Tubular adenoma (TA) and syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) may show histopathological overlap, with some lesions having features of both neoplasms (SCAP + TA). TA has been recently suggested to represent a carcinoma. Four observers blindly assessed 67 cases of TA, SCAP, and their lookalikes (poroma, apocrine adenoma, apocrine carcinoma; all lesions focally featuring a pseudopapillary pattern), and classified the lesions into one of four categories: (1) TA, (2) SCAP, (3) SCAP + TA, and (4) others. Lesions were also classified as benign or malignant. In only 29 cases was there unanimous agreement among the four observers, who classified 22 lesions as TA, three as SCAP, and four cases as others. Of the 38 cases where there was interobserver diagnostic variation, in 30, the diagnosis varied between TA or SCAP or SCAP + TA; the remainder fell in the others category. Analysis of the factors leading to interobserver variability indicated that diagnostic problems occurred when there were any of the following: epidermal acanthosis, papillomatosis, connection of the neoplastic tubules to the overlying epidermis and/or follicular infundibula, and plasma cell infiltration. These features accounted for the morphological overlap between TA and SCAP. All observers agreed that the lesions were benign; the only apocrine carcinoma included was recognized as such by all observers. From the study, it was concluded that TA may arise in the deep dermis without any epidermal connection, or, in other cases, it may be more superficially located with or without an epidermal connection. It may be reasonably inferred that, possibly as a response to infection, there may be accompanying plasma cells and variable acanthosis and papillomatosis, such that the appearances are those of "pure" SCAP, or lesions may have features "intermediate" or overlapping between TA and SCAP.

• MeSH
• adenom potní žlázy diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• cystadenom diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• dermatologie metody   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mnohočetné primární nádory diagnóza   MeSH
• nádory potních žláz diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• patologie metody   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• multicentrická studie MeSH

• MeSH
• čtyřhlavý sval stehenní * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kritický stav * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIMS: Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) has emerged as bail-out treatment for ventricular tachycardia (VT). Accurate, reproducible, and easy-to-use data transfer from electroanatomical mapping (EAM) systems to radiotherapy planning CT is desirable. We aim to evaluate interobserver variability, ease of use, and learning curve for EAM based target volume (CardTV-EPinv) creation and transfer using available software packages. METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients considered for STAR, CardTV-EPinv were created using ADAS and Slicer3D for workflow comparison. Four CardTV-EPinv (clinically targeted volume and three mock targets) were created by an experienced operator and a 2nd-year medical student, based on endocardial EAM tags indicating VT substrate location. CardTV-EPinv sizes, Hausdorff distances (HDs), and workflow duration were measured to assess interobserver variability and learning curve. Agreement between CardTV-EPinv was high using ADAS and Slicer3D workflows (HD 3.64 mm [2.7-4.5]). ADAS workflow was faster and more robust (ADAS 26 min [24-29] vs. Slicer3D 65 min [61-70], P < 0.001; system crashes: ADAS 0 vs. Slicer3D 7). In 20 patients (80% non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF 35 ± 14%), 80 CardTV-EPinv were created using ADAS. CardTV-EPinv size was similar for both observers (11.8 mL [10.1-13.7] vs. 10.7 mL [9.6-11.8], P = 0.17), with high interobserver agreement (HD 1.68 mm [1.45-1.96]; 95th percentile HD < 4.8 mm [3.5-5.7]). Linear regression showed a steep learning curve for the student (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: CardTV-EPinv creation showed excellent interobserver agreement and was faster and more robust using ADAS than 3D slicer. The steep learning curve appears clinically relevant given the limited use of STAR even in high-volume VT ablation centres.

• MeSH
• elektrofyziologické techniky kardiologické MeSH
• komorová tachykardie * patofyziologie   chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   radioterapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• křivka učení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače * metody   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• průběh práce MeSH
• radiochirurgie * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• software * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Staging criteria for renal cell carcinoma differ from many other cancers, in that renal tumors are often spherical with subtle, finger-like extensions into veins, renal sinus, or perinephric tissue. We sought to study interobserver agreement in pathologic stage categories for challenging cases. An online survey was circulated to urologic pathologists interested in kidney tumors, yielding 89% response (31/35). Most questions included 1 to 4 images, focusing on: vascular and renal sinus invasion (n=24), perinephric invasion (n=9), and gross pathology/specimen handling (n=17). Responses were collapsed for analysis into positive and negative/equivocal for upstaging. Consensus was regarded as an agreement of 67% (2/3) of participants, which was reached in 20/33 (61%) evaluable scenarios regarding renal sinus, perinephric, or vein invasion, of which 13/33 (39%) had ≥80% consensus. Lack of agreement was especially encountered regarding small tumor protrusions into a possible vascular lumen, close to the tumor leading edge. For gross photographs, most were interpreted as suspicious but requiring histologic confirmation. Most participants (61%) rarely used special stains to evaluate vascular invasion, usually endothelial markers (81%). Most agreed that a spherical mass bulging well beyond the kidney parenchyma into the renal sinus (71%) or perinephric fat (90%) did not necessarily indicate invasion. Interobserver agreement in pathologic staging of renal cancer is relatively good among urologic pathologists interested in kidney tumors, even when selecting cases that test the earliest and borderline thresholds for extrarenal extension. Disagreements remain, however, particularly for tumors with small, finger-like protrusions, closely juxtaposed to the main mass.

• MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk patologie   MeSH
• laboratorní medicína metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin patologie   MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• patologové MeSH
• staging nádorů metody   MeSH
• urologie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate interobserver agreement for the assessment of local tumor extension in women with cervical cancer, among experienced and less experienced observers, using transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: The TVS observers were all gynecologists and consultant ultrasound specialists, six with and seven without previous experience in cervical cancer imaging. The MRI observers were five radiologists experienced in pelvic MRI and four less experienced radiology residents without previous experience in MRI of the pelvis. The less experienced TVS observers and all MRI observers underwent a short basic training session in the assessment of cervical tumor extension, while the experienced TVS observers received only a written directive. All observers were assigned the same images from cervical cancer patients at all stages (n = 60) and performed offline evaluation to answer the following three questions: (1) Is there a visible primary tumor? (2) Does the tumor infiltrate > ⅓ of the cervical stroma? and (3) Is there parametrial invasion? Interobserver agreement within the four groups of observers was assessed using Fleiss kappa (κ) with 95% CI. RESULTS: Experienced and less experienced TVS observers, respectively, had moderate interobserver agreement with respect to tumor detection (κ (95% CI), 0.46 (0.40-0.53) and 0.46 (0.41-0.52)), stromal invasion > ⅓ (κ (95% CI), 0.45 (0.38-0.51) and 0.53 (0.40-0.58)) and parametrial invasion (κ (95% CI), 0.57 (0.51-0.64) and 0.44 (0.39-0.50)). Experienced MRI observers had good interobserver agreement with respect to tumor detection (κ (95% CI), 0.70 (0.62-0.78)), while less experienced MRI observers had moderate agreement (κ (95% CI), 0.51 (0.41-0.62)), and both experienced and less experienced MRI observers, respectively, had good interobserver agreement regarding stromal invasion (κ (95% CI), 0.80 (0.72-0.88) and 0.71 (0.61-0.81)) and parametrial invasion (κ (95% CI), 0.69 (0.61-0.77) and 0.71 (0.61-0.81)). CONCLUSIONS: We found interobserver agreement for the assessment of local tumor extension in patients with cervical cancer to be moderate for TVS and moderate-to-good for MRI. The level of interobserver agreement was associated with experience among TVS observers only for parametrial invasion. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

• MeSH
• cervix uteri diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gynekologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• klinické kompetence statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• radiologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• staging nádorů metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vagina diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) shows histologic diversity with streaming and targetoid features whereas cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland (CASG) demonstrates predominantly cribriform and solid patterns with glomeruloid structures and optically clear nuclei. Opinions diverge on whether CASG represents a separate entity or a variant of PAC. We aimed to assess the level of agreement among 25 expert Head and Neck pathologists in classifying these tumors. Digital slides of 48 cases were reviewed and classified as: PAC, CASG, tumors with ≥50% of papillary architecture (PAP), and tumors with indeterminate features (IND). The consensus diagnoses were correlated with a previously reported molecular alteration. The consensus diagnoses were PAC in 18/48, CASG in16/48, PAP in 3/48, and IND in 11/48. There was a fair interobserver agreement in classifying the tumors (κ=0.370). The full consensus was achieved in 3 (6%) cases, all of which were classified as PAC. A moderate agreement was reached for PAC (κ=0.504) and PAP (κ=0.561), and a fair agreement was reached for CASG (κ=0.390). IND had only slight diagnostic concordance (κ=0.091). PAC predominantly harbored PRKD1 hotspot mutation, whereas CASG was associated with fusion involving PRKD1, PRKD2, or PRKD3. However, such molecular events were not exclusive as 7% of PAC had fusion and 13% of CASG had mutation. In conclusion, a fair to moderate interobserver agreement can be achieved in classifying PAC and CASG. However, a subset (23%) showed indeterminate features and was difficult to place along the morphologic spectrum of PAC/CASG among expert pathologists. This may explain the controversy in classifying these tumors.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom klasifikace   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• fúze genů MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory slinných žláz klasifikace   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Kanada MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Cíl Práce: Zhodnotit rozdíly v hodnocení stenóz ilických tepen čtyřmi nezávislými hodnotiteli a porovnat názory na indikaci k implantaci stentu. Porovnání hodnocení významnosti stenózy s naměřeným systolickým tlakovým gradientem. Materiál a metodika: Bylo hodnoceno celkem 26 diagnostických angiografií, 10 angiografií po PTA a 19 angiografií po implantaci stentu. Angiografické nálezy byly anonymně hodnoceny třemi různými lékaři mimo IIQBM a jedním z lékařů IKEM. Bylo provedeno srovnání hodnocení nálezů mezi sebou a současně s naměřeným transstenotickým systolickým gradientem. Všichni účastníci se současně měli vyjádřit k indikovanosti implantace stentu. Výsledky: Shoda hodnocení stenóz s tlakovým gradientem jednotlivými hodnotiteli je poměrně malá, u některých hodnotitelů se blíží pouze hodnotě 50 %. Stejně tak vzájemná shoda hodnocení významnosti stenózy u jednotlivých hodnotitelů se velmi liší a pohybuje se v rozmezí 37 -100 %. Ani indikace k implantaci stentu nejsou jednotné a u jednotlivých hodnotitelů se liší. Závěr: Stenózy pánevních tepen se u nás hodnotí nestandardně a hodnocení jednotlivých pracovišť se od sebe podstatně liší.

Objective: Comparison of interobserver variation in a) angiographic quantification of iliac artery stenosis and b) indications for stent implantation. Comparison of stenosis quantification with measured transstenotic systolic pressure gradient. Material and methods: 26 „diagnostic" angiographies, 10 post PTA angiographies and 19 angiographies after stent implantation were independently reviewed by 4 observers: 3 were from outside hospitals, 1 of our Institute. Subjective quantification of stenosis severity was compared between the observers and also to the measured pressure gradient. Recommendation for stent implantation made by individual readers were tabulated. Results: Interobserver agreement for stenosis severity was poor, especially for the group of diagnostic angiographies where ranked between 37 -100 %. When compared to transstenotic pressure gradients the agreement was also poor and in some observers is close to 50 % only. Similarly the indication for stent implantation is not uniform as well and differed notably from observer to observer. Conclusion: Significant variability in estimation of iliac artery stenosis severity was found between four independent readers. There is also significant variability in recommendation for stent implantation. Thus, there is little uniformity in angiographic evaluation and treatment plans among interventional radiologists in our country.

• MeSH
• angiografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• arteria iliaca MeSH
• arteriální okluzní nemoci diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• balónková angioplastika metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stenty MeSH
• systola MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

A commonly used method to determine the strength of adhesion between adhering lipid vesicles is measuring their effective contact angle from experimental images. The aim of this paper is to estimate the interobserver variations in vesicles effective contact angle measurements and to propose a new method for estimating the strength of membrane vesicle adhesion. Theoretical model shows for the old and for the new measure a monotonic dependence on the strength of adhesion. Results obtained by both measuring techniques show statistically significant correlation and high interobserver reliability for both methods. Therefore the conventional method of measuring the effective contact angle gives qualitatively relevant results as the measure of the lipid vesicle adhesion. However, the new measuring technique provides a lower variation of the measured values than the conventional measures using the effective contact angle. Moreover, obtaining the adhesion angle can be automatized more easily than obtaining the effective contact angle.

• MeSH
• adhezivita MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• cytoplazmatické vezikuly chemie   fyziologie   MeSH
• lipidy chemie   fyziologie   MeSH
• mechanický stres MeSH
• membrány chemie   fyziologie   MeSH
• mikroskopie fázově kontrastní MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• pevnost ve smyku fyziologie   MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Byly srovnány dvě různé metody izoelektrické fokusace v agarosovém gelu pro detekci oligoklonálních IgG pásů v likvoru a séru: komerční metoda s imunofixací (Sebia) a „home-made“ metoda s použitím přístroje Multiphor II následovaná afinitním imunoblottingem. Byla posouzena shoda mezi metodami i hodnotícími, pokud jde o přítomnost intrathékální syntézy IgG, zařazení nálezu do jednoho z pěti typů podle mezinárodní klasifikace, počet intrathékálně syntezovaných IgG pásů a počet pásů v likvoru a v séru. Výsledky: Pro posouzení shody jsme použili statistiku kappa. Pokud jde o přítomnost intrathékální syntézy IgG, byla shoda velmi dobrá (kappa 0,870 až 1,000 mezi metodami a 0,947 a 0,920 mezi hodnotícími, což představuje 0 až 5 neshodně hodnocených nálezů z celkového počtu 114). V zařazení nálezu do jednoho z pěti typů podle mezinárodní klasifikace byla shoda méně vyjádřená (kappa 0,389 až 0,596 mezi metodami); při použití „home-made“ metody byla shoda mezi hodnotícími horší (kappa 0,478) než v případě komerční imunofixační metody (kappa 0,791). Shoda v počtu intrathékálně syntezovaných IgG pásů byla jen mírná, shoda v počtu oligoklonálních IgG pásů v likvoru a v séru byla slabá. Závěry: Oběma metodami lze spolehlivě detekovat oligoklonální IgG a metody lze považovat za rovnocenné. Pro klasifikaci typu nálezu však byla shoda mezi hodnotícími lepší při použití komerční imunofixační metody. Poměrně špatná reprodukovatelnost počítání oligoklonálních IgG pásů by měla být známa klinickým lékařům, protože porovnávání počtu pásů s sebou přináší potenciální riziko zavádějících interpretací.

Background: We compared two different agarose isoelectric focusing methods for detection of oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum: commercial method with immunofixation (Sebia) and home-made method using Multiphor II apparatus followed by affinity immunoblotting. Interobserver agreement for both methods was tested concerning the presence of intrathecal IgG synthesis, the detailed isoelectric focusing pattern type, the number of CSF-restricted oligoclonal IgG bands, and the number of oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF and in serum. Findings: Using kappa statistics for evaluation of agreement, we found there was very good agreement concerning the presence of intrathecal IgG synthesis (kappa 0.870 to 1.000 between methods, and 0.947 and 0.920 between observers, respectively, representing 0 to 5 out of 114 samples classified differently). The agreement was less pronounced when international consensus classification of isoelectric focusing patterns into 5 different types was taken into account (kappa 0.389 to 0.596 between methods); using home-made method, the interobserver agreement regarding pattern type was worse (kappa 0.478) than using commercial Sebia method (kappa 0.791). There was moderate agreement on the number of CSFrestricted oligoclonal IgG bands, and mostly poor agreement on the number of oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF and serum. Conclusions: Both methods were capable to detect oligoclonal IgG reliably, and neither method could be evaluated as superior to the other. However, better interobserver agreement regarding to the pattern type was obtained using commercial Sebia immunofixation method. Rather poor reproducibility of oligoclonal IgG bands numbering should be known to clinicians, since it entails the risk of potentially misleading interpretations

• Klíčová slova
• různé metody izoelektrické fokusace na agaróze,
• MeSH
• autoprotilátky analýza   krev   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• imunoblotting metody   normy   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• isoelektrická fokusace metody   normy   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkomíšní mok MeSH
• oligoklonální proužky diagnostické užití   krev   MeSH
• proteiny v mozkomíšním moku analýza   diagnostické užití   imunologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Účel práce: Pre oblasť trochanterickej oblasti proximálneho femuru existuje viacero klasifikácií. Medzi inými AO/ASIF a Evansova klasifikácia. Aby klasifikácia bola vhodná na určenie spôsobu liečby a bola presným nástrojom komunikácie medzi chirurgami musí byť spoľahlivou a reprodukovateľnou. Preto cieľom práce je porovnanie interobserver spoľahlivosti a intraobserver reprodukovateľnosti AO/ASIF a Evansovej klasifikácie. Materiál a metódy: Vstupné predoperačné a prvé pooperačné rtg snímky 39 po sebe nasledujúcich pacientov s trochantericou zlomeninou boli hod-notené podľa AO/ASIF (s/ bez delenia do podskupín) a Evansovej klasifikácie piatimi hodnotiacimi (2x skúsenými úrazovými chirurgami, 1x röntgenológom a 2 x študentami medicíny). Tá istá séria rtg snímok bola hodnotená tými istými hodnotiacimi o 3 mesiace. Výsledná zhoda bola zhodnotená váženým koeficientom kappa (?). Výsledky: Priemerná hodnota kappa pre interobserver spoľahlivosť bola 0,43 pri delení do podskupín podľa AO/ASIF (31 A1.1-A3.3), 0,51 pri hodnotení do AO/ASIF základných skupín a 0,37 pri Evansovej klasifikácii. Priemerná hodnota kappa pre intraobserver reprodukovateľnosť bola 0,50, 0,53 a 0,42. Úplná zhoda všetkých hodnotiacich bola dosiahnutá 18x (46 %) pri AO /ASIF klasifikácii do hlavných skupín v oboch sedeniach, 2x (5 %) pri klasifikácii do podskupín podľa AO/ASIF v oboch sedeniach a 5x (13 %) pri prvom a 4x (10 %) pri druhom sedení pri Evansovej klasifikácii. Diskusia a záver: Naše výsledky potvrdzujú závery iných autorov, že obe klasifikácie majú miernu až slabú inter - a intraobserver spoľahlivosť s najvyšším priemerom koeficientu kappa pre klasifikáciu AO/ASIF s rozdelením do hlavných skupín. Použitie prvých pooperačných snímok nezvýšilo priemernú hodnotu kappa v sledovanom súbore v porovnaní s inými autormi.

Purpose of the study: There are many of classification systems for grading trochanteric fractures. Of these the AO/ASIF and Evan's classification systems are widely used. To be a beneficial tool for indicating a method of treatment or permitting communication between surgeons, the classification system should be reliable and reproducible. The aim of this study was to compare the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO/ASIF and Evan's classifications. Material and Methods: Plain preoperative and the first postoperative radiographs of 39 consecutive series of patients were classified using the AO/ASIF (with and without subgroups) and Evan's classifications by five observers (2 experienced surgeons, an experienced radiologist and 2 medical students). The same radiographs were classified by the same observers three months later. Observers agreement was assessed with the weighed coefficient kappa (?). Results: The mean kappa (?) value for interobserver reliability was 0.43 with the AO/ASIF subgroups (31 A1.1-A3.3), 0.51 with the AO/ASIF main groups (31A1-A3), and 0.37 with Evan's classification. The mean ? value for intraobserver reproducibility was 0.50, 0.53 and 0.42 respectively. Perfect agreement of all observations in the first session was obtained 18 times (46%) with the AO/ASIF main groups, twice with the AO/ASIF subgroups (5%), and 5 times (13%) with Evan's classification and 18 (46%), 2 (5%) and 4 times (10%) in the second session respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: Our data confirm outcomes of other authors that both the AO/ASIF and Evan's classifications have moderate to fair inter- and intraobserver reliability with the best mean kappa values for the classification in the AO/ASIF three main groups. Using of early post-operative radiographs for classification did not increase the accuracy of classifying trochanteric fractures in comparison with other authors' outcomes.

• MeSH
• fraktury kyčle diagnóza   chirurgie   klasifikace   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• klasifikace metody   MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• radiografie klasifikace   metody   využití   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• statistika jako téma metody   normy   MeSH