Contents -- Preface vii Acknowledgments xi -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Survival Analysis 1 Introduction Answers to Practice Exercises 359 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Recurrent Event Survival Analysis Practice Exercises 408 Test 412 -- Answers to Practice Exercises 422 -- Competing Risks Survival Analysis Practice Exercises 521 Test 523 -- Answers to Practice Exercises 523 -- Computer Appendix: Survival Analysis
Statistics for biology and health
3. ed. xv, 700 s. : il.
- Keywords
- analýza přežívání,
- MeSH
- Biometry MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Health MeSH
- Conspectus
- Statistika
- NML Fields
- lékařství
- statistika
Současná počítačová technika umožňuje nahradit klasický rentgenový snímek (analogový záznam) jeho flexibilnější a univerzálnější digitální verzí. Taje schopna uplatnit všechny své přednosti až v obrazových archivačních a komunikačních systémech PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems). Článek uvádí definici systému, rámcové schéma a popis infrastruktury, která je založena napěti typech propojených počítačových systémů (radiologické zobrazovací systémy, počítače pro sběr dat, řídící počítače, databázové servery a zobrazovací pracovní stanice). Podrobněji je rozebíráno databázové schéma a zdůrazněny požádavky na standardizaci, otevřenou architekturu, bezpečnost a spolehlivost systému.
Computer technology reached the level, when the classical X-ray film can be changed to digital version. Its advantages can be seen only in PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) environment. The necessity of orientation for such systems is analyzed. The definition of PACS and the overall scheme is given in detail. Five computer subsystems form an infrastructure of one such a model ( radiologic imaging system, study acquistion computers, cluster controllers, database servers, display workstations). Need for sophisticated network connection of the system has been ítressed. Standardization, open architecture, connectiity and reliability are important attributes of functionality of such a system.
Článek analyzuje Etický kodex české lékařské komory ve filosofickém a historickém kontextu a snaží se rehabilitovat smysl Kodexu pro současnou teorii lékařství i klinickou praxi. Tradiční deontologické čtení kodexu je vykázáno jako problematické a představuje se perspektiva čtení Kodexu pomocí pojmových nástrojů etiky ctností a etiky péče. Díky této perspektivě je možné Kodex číst jako příspěvek do diskuse o tom, v čem spočívá lékařství a kdo je to dobrý lékař. Rozbor prvních pěti článků Kodexu ukazuje pojetí lékaře/ky jako osoby, která musí mít a vykazovat určité morální dispozice (ctnosti), zejména péči, praktický rozum a odvahu, aby dostála požadavkům, které na ni Kodex klade. Článek tedy představuje Kodex jako relevantní normativní text využitelný v současné bioetice, jehož kritická reflexe umožňuje vstoupit do diskuse o tom, kdo je to dobrý lékař, což je otázka stěžejní jak pro teorii lékařství, tak pro klinickou praxi.
The article analyzes the Ethical Code of the Czech Medical Chamber within a philosophical and historical context and aims to rehabilitate its significance for contemporary medical theory and clinical practice. Traditional deontological readings of the Code are identified as problematic, and a perspective of reading the code through the conceptual tools of Virtue Ethics and Ethics of Care is presented. Through this perspective, the Code can be read as a contribution to the discussion of what constitutes medicine and who is a good physician. The analysis of the first five articles of the Code shows that the physician should be a person who possess and exhibit certain moral dispositions (virtues), especially care, practical wisdom, and courage, in order to meet the demands placed on them by the Code. The article thus presents the Code as a relevant normative text applicable in contemporary bioethics, whose critical reflection enables us to enter into the discussion of who is a good physician, a pivotal question for both medical theory and clinical practice
As the amount of genome information increases rapidly, there is a correspondingly greater need for methods that provide accurate and automated annotation of gene function. For example, many high-throughput technologies--e.g., next-generation sequencing--are being used today to generate lists of genes associated with specific conditions. However, their functional interpretation remains a challenge and many tools exist trying to characterize the function of gene-lists. Such systems rely typically in enrichment analysis and aim to give a quick insight into the underlying biology by presenting it in a form of a summary-report. While the load of annotation may be alleviated by such computational approaches, the main challenge in modern annotation remains to develop a systems form of analysis in which a pipeline can effectively analyze gene-lists quickly and identify aggregated annotations through computerized resources. In this article we survey some of the many such tools and methods that have been developed to automatically interpret the biological functions underlying gene-lists. We overview current functional annotation aspects from the perspective of their epistemology (i.e., the underlying theories used to organize information about gene function into a body of verified and documented knowledge) and find that most of the currently used functional annotation methods fall broadly into one of two categories: they are based either on 'known' formally-structured ontology annotations created by 'experts' (e.g., the GO terms used to describe the function of Entrez Gene entries), or--perhaps more adventurously--on annotations inferred from literature (e.g., many text-mining methods use computer-aided reasoning to acquire knowledge represented in natural languages). Overall however, deriving detailed and accurate insight from such gene lists remains a challenging task, and improved methods are called for. In particular, future methods need to (1) provide more holistic insight into the underlying molecular systems; (2) provide better follow-up experimental testing and treatment options, and (3) better manage gene lists derived from organisms that are not well-studied. We discuss some promising approaches that may help achieve these advances, especially the use of extended dictionaries of biomedical concepts and molecular mechanisms, as well as greater use of annotation benchmarks.
The paper discusses the role of language and culture in the context of quantitative text analysis in psychological research. It reviews current automatic text analysis methods and approaches from the perspective of the unique challenges that can arise when going beyond the default English language. Special attention is paid to closed-vocabulary approaches and related methods (and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count in particular), both from the perspective of cross-cultural research where the analytic process inherently consists of comparing phenomena across cultures and languages and the perspective of generalizability beyond the language and the cultural focus of the original investigation. We highlight the need for a more universal and flexible theoretical and methodological grounding of current research, which includes the linguistic, cultural, and situational specifics of communication, and we provide suggestions for procedures that can be implemented in future studies and facilitate psychological text analysis across languages and cultures.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: eHealth interventions can help people change behavior (eg, quit smoking). Reminders sent via SMS text messaging or email may improve the adherence to web-based programs and increase the probability of successful behavior change; however, it is unclear whether their efficiency is affected by the modality of the communication channel. OBJECTIVE: A 2-armed randomized control trial was conducted to compare the effect of providing reminders via SMS text messaging versus email on the adherence to an eHealth program for smoking cessation and on the probability to initiate a quit attempt. METHODS: Smokers were recruited via an internet-based advertisement. A total of 591 participants who diverted from intended use of the program (ie, failed to log on to a session) were automatically randomized to the experimental (SMS text messaging reminder, n=304) or the active comparator (email reminder, n=287) group. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, we found that the mode of reminder delivery did not significantly affect either the adherence, namely the number of completed program sessions, with the SMS text messaging reminder group showing a mean of 4.30 (SD 3.24) and the email reminder group showing a mean of 4.36 (SD 3.27) (t586=0.197, P=.84, and Cohen d=0.016), or the outcome, namely the quit smoking attempt rate (34.2% in the SMS text messaging group vs 31.7% in the email group; χ21=0.4, P=.52). Secondary analyses showed that age, gender, and education had significant effects on program adherence and education on the outcome. Moreover, we found a significant interaction effect between the mode of reminder delivery and gender on program adherence, suggesting that the effectiveness of SMS text message reminders might be different for females and males. However, this particular finding should be treated with care as it was based on post hoc subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the modality of user reminders to log on increased neither the program adherence nor the probability of quitting smoking. This suggests that program developers may save costs using emails instead of SMS text messaging reminders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03276767; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT03276767.
- MeSH
- Electronic Mail MeSH
- Electronics MeSH
- Smokers MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Smoking Cessation * MeSH
- Text Messaging * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
Due to low intra- and interrater reliability, perceptual voice evaluation should be supported by objective, automatic methods. In this study, text-based, computer-aided prosodic analysis and measurements of connected speech were combined in order to model perceptual evaluation of the German Roughness-Breathiness-Hoarseness (RBH) scheme. 58 connected speech samples (43 women and 15 men; 48.7 ± 17.8 years) containing the German version of the text "The North Wind and the Sun" were evaluated perceptually by 19 speech and voice therapy students according to the RBH scale. For the human-machine correlation, Support Vector Regression with measurements of the vocal fold cycle irregularities (CFx) and the closed phases of vocal fold vibration (CQx) of the Laryngograph and 33 features from a prosodic analysis module were used to model the listeners' ratings. The best human-machine results for roughness were obtained from a combination of six prosodic features and CFx (r = 0.71, ρ = 0.57). These correlations were approximately the same as the interrater agreement among human raters (r = 0.65, ρ = 0.61). CQx was one of the substantial features of the hoarseness model. For hoarseness and breathiness, the human-machine agreement was substantially lower. Nevertheless, the automatic analysis method can serve as the basis for a meaningful objective support for perceptual analysis.
- MeSH
- Hoarseness diagnosis MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Voice Quality * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Speech Perception MeSH
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted * MeSH
- Voice Disorders diagnosis MeSH
- Speech * MeSH
- Speech Therapy MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Software MeSH
- Sound Spectrography methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
