BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy outcomes are typically measured in terms of symptom relief. However, this method might overlook important changes from clients' perspectives when they are asked to report on them. A more client-centred approach might bring a deeper understanding of psychotherapy outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes identified by clients within qualitative psychotherapy research. METHODS: The PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE Complete databases were searched for English language studies published until Nov 11, 2023. Additional studies were identified through references in the primary studies and previous meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Search terms were related to psychotherapy and counselling, clients' or patients' experiences, psychotherapy outcomes and changes, post-treatment perspectives, and types of qualitative methods. Qualitative studies on client-identified outcomes of individual psychotherapy were included. Findings related to clients' perceptions of psychotherapy outcomes were extracted (by ML and checked by TR and LT) and analysed (by all authors) using the descriptive-interpretative meta-analytic approach. All authors have personally experienced psychotherapy as clients. This study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021277330). FINDINGS: We included 177 studies in the qualitative meta-analysis, from 24 countries, including descriptions from 2908 clients. Most of the studies were of good quality; they covered a wide range of therapeutic approaches and diagnoses. The descriptions of psychotherapy outcomes were classified into 60 meta-categories and grouped into ten clusters. These clusters related to clients' relational and social functioning; their emotional functioning; self-awareness, self-understanding, and more adaptive cognitive processing; behavioural functioning; developing their own resources; clients' attitudes towards themselves; generally embracing life; symptom and problem change; and more general wellbeing. The tenth cluster was outcomes that could not be clearly attributed to psychotherapy, which was considered outside the scope of this study. INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis showed that clients value outcome dimensions beyond symptom reduction, such as deeper self-understanding, enhanced self-agency, and greater social engagement. By examining psychotherapy outcomes across various diagnoses and therapeutic approaches, we highlight limitations in traditional outcome measures, showing the need for more comprehensive, client-centred assessment tools and the value of incorporating qualitative methods into understanding dimensions of change. FUNDING: European Union.

• MeSH
• Mental Disorders therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Qualitative Research MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Psychotherapy * methods   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Původní psychologie jsou psychologie, které se vyvinuly v druhé polovině 20. století jako reakce na dominanci západní psychologie. Tento text přináší přehled některých pojmů filipínské původní psychologie (Sikolohiyang Pilipino), jak jsou prezentovány v anglicky psaných dílech filipínských autorů. Filipínská psychologie vyvinula mnoho původních pojmů, jako jsou kapwa, pakikiramdam, utang-na-loób a hiya, stejně jako několik původních výzkumných metod, jako jsou pakapa-kapa nebo pagtatanong-tanong. Koncepty filipínské psychologie jsou často nějakým způsobem spojeny se sociálními procesy a vztahy mezi lidmi, takže tuto disciplínu lze považovat za filipínskou sociální psychologii. Její metody jsou podobné západním metodám, ale filipínská psychologie trvá na metodologické suverenitě, aby se zbavila kolonialismu. Filipínské psychologické koncepty jsou příkladem sociální psychologie jako vědecké disciplíny závislé na kontextu. Pokud bychom je zařadili do sociálně psychologických disciplín, většina filipínských konceptů by patřila ke studiu sociálních vztahů, pakikiramdam by se dalo zařadit do sociální kognice a utang-na-loób do studia postojů. Pro české čtenáře je filipínská psychologie klíčovým příkladem toho, jak dekolonizovat psychologický výzkum.

Indigenous psychologies are psychologies that developed during the second half of the 20th century as a reaction to Western psychology's domination. This text reviews some concepts of Filipino indigenous psychology (Sikolohiyang Pilipino) as they are presented in English-written works of Filipino authors. Filipino psychology developed many indigenous concepts, like kapwa, pakikiramdam, utang-na-loób, and hiya, as well as several indigenous research methods, like pakapa-kapa or pagtatanong-tanong. Concepts of Filipino psychology are often somehow related to social processes and relationships among people, so the discipline could be considered Filipino social psychology. Its methods are similar to Western methods, but Filipino psychology insists on methodological sovereignty to relieve themself from colonialism. It is argued that Filipino psychology concepts are an example of social psychology taken as a scientific discipline, dependent on the context. If categorized into social psychological disciplines, most Filipino concepts belong to the study of social relationships, pakikiramdam could be categorized as social cognition, and utang-na-loób as belonging to attitude studies. For Czech readers, Filipino psychology is a key example of how to decolonize psychological research.

Publikace se zaměřuje na sociálně podmíněný stres a úzkost u dospívajících dívek a na techniky jeho zvládání. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.; Dnešní dospívající dívky čelí nezvladatelnému stresu, studijnímu tlaku, nárokům sociálních médií, vrstevníků i rodiny a obavám o svou budoucnost a duševní zdraví. Hluboká sonda do jejich duše od renomované psycholožky Lisy Damour je zaměřená na zvládání této míry stresu, tlaku na výkon a společenských požadavků, která vede k úzkostem u dívek více než u chlapců. Nabízí rodičům, pedagogům a odborníkům cenné nástroje, jak podpořit dívky v náročných obdobích jejich života od základní až po vysokou školu a pomoci jim vybudovat zdravý vztah k výkonům a osobnímu úspěchu. Přináší praktické rady a uklidňující přehled možností, jak stres omezit i jak může být tlak prospěšný, pokud jej správně přijmeme. S vědeckými podklady, praktickými radami a uklidňujícím tónem se stává neocenitelným průvodcem pro všechny, kdo se starají o pohodu mladých žen v dnešní hektické společnosti. Kniha byla přeložena do 20 jazyků a je vysoce ceněna odborníky i rodiči.

• MeSH
• Coping Skills MeSH
• Gender Role MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Stress, Psychological MeSH
• Sexism MeSH
• Sexual Harassment MeSH
• Anxiety * MeSH
• Women MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH
• Popular Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Psychologie
• NML Fields
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• sociologie

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction etiology   physiopathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging * MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Multiple Sclerosis * complications   diagnostic imaging   physiopathology   MeSH
• Processing Speed MeSH
• Fatigue * physiopathology   etiology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na negativní emoce, stres a sebepoškozování u dětí a dospívajících a na copingové strategie. Určeno široké veřejnosti, konkrétně rodičům.; Kniha je cenným průvodcem pro každého rodiče, který se snaží porozumět svému dítěti či dospívajícímu a podpořit ho při zvládání sebepoškozování. Autorka citlivě rozplétá složitou síť emocí a psychologických potřeb, jež mohou vést k sebepoškozujícímu chování. Publikace nabízí nejen přehled teoretických poznatků o příčinách a spouštěčích sebepoškozování, ale především praktické rady, jak s dětmi o tématu mluvit, jak je podpořit a jak tyto náročné situace zvládat. Prostřednictvím konkrétních příběhů a případových studií přináší naději i praktické nástroje, které mohou pomoci vrátit se ke zdravému vývoji a duševní rovnováze. Když bolest volá o pomoc je nepostradatelným zdrojem informací a podpory pro rodiče, kteří chtějí budovat vztah založený na důvěře, empatii a porozumění.

• MeSH
• Coping Skills MeSH
• Child Psychiatry MeSH
• Psychology, Child MeSH
• Emotions MeSH
• Interpersonal Relations MeSH
• Adolescent Psychiatry MeSH
• Resilience, Psychological * MeSH
• Stress, Psychological MeSH
• Psychology, Adolescent MeSH
• Parents MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Self Mutilation MeSH
• Mindfulness MeSH
• Publication type
• Popular Work MeSH
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Psychiatrie
• NML Fields
• psychiatrie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

Accelerated epigenetic aging has been associated with changes in cognition. However, due to the lack of neuroimaging epigenetics studies, it is still unclear whether accelerated epigenetic. Aging in young adulthood might underlie the relationship between altered brain dynamics and cognitive functioning. We conducted neuroimaging epigenetics follow-up of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) prenatal birth cohort in young adulthood and tested the possible mediatory role of accelerated epigenetic aging in the relationship between dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) and worse cognition. A total of 240 young adults (51% men; 28-30 years, all of European ancestry) participated in the neuroimaging epigenetics follow-up. Buccal swabs were collected to assess DNA methylation and calculate epigenetic aging using Horvath's epigenetic clock. Full-scale IQ was assessed using the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was acquired using a 3T Siemens Prisma MRI scanner, and DFC was assessed using mixture factor analysis, revealing information about the coverage of different DFC states. In women (but not men), lower coverage of DFC state 4 and thus lower frequency of epochs with high connectivity within the default mode network and between default mode, fronto-parietal, and visual networks was associated with lower full-scale IQ (AdjR2 = 0.05, std. beta = 0.245, p = 0.008). This relationship was mediated by accelerated epigenetic aging (ab = 7.660, SE = 4.829, 95% CI [0.473, 19.264]). In women, accelerated epigenetic aging in young adulthood mediates the relationship between altered brain dynamics and cognitive functioning. Prevention of cognitive decline should target women already in young adulthood.

• MeSH
• Default Mode Network * diagnostic imaging   physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Epigenesis, Genetic * physiology   MeSH
• Intelligence * physiology   MeSH
• Cognition * physiology   MeSH
• Connectome * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• DNA Methylation MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Brain * diagnostic imaging   physiology   MeSH
• Nerve Net * diagnostic imaging   physiology   MeSH
• Aging * physiology   genetics   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Aim: The aim of this article is to investigate and describe the coping strategies of elderly widows. Theoretical base: The grieving process is well described in the literature. However, in real life, it is always necessary to respect the uniqueness of the process for each individual. Most previous studies have focused on difficulties of the bereaved and their risk of dying. More recently, the strengths of the bereaved and how they develop have also been emphasised. A dual-proces model of coping with bereavement was used. It is based on loss-oriented and restoration-oriented strategies and the oscillation between them. In the Czech context, there is a lack of research based on this dual-process model describing coping strategies after the loss of a loved one. Methods: The paper presents the results of ethically demanding research using semi-structured interviews with 15 elderly widows. The authors based the model on a questionnaire survey using a qualitative methodology because of the aspiration to describe the strategies of individual women in detail. Results: The output is a description of coping strategies, categorized into loss- and recovery-oriented approaches, used by elderly women to navigate the period following their partner's death. Conclusion: Describing how the women interviewed have coped with their challenging life situation could inspire not only other elderly women but also their relatives and aid workers who come into contact with this target group.

• MeSH
• Adaptation, Psychological MeSH
• Coping Skills * methods   MeSH
• Qualitative Research MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Spouses psychology   MeSH
• Interviews as Topic MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Death MeSH
• Widowhood psychology   MeSH
• Grief MeSH
• Self Report MeSH
• Bereavement * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Poruchy autistického spektra jsou pervazivní vývojové poruchy. Ovlivněny jsou tak v podstatě všechny složky vývoje již od raného věku. Rodiče si všímají odlišností ze- jména v sociální oblasti, děti často nesdílejí pozornost, nekomunikují a nesdělují svoje potřeby a přání. Již ve věku 18 měsíců se dělá screening M-CHAT-R, který může zachytit nápadnosti ve vývoji (možné neurovývojové poruchy) a pediatr může rodiče směřovat k odborníkům – klinickým psychologům zaměřujícím se na práci s dětmi s PAS (poruchou autistického spektra), pedopsychiatrovi, dětskému neurologovi či specializovanému klinickému logopedovi. V tomto článku vám představíme kazuistiku s diferenciální diagnostikou odlišující PAS od dalších vývojových poruch (zejména vývojové dysfázie) a zaměřenou na stanovení stupně symptomů v kontextu poruch autistického spektra. Je to jedna z typických diferenciálních diagnostik, které na Soukromé klinice LOGO, s.r.o. děláme.

Autism Spectrum Disorders are pervasive developmental disorders. This means that they influence almost all areas of early development. Parents can see differences mainly in the social area. Children with ASD do not share activities, do not communicate their needs and wishes. At the age of 18 months, parents fill in the M-CHAT-R screening, which is sensitive to possible neurodevelopmental problems. A paediatrician can send the child to specialists in ASD diagnosis - clinical psychologist, child psychiatrist, neurologist and clinical speech therapist. In this article, we introduce you to a case study with differential diagnoses, showing the differences between Autism Spectrum Disorders and other developmental diseases (especially specific developmental disorders of speech and language). The focus is on the determination of the autistic symptoms level. This is one of the typical differential diagnoses we carry out at LOGO Clinic.

• MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis   MeSH
• Communication Disorders diagnosis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Autism Spectrum Disorder * diagnosis   psychology   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Psychological Tests MeSH
• Stereotyped Behavior MeSH
• Language Development Disorders diagnosis   MeSH
• Developmental Disabilities diagnosis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na psychickou odolnost a možnosti zvládání stresu. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Publikace představuje moderní pohled na odolnost vůči stresu, tedy psychickou a fyzickou resilienci, která nám umožňuje pružně reagovat na náročné životní situace. Neustále postupující neurovědní výzkum přináší cenné a podnětné poznatky, které pomáhají naše klinické pozorování a zkušenost zakotvit v širším biologickém a teoretickém rámci. Autorka na jejich základě ukazuje, jak pomocí systematického tréninku posilovat flexibilitu myšlení, emocí i chování. Praktické návody a osvědčené postupy pomáhají nejen vyvažovat každodenní zátěž, ale také čelit traumatickým událostem s odvahou a sebevědomím. Budování resilience s sebou přináší i otázky týkající se výchovy, vzdělávání, kultury mezilidského spolubytí, politiky nebo životních hodnot a spirituality. Kniha nabízí inspiraci ke zvyšování životní spokojenosti a posílení duševního i tělesného zdraví nejen odborníkům v oblasti psychiatrie, psychologie či psychoterapie, ale i studentům těchto oborů.

• MeSH
• Coping Skills MeSH
• Mental Health MeSH
• Neurobiology MeSH
• Resilience, Psychological MeSH
• Stress, Psychological prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Healthy Lifestyle MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Psychologie
• NML Fields
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

The perception of a voice in the absence of an external auditory source-an auditory verbal hallucination-is a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia. To better understand this phenomenon requires integration of findings across behavioural, functional, and neurochemical levels. We address this with a locally adapted MEGA-PRESS sequence incorporating interleaved unsuppressed water acquisitions, allowing concurrent assessment of behaviour, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional changes, Glutamate + Glutamine (Glx), and GABA, synchronised with a cognitive (flanker) task. We acquired data from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 51 patients with psychosis (predominantly schizophrenia spectrum disorder) and hallucinations, matched to healthy controls. Consistent with the notion of an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, we hypothesized differential effects for Glx and GABA between groups, and aberrant dynamics in response to task. Results showed impaired task performance, lower baseline Glx and positive association between Glx and BOLD in patients, contrasting a negative correlation in healthy controls. Task-related increases in Glx were observed in both groups, with no significant difference between groups. No significant effects were observed for GABA. These findings suggest that a putative excitatory/inhibitory imbalance affecting inhibitory control in the ACC is primarily observed as tonic, baseline glutamate differences, rather than GABAergic effects or aberrant dynamics in relation to a task.

• MeSH
• Gyrus Cinguli metabolism   physiopathology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• gamma-Aminobutyric Acid * metabolism   MeSH
• Glutamine metabolism   MeSH
• Hallucinations * metabolism   physiopathology   MeSH
• Cognition * physiology   MeSH
• Glutamic Acid * metabolism   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Psychotic Disorders * metabolism   physiopathology   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH