INTRODUCTION: The use of signal dogs for cancer detection is not yet routinely performed,but dogs and their powerful olfactory system have proven to be a unique and valuable tool for many lineages and are beginning to be incorporated into medical practice. This method has great advantages; the dog can detect a tumour in the human body already in preclinical stages, when the patient has no symptoms yet. The identification of cancer biomarkers to enable early diagnosis is a need for many types of cancer, whose prognosis is strongly dependent on the stage of the disease. However, this method also has its various pitfalls that must be taken into account. AIM: The aim of the study was to identify and highlight the factors that affect the level of detection accuracy, but also the conditions associated with olfactometric diagnosis. METHODS: The study included 48 dogs and 48 handlers, that were part of the training between 2016 and 2023.All those who started olfactometry training and remained in training for at least one year were included in the study. The dogs ranged in age from 8 months to 12 years and were of different races and sexes. After long-term observation, a qualitative analysis was performed and factors that may play a role in the early detection of the disease were listed. RESULTS: The results of the search for the different factors have been compiled into two groups, focussing on the actual handling of the patient biological sample from collection, processing, storage until transport, preparation of the sample,and detection. Focus on the actual work and behaviour of the dog and handler. CONCLUSION: There are many factors; however, it is worth addressing them because the canine sense of smell is one of the possible uses as a diagnostic method.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The study sought to understand the experiences of working age adults with myeloma and their partner/family members, living in Czechia, Germany, and Poland. METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 36 working age adults living with myeloma, and three family members. Data were collected from May to October 2022. Thematic analysis was applied to the data. RESULTS: Healthcare and state support within each country are described. The degree of work engagement was informed by patients' symptom burden, treatment needs, state financial aid, and family/financial obligations. Many did not conceptualise their status as involving 'return to work' as they had continued to be engaged with their jobs throughout. For some, remote working enabled them to manage treatments/side-effects and their job, while avoiding infection. In some cases, patients did not tell their employer or colleagues about their illness, for fear of discrimination. CONCLUSION: While experiences varied between countries, common across accounts was a struggle to balance ongoing treatments with employment, at a time when participants were expected to finance their own households and maintain their income and roles. Implications for Cancer Survivors To improve quality of life, clinical discussions around treatment decision-making should take into account patients' attitudes/approach to work, type of work engaged in, and other activities considered important to them. European Union and national cancer plans should set out optimum standards for employers, to ensure an equitable benchmark for how employees are supported. Such approaches would improve legal protections and better enforcement of employer policies to accommodate patients' limitations in the workplace.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * psychologie   terapie   epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• zaměstnanost * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy outcomes are typically measured in terms of symptom relief. However, this method might overlook important changes from clients' perspectives when they are asked to report on them. A more client-centred approach might bring a deeper understanding of psychotherapy outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes identified by clients within qualitative psychotherapy research. METHODS: The PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE Complete databases were searched for English language studies published until Nov 11, 2023. Additional studies were identified through references in the primary studies and previous meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Search terms were related to psychotherapy and counselling, clients' or patients' experiences, psychotherapy outcomes and changes, post-treatment perspectives, and types of qualitative methods. Qualitative studies on client-identified outcomes of individual psychotherapy were included. Findings related to clients' perceptions of psychotherapy outcomes were extracted (by ML and checked by TR and LT) and analysed (by all authors) using the descriptive-interpretative meta-analytic approach. All authors have personally experienced psychotherapy as clients. This study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021277330). FINDINGS: We included 177 studies in the qualitative meta-analysis, from 24 countries, including descriptions from 2908 clients. Most of the studies were of good quality; they covered a wide range of therapeutic approaches and diagnoses. The descriptions of psychotherapy outcomes were classified into 60 meta-categories and grouped into ten clusters. These clusters related to clients' relational and social functioning; their emotional functioning; self-awareness, self-understanding, and more adaptive cognitive processing; behavioural functioning; developing their own resources; clients' attitudes towards themselves; generally embracing life; symptom and problem change; and more general wellbeing. The tenth cluster was outcomes that could not be clearly attributed to psychotherapy, which was considered outside the scope of this study. INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis showed that clients value outcome dimensions beyond symptom reduction, such as deeper self-understanding, enhanced self-agency, and greater social engagement. By examining psychotherapy outcomes across various diagnoses and therapeutic approaches, we highlight limitations in traditional outcome measures, showing the need for more comprehensive, client-centred assessment tools and the value of incorporating qualitative methods into understanding dimensions of change. FUNDING: European Union.

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy terapie   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychoterapie * metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Contemporary situation: The priority of nursing care for a newborn in the delivery room is to ensure its safety, and clinical observation and instrumental monitoring can be used for this purpose. Early education in the prenatal period allows the mother and accompanying person to be involved in the safe care of the newborn. Goal: The main goal of this research was to map the nursing care of newborns in the delivery room immediately after birth, emphasising safety and preventing sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC). Methods: A semi-structured interview with nursing staff caring for newborns in delivery rooms in selected hospitals in South Bohemia (n1 = 21) was used for the qualitative research. The staff were also trained in using the RAPPT (Respiratory, Activity, Perfusion, Position and Tone) scoring system to assess the risk of SUPC and asked about the possibility of its use in practice in delivery rooms (n2 = 12). Results: Based on data analysis, we identified some key areas: Practical procedures of nursing staff in delivery rooms in SUPC prevention, Implementation of assessment tools and monitoring in SUPC prevention, Education and involvement of mothers after childbirth in the SUPC prevention system during skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room, and Possibilities of using the RAPPT scale in newborn care in the delivery room. Conclusion: The need to assess the newborn after birth using the Apgar score to ensure bonding does not correspond to the condition of the newborn. Newborns are calmer during skin-to-skin contact, and other monitoring of the child’s safe adaptation is needed.

Goals: This research examines how foreign foster parents perceive the ethnicity of children of Romani origin that they adopt, and how this influences their family and community relationships. It focuses on transracial adoption, the child’s cultural identity, and inclusion within foster care. Particular attention is paid to how parents have implemented strategies for integrating the child into the new family and how they deal with possible prejudices from the surrounding environment. Methods: The research is based on a qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with five foreign surrogate parents living in the Czech Republic. The respondents represent diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, providing deeper insight into different approaches to transracial adoption and the child’s integration into both the family and broader society. The analysis focused on the individual experiences of the parents and their subjective perception of the ethnicity of the adopted children. Results: We found that foster parents emphasise supporting the child’s cultural identity and try to integrate this into family life. Some deliberately seek contact with the Roma community, while others face challenges associated with prejudice in their environment. Although their approach to adopting a child of another ethnic origin is conscious and responsible, concerns about discrimination and social stigma persist. We also noted differences in parents’ strategies for raising children with Roma roots, especially when maintaining their contact with the culture.

AIM: To examine the organisational (i.e., perceived organisational support and psychologically safe environment) and individual (i.e., value, belief and norm) antecedents that strengthen healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour in a developing economy. DESIGN: The study uses a cross-sectional design to gather the same data from healthcare workers within the Ashanti Region of Ghana. METHODS: The data collection happened between 15 June and 30 August 2023. A sample of 380 healthcare workers was selected from 20 facilities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A configurational approach, a fussy-set qualitative comparative analysis, was used to identify the configurations that caused high and low speaking-up behaviour among the study sample. RESULTS: The study results reveal that whereas four configurations generate high speaking-up behaviour, three configurations, by contrast, produce low speaking-up behaviour among healthcare workers. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that in so far as organisational support systems which take the form of a psychologically safe environment and perceived organisational support are vital in relaxing the hierarchical boundaries in a healthcare setting to improve healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour, the individual value-based factors that take the form of values, beliefs and norms are indispensable as it provides the healthcare workers with the necessary inner drive to regard speaking-up behaviour on patient safety and care as a moral duty. IMPACT: Healthcare workers' speaking-up behaviour is better achieved when organisational support systems complement the individual norms, values and beliefs of the individual. REPORTING METHOD: Adhered to Strengthening Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• organizační kultura * MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• zdravotnický personál * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ghana MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Dignity of patients with early-stage dementia (PwESD) is a core value of person-centered care. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention programs targeted at this population, a reliable tool that would measure dignity in PwESD is needed. Based on a qualitative analysis of how PwESD perceive and experience dignity, this study aims to determine the adequacy of the Czech version of the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI-CZ) for this patient population. METHOD: The sample from two outpatient clinics in Czechia included home-dwelling individuals aged 60 years or older with mild dementia. In the first interview (T1), there were 21 respondents; 10 of whom participated in the second interview (T2) that was conducted after 12 months. The qualitative material was analyzed using a deductive approach based on the PDI-CZ domains. RESULTS: Thematic analysis shows that the PwESD thematized all domains of the PDI-CZ in their interviews and their views of dignity were stable over time. Some experiences were not considered in the PDI-CZ (such as lowered support of the society, lowered ability to advocate for oneself, or feeling of not suitable living conditions). CONCLUSION: When developing a revised version of the tool, items that reflect missing views of dignity should be included.

• MeSH
• demence * psychologie   MeSH
• důstojnost lidského života * MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• samostatný způsob života * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• uznání * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Numerous studies have now documented that athletes of different competition levels vary in their motivational styles. Some are internally motivated and train to be better based on intrinsic values, whereas others are controlled by external pressures that drive performance. A third style does not make causal attributions regarding their performance and are amotivated. In the current study, we used latent profile analysis to examine unique typologies of sports motivation in 456 Czech university students comprised of both recreational and more elite athletes participating in various sports and attending a sport education program. Four qualitatively distinct profiles were distinguished varying in the composition of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation. The four profiles differed in their mean levels of social physique anxiety, global self-esteem, and physical self-worth, three markers of how a person feels about themselves in terms of normative standards. Multiple group comparisons based on gender, individual versus team sports, and level of competition reinforced relative consistency in profile composition. Results are discussed in terms of how people can blend different motivational styles, what this portends for self-beliefs, and whether there is relative consistency across meaningful groups.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motivace * MeSH
• představa o vlastním těle MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• sportovci * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sporty * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• univerzity statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The role of primary healthcare (PHC) during a pandemic varies across European countries. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the working practices of family medicine doctors and impacted the resilience of healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine European healthcare system responses to the pandemic, focusing on rural and urban differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study used a semi-structured online questionnaire with 68 questions, including 21 free-text comments. Data were collected from May 2020 to January 2021. Key informants from 16 European Rural and Isolated Practitioners Association (EURIPA) member countries distributed questionnaires to 406 PHC doctors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U) with a significance threshold of 0.05. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found between rural (36.4%, 55/151), semirural (19.4%, 24/124) and urban populations (29.8%, 39/131) regarding medicine shortages (χ2 = 9.91, degrees of freedom (df) = 4, p = 0.042). The semirural setting showed a statistically significant difference from the other settings (p = 0.004 in post hoc χ2 test). Significant differences were found between countries in resilience features including, effectiveness of triage, adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, government help, existence of a community resilience group, improved interprofessional collaboration, medicine shortage, and general practitioners (GPs) involvement in palliative care. CONCLUSIONS: Medicine shortage was more prevalent in rural and urban areas compared to semirural areas. Differences were observed between countries in their responses to the pandemic, particularly in adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, effectiveness of triage, government help, and the existence of a community resilience group. These differences were confirmed with qualitative analysis. The results emphasize the need for tailored approaches considering diverse contexts in shaping effective healthcare system resilience.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial crisis management interventions do not sufficiently consider visually impaired and deaf individuals. There are difficulties in accessing the available interventions, and the effectiveness of these interventions seems questionable. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities build on the premises of the inclusive participation in psychosocial intervention after disasters. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to provide recommendations for psychosocial intervention for sensory-impaired individuals after disasters and to raise awareness for professionals working in the field of psychotraumatology. METHODS: A qualitative analysis of semistructured expert interviews and focus groups with professionals in psychotraumatology and sensory-impaired individuals was conducted. This research took place within the European Network for Psychosocial Crisis Management: Assisting Disabled in Case of Disaster (EUNAD), which is funded by the European Commission. RESULTS: There is a need for specific knowledge about how to meet the needs of individuals with sensory loss in order to provide psychosocial crisis management after a disaster. This aspect is not included in the existing psychosocial interventions. CONCLUSION: The EUNAD recommendations are a start to fulfill the obligation to include sensory-impaired individuals in preparations for disaster interventions.

• MeSH
• katastrofy * MeSH
• krizová intervence * metody   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plánování postupu v případě katastrof * MeSH
• postižení * psychologie   MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• zjišťování skupinových postojů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH