Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, is considered to be a potential zoonotic pathogen and meat is one of the sources of MAP exposure for humans. MAP has been shown to be relatively resistant to different food processing methods, but there is a lack of information about the effects of ripening and fermentation processes on MAP survival in meat. Our results demonstrate that a short ripening process during teewurst production did not reduce MAP counts and viable mycobacteria were detected even during 4 weeks of storage. Although no viable MAP was recovered during the dry fermented sausage production process, there was no reduction in MAP count detected by real time PCR during production and storage of both sausages. Although the impact of foodborne exposure to viable MAP and/or mycobacterial components has not yet been clearly determined, the consumption of raw fermented meat products may be considered as a possible route of MAP transmission to humans.

• MeSH
• DNA bakterií izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami metody   MeSH
• masné výrobky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• skladování potravin MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Toxoplasma gondii is an important ubiquitous protozoan parasite, which can infect almost all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. The diagnosis of T. gondii infection is crucial for the prevention, surveillance, and control of its transmission. Here, a triplex real-time PCR assay targeting the B1 gene and 529rep element was used to determine the presence of T. gondii in feathered game (Anas platyrhynchos and Phasianus colchicus) hunted in the Czech Republic. The prevalence of T. gondii was 5.4% in wild ducks (n = 280) and 3.4% in common pheasants (n = 350). Additionally, genotyping of 28 T. gondii-positive samples revealed the presence of archetypal genotypes II and III as well as non-archetypal genotypes combining both type II and III alleles. Our results suggest that consumption of feathered game could pose a risk of T. gondii transmission to humans in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Galliformes parazitologie   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kachny parazitologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci ptáků parazitologie   MeSH
• protozoální DNA genetika   MeSH
• Toxoplasma genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxoplazmóza zvířat epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

A three-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of leonardite and lignite, natural sources of humic substances, on selected indicators of health status of weaned piglets. A total of 45 weaned piglets were assigned to three dietary treatments: Control - basal diet without any medication; Leonardite or Lignite - diet supplemented with lignite or leonardite at a dose of 20 g/kg, respectively. Leonardite differed from lignite in the content of humic substances and minerals. Diarrhoea incidence and severity, growth performance, haematological and biochemical status, biomarkers of oxidative stress, serum fatty acid (FA) profile and faecal microbiota composition were monitored. Significantly lower faecal score, diarrhoea incidence, serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, higher body weight gain and no mortality were observed in leonardite and lignite group. The supplemented groups had or tended to have higher haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocyte counts, iron, cholesterol and lower urea in blood. Increased serum minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) were detected in the leonardite group. Different effects of leonardite and lignite on serum FA profile were detected. Significantly lower proportion of saturated FA, higher unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated (PUFA) n-3 FA and PUFA n6/n3 ratio were detected in leonardite group compared to lignite group. Both treatments decreased microbial diversity and richness of faecal microbiota at the genus level. Specifically, lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Anaerovibrio, Oscillospira, SMB53, Ruminococcus, and a tendency to a higher abundance of Prevotella was found compared to control group. Natural humic materials may provide benefit to piglets' heath in the difficult post-weaning period.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
• minerály farmakologie   MeSH
• odstavení * MeSH
• pohoda zvířat * MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• prasata * MeSH
• uhlí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Toxoplasmosis is a major public health issue, due to the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, mainly in pork. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of T. gondii in pigs and wild boars bred in different production systems in the Czech Republic using ELISA and qPCR methods. Our results show that T. gondii infection is widespread in pigs and wild boars bred and slaughtered in the Czech Republic and that there is a higher exposure to T. gondii in backyard slaughter operations and organic pig farming, indicating a potential risk for meat consumption. Additionally, genotyping of amplified loci for Type II suggests the presence of one clonal genotype circulating in these animals.

• MeSH
• bezpečnost potravin MeSH
• červené maso parazitologie   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• nemoci prasat epidemiologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protilátky protozoální MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• Sus scrofa parazitologie   MeSH
• Toxoplasma klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• toxoplazmóza zvířat epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Naklíčená semena jsou potraviny bohaté na vitaminy, minerální látky, bílkoviny, enzymy a další pro tělo prospěšné látky. Z tohoto důvodu se v posledních letech zvýšil jak prodej, tak i domácí příprava naklíčených semen. Při procesu klíčení však nastávají ideální podmínky pro růst patogenních i nepatogenních mikroorganizmů a konzumace naklíčených semen může představovat zvýšené riziko alimentárních onemocnění. Výrobci i dozorové orgány proto dbají na preventivní opatření proti jejich kontaminaci a zároveň semena i již naklíčená semena před distribucí ke spotřebiteli testují na přítomnost patogenních mikroorganizmů. Legislativně jsou stanovena kritéria pro Listeria monocytogenes a Salmonella spp.

Sprouted seeds are rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, enzymes and other beneficial substances for the body. For this reason, increasing sales and home production of these sprouts are recorded. However, the process of germination represents ideal conditions for the growth of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, any contamination with pathogenic microorganisms at the beginning or during the production poses a risk of foodborne infection. Manufacturers and supervisory authorities follow measures to prevent contamination and the seeds and sprouts are tested for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The production of sprouts has legislatively defined food safety criteria for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.

• MeSH
• jedlá semena * MeSH
• klíčení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Human yersiniosis caused by pathogenic Yersinia spp. is one of the most common reported zoonoses in the European Union and pigs are considered as the major reservoir of these bacteria. Serological testing represents a suitable method to obtain information about the prevalence of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in food animals. The prevalence of antibodies against enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. was studied in 319 slaughtered pigs and 135 wild boars from different production systems in the Moravian region (Czech Republic) using a commercially available ELISA test (an apparent prevalence). The seroprevalence was significantly associated with the type of breeding system, with the lowest seroprevalence being observed in household-raised pigs (13/29, 44.8%). No significant difference between the prevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in conventional (146/180, 81.1%) and organic pigs (92/110, 83.6%) was found. Antibodies were found in 65.9% (89/135) of wild boars without a significant difference between adult (23/41, 56.1%) and young (66/94, 70.2%) animals. Seropositivity was significantly higher in domestic (251/319, 78.7% in total) compared to feral pigs. A Bayesian approach taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test was used to estimate the true prevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in pigs and wild boars. According to our results, domestic pigs and wild boars proved to be an important reservoir of enteropathogenic Yersinia in the Czech Republic. Attention should be paid to good hygienic practice during slaughtering and handling of meat to prevent meat contamination and subsequently human infection.

• MeSH
• divoká zvířata MeSH
• infekce yersiniemi epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• jatka MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci prasat epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• prasata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• Yersinia izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• zdroje nemoci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Meat and meat products may be the source of various pathogenic and potentially pathogenic agents for humans. We ascertained the occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, and hepatitis E virus in retail raw meat products. The DNA of at least one of the target M. avium subspecies was detected in 26 (29.2%) of 89 analyzed samples of meat products. Fourteen (15.7%), 1 (1.1%), and 17 (19.1%) samples contained the DNA of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, respectively. The number of mycobacterial cells per gram of meat products determined by real-time quantitative PCR ranged from 1.15 × 10(2) to 6.97 × 10(3). Mycobacterium chitae and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum were isolated from three (3.4%) samples. Culture examination was not positive for any M. avium subspecies. Hepatitis E virus RNA was not detected in any of the samples.

• MeSH
• bezpečnost potravin MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   genetika   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• masné výrobky mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virus hepatitidy E genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Bacteria patogenita   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami MeSH
• ovoce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• paraziti patogenita   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• viry patogenita   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zelenina mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• kontaminace potravin * prevence a kontrola   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci přenášené potravou epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• obaly potravin * metody   MeSH
• průmyslově zpracované potraviny mikrobiologie   normy   zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• skladování potravin metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potentially pathogenic agents commonly found in natural ecosystems, while food is considered to be another source of NTM for humans. We investigated a total of 92 tissue samples of freshwater fish and fish products: fish directly obtained from ponds (n=25), retail fresh (n=23) and frozen fish (n=23) and smoked fish products (n=21). Culture examination for the presence of mycobacteria was positive in 11 (11.9%) from all the examined samples. The 15 obtained isolates were identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum (n=5), M. immunogenum (n=2), M. phocaicum/ mucogenicum (n=1), M. neoaurum (n=2), M. peregrinum (n=2), M. porcinum (n=1) and M. senegalense/houstonense/conceptionense (n=2). NTM DNA was found in one (4.0%) sample of fresh fish from ponds and in 60.9% and 91.3% of retail fresh and frozen fish, respectively. None of the smoked fish products contained NTM DNA. The results of our study suggest that freshwater fish and fish products, especially retail frozen fish, might be a reservoir of NTM for humans, and proper handling and treatment before consumption of such products is recommended.

• MeSH
• DNA analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• mražené potraviny analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium fortuitum klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Mycobacterium klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• mykobakteriózy mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potraviny konzervované analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• zdroje nemoci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH