volatile compounds
Dotaz
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22 s. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
- organické látky MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- environmentální vědy
- toxikologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Personal exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in the three industrial cities in the Czech Republic, Ostrava, Karvina and Havirov, while the city of Prague served as a control in a large-scale molecular epidemiological study identifying the impacts of air pollution on human health. Office workers from Ostrava and city policemen from Karvina, Havirov and Prague were monitored in the winter and summer of 2009. Only adult non-smokers participated in the study (N=160). Radiello-diffusive passive samplers were used to measure the exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, meta- plus para-xylene and ortho-xylene (BTEX). All participants completed a personal questionnaire and a time-location-activity diary (TLAD). The average personal BTEX exposure levels in both seasons were 7.2/34.3/4.4/16.1 μg/m(3), respectively. The benzene levels were highest in winter in Karvina, Ostrava and Prague: 8.5, 7.2 and 5.3 μg/m(3), respectively. The personal exposures to BTEX were higher than the corresponding stationary monitoring levels detected in the individual localities (P<0.001; except m,p-xylene in summer). The indoor environment, ETS (environmental tobacco smoke), cooking, a home-heating fireplace or gas stove, automobile use and being in a restaurant were important predictors for benzene personal exposure. Ostrava's outdoor benzene pollution was a significant factor increasing the exposure of the Ostrava study participants in winter (P<0.05).
- MeSH
- benzen škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- benzenové deriváty škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- toluen škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- xyleny škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The olfactory response of insect vectors such as phlebotomine sand flies is a key facet for investigating their interactions with vertebrate hosts and associated vector-borne pathogens. Such studies are mainly performed by assessing the electrophysiological response and the olfactory behaviour of these arthropods towards volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by hosts. Nonetheless, few studies are available for species of the subgenera Lutzomyia and Nyssomyia in South America, leaving a void for Old World sand fly species of the genus Phlebotomus. In this study, we evaluated the olfactory responses of Phlebotomus perniciosus, one of the most important vectors of Leishmania infantum in the Old World. To test the P. perniciosus behavioural response to VOCs, 28 compounds isolated from humans and dogs were assessed using electrophysiological (i.e., electroantennogram, EAG) and behavioural assays (i.e., Y-tube olfactometer). In the EAG trials, 14 compounds (i.e., acetic acid, nonanoic acid, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, pentanal, hexanal, nonanal, trans-2-nonenal, decanal, myrcene, p-cymene, verbenone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and acetonitrile) elicited high antennal responses (i.e., ≥ 0.30 mV) in female sand flies, being those VOCs selected for the behavioural assays. From the 14 compounds tested in the Y-tube olfactometer, nonanal was significantly attractive for P. perniciosus females, whereas myrcene and p-cymene were significantly repellents (p < 0.05). The attraction indexes varied from 0.53 for nonanal (i.e., most attractive) to -0.47 to p-cymene (i.e., most repellent). Overall, our results shed light on the role of olfactory cues routing host seeking behaviour in P. perniciosus, with implications to develop sustainable sand fly monitoring as well as control in leishmaniasis endemic areas.
- MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- hmyz - vektory fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- Leishmania infantum účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Phlebotomus * fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- psi MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * farmakologie chemie analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the recent progress made in noninvasive monitoring of volatile compounds in exhaled breath and above biological liquids, as they are becoming increasingly important in assessing the nutritional and clinical status and beginning to provide support to conventional clinical diagnostics and therapy. To indicate the potential of these developments in medicine and the specific areas which are currently under investigation. RECENT FINDINGS: The significance of the following breath gases and their concentrations are reported: acetone and the influence of diet; ammonia confirmed as an indicator of dialysis efficacy; hydrogen and the (13)CO(2)/(12)CO(2) ratio (following the ingestion of (13)C-labeled compounds) as related to gastric emptying and bowel transit times; hydrogen cyanide released by Pseudomonas and its detection in breath of children with cystic fibrosis; and multiple trace compounds in breath of patients with specific pathophysiological conditions and 'metabolic profiling'. SUMMARY: Advanced analytical methods, especially exploiting mass spectrometry, are moving breath analysis towards the clinical setting; some trace gas metabolites are already being exploited in diagnosis and therapy. Much effort is being given to the search for biomarkers of tumours in the body. HCN as an indicator of the presence of Pseudomonas in the airways has real potential in therapeutically alleviating the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
- MeSH
- aceton metabolismus MeSH
- amoniak metabolismus MeSH
- dechové testy metody MeSH
- dýchací soustava metabolismus MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- kyanovodík metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus MeSH
- stopové prvky metabolismus MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- vodík metabolismus MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
RATIONALE: The major objective of this exploratory study was to implement selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, as a method for the on-line quantification of the volatile organic compounds, VOCs, in the headspace of the ground roasted coffee. METHODS: The optimal precursor ions and characteristic analyte ions were selected for real-time SIFT-MS quantification of those VOCs that are the most abundant in the headspace or known to contribute to aroma. NO+ reagent ion reactions were exploited for most of the VOC analyses. VOC identifications were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/MS, coupled with solid-phase microextraction, SPME. RESULTS: Thirty-one VOCs were quantified, including several alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and some heterocyclic compounds. Variations in the concentrations of each VOC in the seven regional coffees were typically less than a factor of 2, yet concentrations patterns characteristic of the different regional coffees were revealed by heat map and principal component analyses. The coefficient of variation in the concentrations across the seven coffees was typically below 24% except for furfural, furan, methylfuran and guaiacol. CONCLUSIONS: The SIFT-MS analytical method can be used to quantify in real time the most important odoriferous VOCs in ground coffee headspace to sufficient precision to reveal some differences in concentration patterns for coffee produced in different countries.
- MeSH
- aldehydy analýza MeSH
- alkoholy analýza MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- analýza potravin metody MeSH
- Coffea chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- káva chemie MeSH
- ketony analýza MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami MeSH
- mikroextrakce na pevné fázi metody MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: Všechny dostupné metody používané v současnosti v diagnostice a monitoraci aktivity idiopatických střevních zánětů (IBD) mají omezenou senzitivitu a specificitu (RTG metody, biomarkery) nebo jsou přímo spojené s dyskomfortem či přímo se zdravotním rizikem pro pacienta (opakované endoskopie a CT vyšetření). Proto je legitimní snahou hledat nové neinvazivní diagnostické metody. Analýza koncentrace těkavých stopových metabolitů v dechu je potenciálním markerem v diagnostice IBD a monitoraci aktivity onemocnění. Hmotnostní spektrometrie v proudové trubici s vybranými ionty (SIFT-MS) je nová metoda pro kvantitativní analýzu stopových plynů zejména v lidském dechu. Metody a soubor pacientů: V naší pilotní studii bylo SIFT-MS užito pro analýzu přítomnosti těkavých biomarkerů IBD v dechu pacientů, rozdíly v jejich koncentracích byly zkoumány ve vztahu k přítomnosti IBD a aktivitě choroby. Soubor tvořilo celkem 48 IBD pacientů, 28 s ulcerózní kolitidou (UC) a 20 s Crohnovou chorobou (CD) (25 žen a 23 mužů), průměrný věk pacientů byl 30 let a délka trvání choroby 10 let. Výsledky: Významné rozdíly mezi podskupinami pacientů byly zjištěny v koncentracích pentanu, sirouhlíku, acetonu a propanolu: koncentrace pentanu byla signifikantně zvýšena u pacientů s CD (aktivní i v remisi) oproti kontrolní skupině zdravých jedinců (115 vs 61 nmol/mol; p < 0,01) stejně jako u nemocných s aktivní UC (91 vs 61 nmol/mol; p < 0,01). Koncentrace sirouhlíku byla signifikantně zvýšena u pacientů s aktivní CD (111 vs 50 nmol/mol; p < 0,01) a konečně koncentrace acetonu (1 495 vs 509 nmol/mol; p < 0,01) a propanolu byly signifikantně zvýšeny u pacientů, kteří v den měření absolvovali kolonoskopii (pravděpodobný podíl lačnění). Závěr: Na základě výsledků našeho pilotního projektu považujeme užití dechové analýzy pomocí SIFT-MS za přínosné v neinvazivní diagnostice a monitoraci aktivity IBD. Další cílené studie této problematiky jsou nutné.
Introduction: All tests currently used in clinical diagnostics and the activity monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have limited sensitivity and specificity or are directly linked to discomfort or risk to the patient (endoscopy or repeated CT tests), therefore necessitating new, non-invasive methods. The quantification of volatile metabolites in breath is a potential biomarker of IBD presence and activity. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a relatively new analytical technique for quantitative analysis of the trace gases, chiefly in human breath. Methods and subjects: In our pilot project, SIFT-MS was used for the analysis of volatile IBD biomarkers in breath. Differences in their concentrations were studied in relation to the presence of IBD and activity of the disease. The study sample was composed of 48 IBD patients, 28 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 20 with Crohn’s disease (CD). Of the 48 patients, 25 were female and 23 male. The mean age was 30 years and the mean disease duration was 10 years. Results: Significant differences between subgroups of patients were found in the concentrations of pentane, carbon disulphide, acetone and propanol. Patients with CD (both with active and quiescent disease) had significantly higher concentrations of pentane compared to the group of healthy individuals (115 vs. 61 nmol/mol; p < 0.01), as was the case for patients with active UC (91 vs. 61 nmol/mol; p < 0.01). The concentration of carbon disulphide (H2S) was significantly higher in patients with active CD (111 vs. 50 nmol/mol; p < 0.01) and concentrations of acetone (1,495 vs. 509 nmol/mol; p < 0.01) and propanol were significantly higher in the breath of patients who had undergone colonoscopy prior to breath analysis (this was likely due to a lack of nutrition). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, we consider the use of breath testing using SIFT-MS to be a beneficial non- invasive diagnostic and monitoring method for IBD activity. Further targeted studies are necessary to address this issue.
- Klíčová slova
- nespecifické střevní záněty, biomarkery, dechová analýza, hmotnostní spektrometrie v proudové trubici s vybranými ionty, SIFT-MS,
- MeSH
- aceton izolace a purifikace MeSH
- amoniak izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dechové testy metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- diagnostické techniky gastrointestinální trendy využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methan izolace a purifikace MeSH
- pentany izolace a purifikace MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- plyny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within breath for noninvasive disease detection and monitoring is an emergent research field that has the potential to reshape current clinical practice. However, adoption of breath testing has been limited by a lack of standardization. This protocol provides a comprehensive workflow for online and offline breath analysis using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Following the suggested protocol, 50 human breath samples can be analyzed and interpreted in <3 h. Key advantages of SIFT-MS are exploited, including the acquisition of real-time results and direct compound quantification without need for calibration curves. The protocol includes details of methods developed for targeted analysis of disease-specific VOCs, specifically short-chain fatty acids, aldehydes, phenols, alcohols and alkanes. A procedure to make custom breath collection bags is also described. This standardized protocol for VOC analysis using SIFT-MS is intended to provide a basis for wider application and the use of breath analysis in clinical studies.
- MeSH
- dechové testy metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- ionty MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- personální monitoring,
- MeSH
- benzen škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- policie pracovní síly MeSH
- pracovní expozice * analýza statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * aplikace a dávkování klasifikace škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
With aim to develop effective proof-of-concept approach which can be used in a development of new preparations for the inhalation therapy, we designed a new screening method for simple and rapid simultaneous determination of antibacterial potential of plant volatiles in the liquid and the vapour phase at different concentrations. In addition, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) capmat™ as vapour barrier cover was used as reliable modification of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity testing of volatiles on microtiter plates. Antibacterial activity of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, thymol and thymoquinone was determined against Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae using new broth microdilution volatilization method. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated using MTT test in lung fibroblast cells MRC-5. The most effective antibacterial agents were 8-hydroxyquinoline and thymoquinone with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2 to 128μg/mL, but they also possessed the highest toxicity in lung cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 0.86-2.95μg/mL. The lowest cytotoxicity effect was identified for eugenol with IC50 295.71μg/mL, however this compound produced only weak antibacterial potency with MICs 512-1024μg/mL. The results demonstrate validity of our novel broth microdilution volatilization method, which allows cost and labour effective high-throughput antimicrobial screening of volatile agents without need of special apparatus. In our opinion, this assay can also potentially be used for development of various medicinal, agricultural, and food applications that are based on volatile antimicrobials.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie MeSH
- benzochinony chemie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- eugenol chemie MeSH
- fytonutrienty chemie MeSH
- Haemophilus influenzae účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- monoterpeny chemie MeSH
- oxychinolin chemie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae účinky léků MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- tetrazoliové soli MeSH
- thiazoly MeSH
- thymol chemie MeSH
- volatilizace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
