Cíl studie: Stanovit výskyt intermenstruálního krvácení u uživatelek kombinované hormonálníantikoncepce (etinylestradiol 35 g/norgestimát 250 g) v závislosti na pravidelnosti užívání; stanovitprocento žen, které nezaznamenají pseudomenstruační krvácení během víkendů v případě, žezačaly užívat antikoncepci první neděli po začátku menses (tzv. nedělní start).Typ studie: Prospektivní, otevřená, nek

ective: To assess the frequency of irregular intermenstrual bleeding in combined oral contraceptive(ethinylestradiol 35 g/norgestimate 250 g, COC) users and the influence of regularity of pilluse on this frequency; to assess the occurrence of withdrawal bleeding during weekends in womenusing the COC from the first Sunday in the cycle (Sunday start method).Design: Prospective, open, non-comparati

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kombinace léků ethinylestradiol a norgestrel aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kontraceptiva orální hormonální aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krvácení etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• ukončení terapie pacientem MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE(S): To investigate the bleeding pattern and cycle control parameters of a contraceptive patch containing 0.55 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 2.1 mg gestodene (GSD) compared with a patch containing 0.6 mg EE and 6 mg norelgestromin (NGMN). STUDY DESIGN: In this phase III, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial, healthy women aged 18-35 years (smokers aged 18-30 years) received either the EE/GSD patch (n=200) or the EE/NGMN patch (n=198). Treatment consisted of one patch per week for 3 weeks followed by a 7-day, patch-free interval for seven cycles. Bleeding control was assessed in two 90-day reference periods. RESULTS: In reference period 1, mean number of bleeding/spotting days was comparable across treatment groups (p>0.05). However, in reference period 2, there were fewer bleeding/spotting days in the EE/GSD patch group (15.7 versus 18.4; p<0.0001). Mean number of bleeding/spotting episodes was comparable across groups for both reference periods, but bleeding/spotting episodes were shorter for the EE/GSD patch than the EE/NGMN patch during reference period 1 (5.13 days versus 5.53 days, respectively; p<0.05) and reference period 2 (5.07 versus 5.66; p=0.0001). Both treatment groups showed a similar frequency of withdrawal bleeding episodes; however, across all seven cycles, the length of these episodes was consistently shorter with the EE/GSD patch (p<0.01). There were no notable treatment differences in intracyclic bleeding. CONCLUSION(S): Bleeding pattern and cycle control achieved with the EE/GSD patch was similar to that of the EE/NGMN patch. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT: The paper presents data on the bleeding pattern and cycle control parameters of an investigational transdermal contraceptive patch containing EE and GSD compared with an approved contraceptive patch containing EE and NGMN. This descriptive study found that bleeding patterns associated with the EE/GSD patch were similar to those of an EE/NGMN patch providing higher EE exposure.

• MeSH
• amenorea chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estrogeny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ethinylestradiol aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kontraceptiva ženská aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastodynie chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• menstruační cyklus účinky léků   MeSH
• metroragie chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• norgestrel aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• norpregneny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• progestiny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• silné menstruační krvácení chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• transdermální náplast * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ukončení terapie pacientem MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Nizozemsko MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH

BACKGROUND: This study compared the bleeding pattern, cycle control and safety of an oral contraceptive (OC) comprising estradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG; administered using a dynamic dosing regimen) with a monophasic OC containing ethinyl estradiol 20 mcg/levonorgestrel 100 mcg (EE/LNG). E2V releases estradiol (E2), which is identical to endogenously produced 17beta-estradiol. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy trial lasting seven cycles in healthy women aged 18-50 years. RESULTS: Overall, 798 women were randomized and received allocated treatment (399 per group). There were significantly fewer bleeding/spotting days reported by women who received E2V/DNG than those who received EE/LNG [17.3+/-10.4 vs. 21.5+/-8.6, respectively, p<.0001, Reference Period 1 (Days 1-90); and 13.4+/-9.vs. 15.9+/-7.1, respectively, p<.0001, Reference Period 2 (Days 91-180)]. Through Cycles 1-7, the occurrence of scheduled withdrawal bleeding per cycle was 77.7-83.2% with E2V/DNG and 89.5-93.8% with EE/LNG (p<.0001 per cycle). The duration and intensity of scheduled withdrawal bleeding were reduced with E2V/DNG vs. EE/LNG. The incidence of intracyclic bleeding was similar with E2V/DNG (10.5%-18.6%) and EE/LNG (9.9%-17.1%) (p>.05 per cycle). No unintended pregnancies occurred with E2V/DNG, but there was one unintended pregnancy with EE/LNG. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 10.0% and 8.5% of women taking E2V/DNG and EE/LNG, respectively. Overall, 79.4% of women were satisfied with E2V/DNG and 79.9% with EE/LNG. CONCLUSIONS: A novel OC composed of E2V/DNG is associated with an acceptable bleeding profile that is comparable to that of an EE-containing OC.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• estradiol analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ethinylestradiol farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• kontraceptiva orální kombinovaná farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• levonorgestrel farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menstruační cyklus účinky léků   MeSH
• menstruační poruchy chemicky indukované   MeSH
• metroragie chemicky indukované   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nandrolon analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The study was designed to investigate whether anatomical variations of the anterior and posterior divisions of the internal iliac artery and their branches are associated with different risks of bleeding resulting from injury to the posterior pelvic segment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 19 cadavers. The dissected area included the internal iliac artery from the common iliac artery bifurcation to the origins of the superior gluteal artery, the inferior gluteal artery and the internal pudendal artery. Using an electronic slide rule, distances between the bifurcation and the origin of each branch from either the anterior or the posterior division were measured. The diameter of each vessel was also determined. Findings of the study were compared with variations described in the literature. The degree of risk for bleeding related to different anatomical variations of the internal iliac artery and its branches was evaluated based on the proximity to the bone. RESULTS: There are six anatomical variations of internal iliac artery branches. Four of them were found: type A1 was recorded in 10 specimens, type A2 in six, type B1 in two and type C in one specimen. Types B2 and D were not seen. DISCUSSION: The type B2 and C anatomical variations were considered to carry higher risks of bleeding due to injury to the posterior pelvic segment. These variations are characterized by vessels larger in diameter and a longer course of the posterior division along the posterior part of the greater sciatic notch (area often involved in unstable pelvic ring fractures). On the other hand, the type C variation showed a longer internal iliac artery separated from the bone with a thick layer of soft tissue, which suggested lower risk than was attributed to the dominant type A1 variation. It was not possible to evaluate type B2 variation because it is very rare and was not found in study material. In type A2 and B1 variations, the branches were separated from bony structures similarly to the dominant type A1 variation. CONCLUSIONS: The cadaver study designed to assess the risk of bleeding associated with different morphological variations of the branching pattern of the internal iliac artery did not identify any anatomical arrangement that might carry a higher risk of injury to the vessels by free bone fragments of the posterior segment in unstable pelvic fractures. It can be concluded that less common branching patterns of the internal iliac artery are not associated with higher risk of bleeding than the dominant type A1 variation.

• MeSH
• arteria iliaca anatomie a histologie   zranění   MeSH
• fraktury kostí komplikace   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• krvácení etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mrtvola MeSH
• pánevní kosti zranění   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

The manuscript provides an overview of treatment and its changes in adult patients with haemophilia A without inhibitors in the Czech Republic between 2013 and 2021 using data from the registry of the Czech National Haemophilia Programme (CNHP). Over a 9-year period, we focused on the reduction in the annual bleeding rate (ABR), joint bleeding rate (AJBR) and factor VIII consumption when patients with severe haemophilia A switched from on-demand treatment to prophylaxis. The ABR and AJBR include both patient-reported home treatment and treated hospitalisation episodes. All adult patients with severe haemophilia A were categorised into three groups according to the therapeutic regimen. The first group was patients on prophylaxis during the follow-up period, the second group consisted of patients on on-demand treatment, and the third group was patients who received both treatment regimens during follow-up. With an increase in the proportion of patients with severe haemophilia A on prophylaxis from 37 to 74% between 2013 and 2021, the ABR for all patients with severe haemophilia A decreased approximately 6.9-fold, and the AJBR decreased 8.7-fold. Expectedly, the factor consumption increased by approximately 68.5%. In the group of patients with severe haemophilia A who had switched from an on-demand to a prophylactic regimen, the total number of bleeding events decreased 3.5-fold, and the number of joint bleeding episodes decreased 3.9-fold. Factor VIII consumption increased by 78.4%. Our study supports a previously reported positive effect of prophylaxis on bleeding control. We believe that the substantial improvement in ABR justifies the increased treatment costs.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktor VIII * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hemofilie A * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• krvácení * chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Cíl: Prezentovat obraz krvácení do jejuna na dynamické studii a SPECT/ldCT s následným potvrzením angiodysplazie. Kazuistika: 78letá pacientka s 3 dny trvajícím vertigem, dušností a melénou byla odeslána na scintigrafickou detekci zdroje gastrointestinálního krvácení. Vstupně byla u pacientky laboratorně zjištěna extrémně nízká hladina hemoglobinu (50 g/l) a mírná leukocytóza. Byla provedena urgentní gastroskopie, která byla bez známek krvácení. Po akutní transfuzní terapii byla pacientka odeslána na naše pracoviště. Pacientce bylo odebráno 20 ml krve. Centrifugací byly získány autologní erytrocyty, které byly označeny in – vitro dostupným komerčním kitem s 99mTc o aktivitě 842 MBq. Erytrocyty byly poté intravenózně aplikovány zpět pacientce. Vyšetření bylo provedeno standardně jako hodinová dynamická studie na dvoudetektorové kameře OPTIMA NM/CT 640 s kolimátorem HR s doplněním tomografických obrazů v časovém odstupu. Již v průběhu dynamické studie byla zachycena extravazace aktivity v oblasti mezogastria. Aktivita se s časem posouvala v trávicí trubici aborálně. Bylo doplněno SPECT/low dose CT břicha, které ukázalo extravazaci aktivity do lumen jejuna. Pacientce byla provedena gastroduodenoenteroskopie, kde se potvrdila angiodysplazie proximálního jejuna. V rámci výkonu byla angiodysplazie v jednom čase ošetřena opichem adrenalinu a cévním klipem. Závěr: V naší kazuistice potvrzujeme důležitost zobrazení gastrointestinálního krvácení s využitím značených erytrocytů. V diagnostice krvácení z tenkého střeva je tato metoda nezastupitelná. Ostatní metody, jako gastroskopie a kolonoskopie, jsou schopné ve standardním provedení zobrazit pouze orální a terminální části trávicího traktu.

Goal: To present a pattern of bleeding into the jejunum on a dynamic study and SPECT/ldCT with subsequent confirmation of angiodysplasia. Case report: A 78-year-old female patient with 3 days of vertigo, shortness of breath and melena was sent for scintigraphic detection of the source of gastrointestinal bleeding. An extremely low hemoglobin level (50 g/l) and mild leukocytosis were detected in the laboratory. An emergency gastroscopy was performed, there were no signs of bleeding. After acute transfusion therapy, the patient was sent to our departement. The amount of 20 ml of blood was taken from the patient. Autologous erythrocytes were obtained by centrifugation, they were labeled in vitro with a commercially available kit with 99mTc with an activity of 842 MBq. The erythrocytes were then administrated back into the patient. The examination was performed as a standard one-hour dynamic study on a two-detector OPTIMA NM/CT 640 camera with an HR collimator with the addition of tomographic images. Already during the dynamic study, extravasation activity in the area of the mesogastrium was detected. Activity shifted aborally in the intestine over time. Abdominal SPECT/low dose CT was added, which showed extravasation of activity into the jejunal lumen. The patient underwent a gastroduodenoenteroscopy, where angiodysplasia of the proximal jejunum was confirmed. As part of the angiodysplasia procedure, she was simultaneously treated with an adrenaline injection and a vascular clip. Conclusion: In our case report, we confirm the importance of imaging gastrointestinal bleeding using labeled erythrocytes. In the diagnosis of bleeding from the small intestine, this method is irreplaceable. Other methods, such as gastroscopy and colonoscopy, are capable of displaying only the oral and terminal parts of the digestive tract in the standard version.

• MeSH
• angiodysplazie * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení * diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• SPECT/CT metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective rescue method for severe respiratory and cardiac failure. Right ventricular (RV) failure with cardiogenic shock is a critical condition with generally poor prognosis unless aggressive therapeutical measures are undertaken. Authors report on their initial experience with ECMO support in severe RV failure with cardiogenic shock caused by an obstructive hemodynamic pattern. Four patients with cardiogenic shock due to severe RV failure related to pulmonary arterial hypertension (2 patients), congenital heart disease with Eisenmenger physiology (1 subject) and massive pulmonary embolism (1 patient) were supported with emergency veno-arterial ECMO. ECMO circuit was instituted using peripheral cannulation in all subjects. Immediate hemodynamic and ventilatory improvement was observed in all patients. The mean support duration was 11 days (range 5-16 days), 2 (50%) patients were successfully weaned off ECMO and survived to hospital discharge. The other 2 patients were considered by mutual consensus to have irreversible organ damage, the ECMO support was withdrawn and the patients died. Bleeding complications were the main complications observed. As per initial experience, veno-arterial ECMO allows bypassing of the pulmonary bed, therefore, relieves the RV pressure overload and does not cause further elevation of the pulmonary pressures in contrary to RV assist devices. This aggressive management approach requires further clinical evaluation in order to establish its definite role in critical RV failure.

• MeSH
• arteriální okluzní nemoci patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Eisenmengerův syndrom patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• kardiogenní šok patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace metody   MeSH
• plicní hypertenze patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• plicní oběh fyziologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• srdeční selhání patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Interruption of antithrombotic treatment before surgery may prevent bleeding, but at the price of increasing cardiovascular complications. This prospective study analysed the impact of antithrombotic therapy interruption on outcomes in non-selected surgical patients with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: All 1200 consecutive patients (age 74.2 ± 10.2 years) undergoing major non-cardiac surgery (37.4 % acute, 61.4 % elective) during a period of 2.5 years while having at least one CVD were enrolled. Details on medication, bleeding, cardiovascular complications and cause of death were registered. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 3.9 % (versus 0.9 % mortality among 17,740 patients without CVD). Cardiovascular complications occurred in 91 (7.6 %) patients (with 37.4 % case fatality). Perioperative bleeding occurred in 160 (13.3 %) patients and was fatal in 2 (1.2 % case fatality). Multivariate analysis revealed age, preoperative anaemia, history of chronic heart failure, acute surgery and general anaesthesia predictive of cardiovascular complications. For bleeding complications multivariate analysis found warfarin use in the last 3 days, history of hypertension and general anaesthesia as independent predictive factors. Aspirin interruption before surgery was not predictive for either cardiovascular or for bleeding complications. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative cardiovascular complications in these high-risk elderly all-comer surgical patients with known cardiovascular disease are relatively rare, but once they occur, the case fatality is high. Perioperative bleeding complications are more frequent, but their case fatality is extremely low. Patterns of interruption of chronic aspirin therapy before major non-cardiac surgery are not predictive for perioperative complications (neither cardiovascular, nor bleeding). Simple baseline clinical factors are better predictors of outcomes than antithrombotic drug interruption patterns.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nebezpečí postextrakčního krvácení po stomatologických výkonech je pro ošetřujícího lékaře samozřejmě stresující faktor. Rizikovou skupinou jsou pacienti s antitrombotickou léčbou. Nejednoznačnost názorů na přístup k invazivnímu ošetření této skupiny pacientů prohlubuje rozpory v indikacích a strategii léčby hlavně u pacientů s akutními obtížemi, které vyžadují rychlé a bezpečné řešení. Autor v tomto příspěvku uvádí doporučení před extrakční terapií u pacientů na antiagregační a antikoagulační léčbě.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• extrakce zubů MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krvácení prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• stomatochirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vzorové postupy ve stomatologii MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this post hoc analysis was to analyze real-world dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimens following polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent (PF-SES) implantations in an unselected patient population. METHODS: Patient-level data from two all-comers observational studies (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02629575 and NCT02905214) were pooled and analyzed in terms of their primary endpoint. During the data verification process, we observed substantial deviations from DAPT guideline recommendations. To illuminate this gap between clinical practice and guideline recommendations, we conducted a post hoc analysis of DAPT regimens and clinical event rates for which we defined the net adverse event rate (NACE) consisting of target lesion revascularization (TLR, primary endpoint of all-comers observational studies) all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and bleeding events. A logistic regression was utilized to determine predictors why ticagrelor was used in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients instead of the guideline-recommended clopidogrel. RESULTS: For stable CAD, the composite endpoint of clinical, bleeding, and stent thrombosis, i.e., NACE, between the clopidogrel and ticagrelor treatment groups was not different (5.4% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.745). Likewise, in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cohort, the NACE rates were not different between both DAPT strategies (9.2% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.927). There were also no differences in the accumulated rates for TLR, myocardial infarction ([MI], mortality, bleeding events, and stent thrombosis in elective and ACS patients. The main predictors for ticagrelor use in stable CAD patients were age < 65 years, smaller vessels, treatment of ostial and calcified lesions, and in-stent restenosis. CONCLUSION: Within the framework of a post hoc analysis based on a real-world, large cohort study, there were no differences in the combined endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), bleeding and thrombotic events for clopidogrel and ticagrelor in stable CAD or ACS patients. Despite the recommendation for clopidogrel by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), real-world ticagrelor use was observed in subgroups of stable CAD patients that ought to be explored in future trials.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dodržování směrnic MeSH
• duální protidestičková léčba * škodlivé účinky   mortalita   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární látky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• koronární angioplastika škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   mortalita   MeSH
• koronární trombóza etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• krvácení chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen diagnostické zobrazování   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• protézy - design MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sirolimus aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• stenty uvolňující léky * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH