako asthma bronchiale, alergická konjunktivitida nebo atopická dermatitida. Může se podílet na rozvoji chronické rhinosinusitidy. Pro diagnostiku je zásadní podrobná anamnéza s odhalením spouštěčů a časových sousledností. Diferenciálně diagnosticky je třeba odlišit typické příznaky (kýchání, svědění, vodnatá sekrece z nosu, nosní obturace) od jiných projevů. Přítomnost alergické senzibilizace lze většinou prokázat pomocí kožních prick testů. Nové metody molekulární alergologie pomohou zpřesnit alergenovou diagnostiku. Komponentová diagnostika pomocí rekombinantních alergenů může odhalit zkřížené reakce. Nosní provokační testy spolu s rhinomanometrií nebo hodnocením vizuální analogové škály mohou být efektivní u lokální alergické rhinitidy, kde jsou kožní testy i laboratorní hodnoty negativní. Terapeutické postupy spočívají v eliminaci alergenu a ve vícestupňové individualizované medikamentózní léčbě.
Allergic rhinitis is a disease with a high prevalence. The maximum incidence is in children and young adults. It is estimated that up to 500 million people worldwide suffer from symptoms and the disease has significant socioeconomic impacts. It reduces the quality of life of patients, work performance. In children, it impairs concentration, academic performance and can also affect behavioral disorders. It is a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa based on an IgE-mediated immune response that develops after contact with an allergen. AR is a typical example of a type I immunopathological reaction. It is often part of comorbid conditions such as bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis or atopic dermatitis. It can contribute to the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. A detailed history with the detection of triggers and time sequences is essential for diagnosis. Differential diagnosis requires distinguishing typical symptoms (sneezing, itching, watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction). Specific allergen sensitisation can usually be determined using skin prick tests. New methods of molecular allergology can improve allergen diagnostics. Component diagnostics using recombinant allergens can reveal crossreactions. Nasal provocation tests together with rhinomanometry or visual analogue scale assessment can be effective in local allergic rhinitis, where skin tests and laboratory values are negative. Therapeutic procedures consist of allergen elimination and multi-stage individualized pharmacological treatment.
BACKGROUND: Existing radiological markers of hematoma expansion (HE) show modest predictive accuracy. We aim to investigate a novel radiological marker that co-localizes findings from non-contrast CT (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) to predict HE. METHODS: Consecutive acute intracerebral hemorrhage patients admitted at Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary, Canada, were included. The Black-&-White sign was defined as any visually identified spot sign on CTA co-localized with a hypodensity sign on the corresponding NCCT. The primary outcome was hematoma expansion (⩾6 mL or ⩾33%). Secondary outcomes included absolute (<3, 3-6, 6-12, ⩾12 mL) and relative (0%, <25%, 25%-50%, 50%-75%, or >75%) hematoma growth scales. RESULTS: Two-hundred patients were included, with 50 (25%) experiencing HE. Forty-four (22%) showed the spot sign, 69 (34.5%) the hypodensity sign, and 14 (7%) co-localized both as the Black-&-White sign. Those with the Black-&-White sign had higher proportions of HE (100% vs 19.4%, p < 0.001), greater absolute hematoma growth (23.37 mL (IQR = 15.41-30.27) vs 0 mL (IQR = 0-2.39), p < 0.001) and relative hematoma growth (120% (IQR = 49-192) vs 0% (0-15%), p < 0.001). The Black-&-White sign had a specificity of 100% (95%CI = 97.6%-100%), a positive predictive value of 100% (95%CI = 76.8%-100%), and an overall accuracy of 82% (95%CI = 76%-87.1%). Among the 14 patients with the Black-&-White sign, 13 showed an absolute hematoma growth ⩾12 mL, and 10 experienced a HE exceeding 75% of the initial volume. The inter-rater agreement was excellent (kappa coefficient = 0.84). CONCLUSION: The Black-&-White sign is a robust predictor of hematoma expansion occurrence and severity, yet further validation is needed to confirm these compelling findings.
- MeSH
- cerebrální krvácení * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- CT angiografie * metody MeSH
- hematom * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozková angiografie * metody MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Využití biografických informací v oblasti zdravotní péče představuje posun směrem k individualizované péči. Tento přístup staví na poznání životních příběhů, hodnot, zvyků a zájmů, což umožňuje zdravotníkům lépe pochopit potřeby a preference lidí s demencí. V období hospitalizace, kdy se ocitá člověk s demencí mimo známé prostředí, bývá ztráta pocitu autonomie jedním z nejvýznamnějších stresorů. Práce s biografickými údaji může nejen pomoci zmírnit stres, ale také podpořit navázání komunikace a budování důvěry mezi člověkem s demencí a personálem. Vztah založený na respektu a důstojnosti je základem pro poskytování péče, která je přizpůsobena konkrétním potřebám člověka s demencí.(1) Individualizace přináší do péče kvalitu a hloubku, i když může být časově náročná. Naproti tomu unifikované přístupy sice zjednodušují procesy, často ale postrádají osobitost a kreativitu, které jsou pro individuální přístup nezbytné.(2) Každý člověk s demencí má právo na stejně kvalitní péči jako člověk bez tohoto syndromu.(3) Pouhé odborné znalosti nejsou vždy dostatečné pro zajištění optimální péče. Často máme tendenci si myslet, že je důležitá pouze přítomnost a že se nás minulost již netýká. Když se nad tím však zamyslíme, musíme si přiznat, že minulost nás nikdy zcela neopustí, ať už si to uvědomujeme, nebo ne. Je přítomná i v našem „tady a teď“ a často se propisuje do chování a každodenních zvyklostí a rutin právě u osob s demencí. A tak se nabízejí otázky: Je to pak ale ještě minulost? Jak s minulostí zacházet, aby byla přínosem v péči u osob s demencí?
The use of biographical information in healthcare represents a shift towards personalized care. This approach is based on understanding individuals’ life stories, values, habits, and interests, allowing healthcare professionals to comprehend their needs and preferences better. During hospitalization, when a person with dementia is placed in an unfamiliar environment, the loss of autonomy often becomes one of the most significant stressors. Working with biographical information can help alleviate stress, support communication, and build trust between the person with dementia and the staff. A relationship founded on respect and dignity is essential for providing care tailored to the specific needs of a person with dementia.(1) Personalization brings quality and depth to care, although it can be time-consuming. In contrast, standardized approaches may simplify processes but often lack the individuality and creativity necessary for a personalized approach.(2) Every person with dementia has the right to the same quality of care as a person without this syndrome.(3) Professional knowledge alone is not always sufficient to provide optimal care. We often believe that only the present matters and that the past no longer concerns us. However, when we reflect on it, we must acknowledge that the past never entirely leaves us—whether we realize it or not. It remains present in our „here and now“ and often manifests in the behaviors, routines, and daily habits of individuals with dementia. This raises important questions: Is it still the past? How can we work with the past to make it beneficial in the care of individuals with dementia?
Cílem práce bylo zjistit vzájemný vztah hodnot nitroočního tlaku (NOT) a tloušťky vrstvy nervových vláken (RNFL) a hustoty cévního zásobení (vessel density – VD) v oblasti zrakového nervu. Materiál a metodika: Sledovaný soubor tvořilo 104 očí, tedy 26 žen průměrného věku 45 let a 26 mužů průměrného věku 43 let. NOT byl u všech očí vyšší než 21 mmHg (21–36 mmHg) a byl měřen jako výsledek průměru tří měření přístrojem Ocular Response Analyser (ORA, Reichert). Tloušťka RNFL a VD (v papilární oblasti 4,5 x 4,5 mm) byla měřena pomocí Avanti RTVue XR (Optovue). V případě VD byla oblast skenu ještě separována na jednotlivé anatomické segmenty. V případě korigované RNFL (RNFLc) byla hodnota VD odečtena od celkové hodnoty RNFL. Pomocí Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu byl stanoven vztah NOT s VD, RNFL i s RNFLc v jednotlivých peripapilárních segmentech. Výsledky: Nejvýznamnější korelace s NOT byla zaznamenána pro VD malých cév v celém skenu (r = -0,48) a VD v segmentu IT (r= -0,48). Podobná korelace byla i u NOT a RNFL (r = -0,42). U RNFLc jsme nezaznamenali žádnou statisticky významnou korelaci. Závěr: Prokázali jsme, že pro včasnou diagnostiku glaukomu jsou signifikantním markerem hodnoty VD, konkrétně WI-VDs a peripapilární VD v segmentu IT.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between intraocular pressure (IOP) and thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and vascular density (VD) in the optic nerve. Material and methodology: IOP was greater than 21 mmHg (21–36 mmHg) in all eyes and was measured as the result of an average of three measurements with the instrument Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert). RNFL and VD thickness (in the papillary region of 4.5 x 4.5 mm) was measured with the instrument Avanti RTVue XR (Optovue). In the case of the VD, the scan area was further separated into individual anatomical segments. In the case of corrected RNFL (RNFLc), the VD value was subtracted from the total RNFL value. The relationship of IOP to VD, RNFL and RNFLc in each peripapillary segment was determined using a Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The most significant correlation with IOP was observed for small vessel VD in a full scan (r = -0.48) and VD in the IT segment (r = -0.48). A similar correlation was observed for IOP and RNFL (r = -0.42). No statistically significant correlation was observed for RNFLc. Conclusion: We demonstrated that VD values, specifically WI-VDs and peripapillary VDs in the IT segment, are significant markers for the early diagnosis of glaucoma.
- MeSH
- glaukom * diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervová vlákna MeSH
- nervus opticus patologie MeSH
- nitrooční tlak MeSH
- retinální cévy patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to comprehensively synthesize existing studies that have reported on TMG-derived parameters of lower extremities in soccer players. The PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOHost (including MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, ERIC, DOAJ, and SCOPUS) databases were searched from inception to the 31st of August, 2023. Reports were eligible if they satisfied the following criteria: recruited active soccer players, with no restriction on race, sex, age, level of expertise, or health status; studies utilizing TMG for measuring muscle contractile properties. In total, 25 published journal articles from 22 original studies were included in the current review, encompassing a total of 1224 participants (4% females). The analysis considered various muscles, with the biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), semitendinosus (ST), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) being investigated. Significant variations were observed in TMG parameters across different muscles, age categories, and levels of play. The quality of evidence varied from low to moderate for all analyses. The meta-regression analysis indicated that age moderated several TMG-derived parameters in lower limb muscles including BF Vc, RF Td and Vc, ST Dm and sustain time, VL Dm, Tc, Td and relaxation time (Tr), and VM Tc, Td and Tr, respectively. In conclusion, the current review illuminated the multifaceted applications of TMG in assessing lower extremity muscles in soccer players. Beyond evaluating muscle contractile properties in various superficial muscles of the lower limbs in soccer players, TMG-derived parameters may serve as potentially valuable markers in identifying neuromuscular risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries and predicting hamstring-related injuries.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH