• MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koně imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• Legionella imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• legionelóza diagnóza   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• prasata imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• sérologické testy MeSH
• skot MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Interspecific communication between humans and pets is possible through vocal cues. We studied how humans with differing experience with domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) interpret pig vocalizations. Forty-eight ethologists studying pigs, 31 pig-caretakers and 54 naive students evaluated the emotional intensity and valence (negative/positive) of recordings from two negative (castration, isolation) and two positive (reunion with the sow, postsuckling) contexts. They also identified the context in which the recordings were made. Castration vocalizations were evaluated as highly intense and unpleasant. The positive contexts were evaluated as low in intensity and positive in valence, and isolation fell in the middle for both intensity and valence. Compared with the other two groups, pig-caretakers evaluated the intensity of vocalizations as lower, and ethologists evaluated the valence as more negative. The level of successful classification exceeded that expected by chance for all four contexts but was especially accurate for castration. Ethologists achieved better recognition than students. Classifying (right context) and understanding the emotional content (valence, intensity) of pig vocalizations is thus a general ability of humans, although it varies according to an individual's experience with pigs.

• MeSH
• asociační učení MeSH
• diskriminační učení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pochopení MeSH
• praxe (psychologie) MeSH
• sluchová percepce MeSH
• sociální percepce MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• vokalizace zvířat MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

We describe the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium pig genotype II and propose the species name Cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. to reflect its prevalence in adult pigs worldwide. Oocysts of C. scrofarum are morphologically indistinguishable from C. parvum, measuring 4.81-5.96 μm (mean=5.16)×4.23-5.29 μm (mean=4.83) with a length to width ratio of 1.07±0.06 (n=400). Oocysts of C. scrofarum obtained from a naturally infected pig were infectious for 8-week-old pigs but not 4-week-old pigs. The prepatent period in 8-week-old Cryptosporidium-naive pigs was 4-6 days and the patent period was longer than 30 days. The infection intensity of C. scrofarum in pigs was generally low, in the range 250-4000 oocysts per gram of feces. Infected pigs showed no clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis and no pathology was detected. Cryptosporidium scrofarum was not infectious for adult SCID mice, adult BALB/c mice, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), southern multimammate mice (Mastomys coucha), yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), or guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit rRNA, actin, and heat shock protein 70 gene sequences revealed that C. scrofarum is genetically distinct from all known Cryptosporidium species.

• MeSH
• Cryptosporidium klasifikace   cytologie   genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Gerbillinae MeSH
• kryptosporidióza patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši SCID MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nemoci prasat parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protozoální geny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

• MeSH
• Eukaryota izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• prasata parazitologie   MeSH
• protozoální infekce zvířat epidemiologie   MeSH
• střeva parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• antisérum MeSH
• glukagon analýza   MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• specificita protilátek MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• morčata MeSH

This study presents results of epidemiological survey and genetic characterisation of porcine enteric picornaviruses belonging to the genera Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, and Porcine enterovirus B. Faecal or gut content samples from domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and the cecal content of wild boars (Sus scrofa) of different ages (collected between 2005 and 2011) were analysed by molecular methods. Porcine enterovirus B was the most prevalent virus detected in both domestic pigs and wild boars (50.2% and 69.4%, respectively), followed by Porcine teschovirus and Porcine sapelovirus. The majority of positive domestic pigs (69.4%) and wild boars (64.3%) were infected with two or three tested viruses. There was no significant difference in prevalences of teschoviruses, sapeloviruses, and enteroviruses among healthy and diarrhoeic pigs. Results of epidemiological survey demonstrated that all target viral genera are common in Czech farms producing pigs and wild boars. Amplified nucleotide fragments of VP2 region obtained from randomly selected both historical and recent Teschovirus isolates were sequenced. Based on sequence data, historical Porcine teschovirus isolate CAPM V-180, previously determined as serotype 1 was reclassified into serotype 11. Moreover, another recent Porcine teschovirus isolate OH264/2010 was described and classified into serotype 11. Four nontypeable PTV strains (historical isolate CAPM V-182/1976 and recent isolates JA247/2010, NI429/2010, and BR1576/2007) identified in this study might represent novel serotypes. To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the first description of this serotype in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• cékum virologie   MeSH
• enteroviry prasat klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• Picornaviridae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• pikornavirové infekce epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• prasata virologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sérotypizace MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• Sus scrofa virologie   MeSH
• Teschovirus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

I když kvasinky různé druhy zvířat často jen kolonizují, mohou u nich způsobit i závažná onemocnění. Cílem studie byla identifikace kvasinkových izolátů, zachycených od psů, krav a domácích prasat, a dále stanovení jejich citlivosti k antimykotikům. Celkem bylo testováno 56 kvasinkových kultur, z nich 24 pocházelo ze psů, 20 z krav a 12 z domácích prasat. Hodnocen byl jejich vzhled na Sabouraudově agaru, mikromorfologie na rýžovém agaru, asimilace a fermentace různých zdrojů uhlíku, případně i dusíku. Citlivost k šesti antimykotikům (flucytosin, amfotericin B, mikonazol, ketokonazol, itrakonazol a flukonazol) byla stanovena semikvantitativně pomocí komerční soupravy Fungitest (Bio-Rad Laboratories). U psů bylo identifikováno celkem 10 druhů kvasinek, jejich zastoupení bylo téměř rovnoměrné. Naopak u krav ze 7 zachycených druhů výrazně dominovala Candida krusei (65 %), u prasat z 5 Candida rugosa (50 %). Dále bylo zjištěno poměrně nízké zastoupení rezistentních kmenů studovaného souboru kvasinek k testovaným antimykotikům. Nejvíce citlivých izolátů bylo k amfotericinu B, ketokonazolu a itrakonazolu. Na základě výsledků je možno konstatovat, že mezi soubory izolátů od psů, krav a domácích prasat byly prokázány významné rozdíly ve spektru druhů kvasinek, pravděpodobně jako důsledek vlivu odlišného prostředí a endogenního zdroje. Většinou dobrá citlivost k systémovým antimykotikům by měla mít pozitivní vliv na úspěšnost léčby případných kvasinkových mykóz ve veterinární medicíně.

Yeasts frequently colonize various kinds of domestic animals, but may also cause serious diseases. The aim of this study was to identify yeast isolates collected from dogs, cows and pigs, and to determine their in vitro antifungal susceptibility. Fifty-six yeast isolates from dogs (n = 24), cows (n = 20), and pigs (n = 12) were investigated. Appearance of colonies grown on Sabouraud agar, micromorphology on rice agar, as well as assimilation and fermentation of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated. Susceptibility to six antifungals (flucytosine, amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole) was determined semiquantitatively using the commercially available Fungitest kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Ten yeast species were identified in dogs with relatively even distribution. On the other handed, cow and pig were clearly dominated by Candida krusei (from 7 species) and Candida rugosa (from 5 species), respectively. Further, most of yeast isolates exhibited good susceptibility to the antifungals tested particularly to amphotericin B, ketoconazole and itraconazole. Based on results, it can be concluded that significant differences in the species spectrum and distribution were documented between groups of yeasts from dogs, cows and pigs. This is probably due to different environmental conditions and the endogenous origin of the yeast isolates. Mostly good susceptibility to systemic antifungals should positively influence the therapy of diseases caused by yeasts in veterinary medicine.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kvasinky MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky veterinární   využití   MeSH
• prasata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• psi mikrobiologie   MeSH
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Sus scrofa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi mikrobiologie   MeSH
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Gnathostomes are of interest because of their unique appearance and medical importance. Among 13 valid species of the genus Gnathostoma Owen, 1836 (Nematoda: Spirurida), two species, G. doloresi Tubangui, 1925 and G. hispidum Fedtschenko, 1872, are parasites of pigs but their larvae can infect humans to cause gnathostomiasis. In this study, we collected adults of Gnathostoma sp. from the stomach of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus Linnaeus) from Dien Bien Province, northern Vietnam. Morphologically, nematodes found here are most similar to G. doloresi with a slight difference in the spicules of males. In contrast, they are genetically distinct from G. doloresi and other species of Gnathostoma in both ITS2 and cox1 sequences. The findings of the present study suggest that specimens of Gnathostoma sp. found in Dien Bien are likely a new species and emphasise the need of further studies on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship of species of Gnathostoma. Special attention should also be paid to swine and human gnathostomiasis in Dien Bien Province, Vietnam and the neighbouring areas of China and Laos.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• Gnathostoma anatomie a histologie   genetika   MeSH
• gnathostomóza parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA analýza   MeSH
• nemoci prasat parazitologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteiny červů analýza   MeSH
• respirační komplex IV analýza   MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Vietnam MeSH

• MeSH
• chřipka lidská etiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální genetika MeSH
• Orthomyxoviridae imunologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH