A tubular microdialysis probe is made from polysulfone hollow fibre for human haemodialysis, which has an inner diameter of 200 μm and a thickness of 20 μm. Milk is deposited to the outer surface of the hollow fibre and allowed to dry to form a dry sample. The tubular probe is then connected to the syringe pump and microdialysis of the dry sample into 0.5 mol/L HCl as acceptor is performed. 2.5 μL of microdialysate is obtained and analyzed for inorganic cations by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Baseline separation of NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Li+ is achieved in 5.5 mol/L acetic acid as background electrolyte using a fused silica capillary with inner diameter of 25 μm and length of 31.5 cm. The reproducibility of dry sample microdialysis including CE analysis for peak area ranges from 2.4 to 3.9 % after normalization to Li+ as internal standard.

• MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární * přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• kationty * analýza   MeSH
• mikrodialýza * přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• mléko * chemie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Background/Objectives: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) presents a significant clinical burden. The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSSTM) is a widely used clinical screening tool designed to raise awareness of CMA among healthcare professionals. This qualitative study aimed to assess the need for a parent-reported CoMiSSTM tool (Pre-CoMiSSTM) and explore its potential usefulness for parents and primary care physicians (PCPs). Methods: Participants were parents of infants aged 2-12 months and PCPs from Germany, Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK) selected from a local panel of potential respondents. Interviews, conducted by experienced qualitative research moderators, consisted of pre-decided standardised questions. Thematic analysis was undertaken, and themes were derived from the data. Results: A total of 26 parent interviews and 18 primary care physician interviews were conducted. Parents from all countries found the Pre-CoMiSSTM tool helpful for understanding their baby's signs, easy to use, and useful for facilitating consultation with the physician. Physicians in the UK, Spain, and Sweden found that the Pre-CoMiSSTM tool was helpful for improving symptom reporting and for medical consultations; however, in Germany, physicians had mixed opinions, expressing concerns that the tool might increase parental anxiety, lead to overdiagnosis of CMA, and add to their workload. Conclusions: A parent-specific tool for recording cow's milk-related symptoms was generally well received by parents and most physicians, though concerns about parental anxiety and workload were noted, particularly in Germany. With further validation and refinement, Pre-CoMiSSTM may be a useful tool for parents to record their infant's symptoms related to feeding and support PCPs in considering CMA in these infants.

• MeSH
• alergie na mléko * diagnóza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lékaři primární péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Španělsko MeSH
• Spojené království MeSH
• Švédsko MeSH

Agriculture is at the pivot point between anthroposphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. Innovative solutions are needed to reduce agricultural emissions and improve sustainability. Microalgae animal feed could be such a solution. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 10 freshwater microalgae: Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Chlamydomonas pulvinate, Chlorella luteoviridis, Chlorella variabilis, Euglena mutabilis, Parachlorella kessleri, Stichococcus bacillaris, Tetradesmus acuminatus, Tetradesmus obliquus, and Tetraselmis gracilis, on ruminal methane (CH4) production, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation using the in vitro Hohenheim gas test. The microalgae were cultured in a carbon dioxide (CO2) incubator at 2% CO2, at the optimal conditions for each strain. The highest producers were P. kessleri and T. obliquus, with a biomass concentration of 0.69 and 0.73 g/L·d, respectively. Their PUFA contents ranged from 33.2% to 69.1% of total fatty acids. Microalgae were tested at a 15% replacement in a control basal diet of 40.0% DM grass silage, 40.0% maize silage, 15% hay, and 5% concentrate. Data were analyzed using a mixed model in R. Ruminal CH4 production was reduced by 15.4%, 17.4%, and 16.4% in diets containing A. protothecoides, C. luteoviridis, and P. kessleri, respectively, compared with the control diet. Similarly, these diets reduced in vitro organic matter digestibility by 3.5%, 5.2%, and 5.4%, respectively. However, only A. protothecoides reduced CH4/CO2 ratio by 3.5% compared with the control diet. Propionate molar proportion was decreased by 2.4, 3.0, 2.5, and 2.5 percentage points for diets containing Ch. pulvinate, E. mutabilis, P. kessleri, and T. obliquus, respectively. Marginal effects of dietary variables were analyzed using the generalized additive model framework, revealing a negative relationship between dietary PUFA, sulfur content, and CH4 production, and a negative relationship between dietary PUFA and CH4/CO2 ratio. Incorporating high-PUFA microalgae in ruminant diets shows potential for reducing enteric CH4 emissions, warranting further investigation.

• MeSH
• bachor * metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta veterinární   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
• methan * metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrořasy * metabolismus   MeSH
• siláž MeSH
• skot MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• trávení MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by Brucella, which poses a great threat to human health and animal husbandry. Pathogen surveillance is an important measure to prevent brucellosis, but the traditional method is time-consuming and not suitable for field applications. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification-SYBR Green I (RPAS) assay was developed for the rapid and visualized detection of Brucella in the field by targeting BCSP31 gene, a conserved marker. The method was highly specific without any cross-reactivity with other common bacteria and its detection limit was 2.14 × 104 CFU/mL or g of Brucella at 40 °C for 20 min. It obviates the need for costly instrumentation and exhibits robustness towards background interference in serum, meat, and milk samples. In summary, the RPAS assay is a rapid, visually intuitive, and user-friendly detection that is highly suitable for use in resource-limited settings. Its simplicity and ease of use enable swift on-site detection of Brucella, thereby facilitating timely implementation of preventive measures.

• MeSH
• Brucella * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• brucelóza * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rekombinasy * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• skot MeSH
• techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin * metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is an awareness tool for evaluating cow's milk-related symptoms. Previous studies have focused on providing CoMiSS values for healthy and symptomatic infants aged 0-6 months. However, there is a notable gap in the literature concerning CoMiSS values for infants older than 6 months. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine CoMiSS values in presumed healthy infants who have completed 6 months and are up to 12 months old, hereafter referred to as 6 to 12 months old. Physicians from six European countries prospectively determined CoMiSS values in infants attending well-child clinics. Exclusion criteria included preterm delivery, acute or chronic disease, and the consumption of a therapeutic formula, dietary supplements (except vitamins), or medication. The following information was collected: gestational age, gender, age, type of feed (breast milk or infant formula), and complementary feeding. Descriptive statistics were summarized with mean and standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables, median and IQR for non-normally distributed variables, and differences in CoMiSS values were analyzed with appropriate tests. Data from 609 infants were obtained. The overall median (Q1-Q3) CoMiSS values were 3 (1-5). Significant differences were found across age groups (p < 0.001), but not across groups based on gender (p = 0.551) or feeding type (p = 0.880). Conclusions: This study provided CoMiSS values in presumed healthy infants aged 6-12 months. Additional studies should be conducted to establish the use of CoMiSS to assess cow's milk-related symptoms in infants 6 months and older. What is Known: • The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is an awareness tool for evaluating symptoms related to cow's milk. • CoMiSS values for presumed healthy infants aged 0-6 months infants are already available. What is New: • CoMiSS values in European infants aged 6-12 months are provided. • These CoMiSS values differed across various age groups but not across groups based on gender or feeding type.

• MeSH
• alergeny MeSH
• alergie na mléko * diagnóza   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko MeSH
• mléko * MeSH
• náhražky mateřského mléka MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Protein cross-linking has assumed an irreplaceable role in structural proteomics. Recently, significant efforts have been made to develop novel mass spectrometry (MS)-cleavable reagents. At present, only water-insoluble MS-cleavable cross-linkers are commercially available. However, to comprehensively analyse the various chemical and structural motifs making up proteins, it is necessary to target different protein sites with varying degrees of hydrophilicity. Here we introduce the new MS-cleavable cross-linker disulfodisuccinimidyl dibutyric urea (DSSBU), which we have developed in-house for this purpose. DSSBU contains an N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) reactive group, so it can serve as a water-soluble counterpart to the widely used cross-linker disuccinimidyl dibutyric urea (DSBU). To investigate the applicability of DSSBU, we compared the efficacy of four similar cross-linkers: bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate (BS3), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), DSBU and DSSBU with bovine serum albumin. In addition, we compared the efficacy of DSBU and DSSBU with human haemoglobin. Our results demonstrate that the sulfo-NHS group ensures the superior water solubility of DSSBU and thus negates the need for organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide while preserving the effectivity of urea-based MS-cleavable crosslinkers such as DSBU. Additionally, it makes it possible to target polar regions in proteins. The data gathered are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD055284. SIGNIFICANCE: We have synthesized the novel protein cross-linker DSSBU, which combines sulfo-NHS ester chemistry with a mass spectrometry-cleavable urea group. This makes DSSBU a water-soluble, MS-cleavable cross-linker that reacts with amino groups. To our knowledge, it is the first cross-linker which combines all three of these characteristics. We have tested the performance of our novel cross-linker on bovine serum albumin, a model widely used by the cross-linking mass spectrometry community, and on human haemoglobin. We have comprehensively assessed the performance of DSSBU and compared its efficacy with that of three other cross-linkers in current use (BS3, DSS and DSBU). We conclude that our novel cross-linker surpasses its MS-non-cleavable analogue BS3 in performance and that its water solubility eliminates the need for organic solvents while its hydrophilicity allows for the targetting of polar regions in proteins. Therefore, it will likely become a significant addition to the portfolio of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester cross-linkers.

• MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močovina chemie   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• reagencia zkříženě vázaná * chemie   MeSH
• sérový albumin hovězí chemie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• sukcinimidy * chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

UNLABELLED: Infection control measures to prevent viral and bacterial infection spread are critical to maintaining a healthy environment. Pathogens such as viruses and pyogenic bacteria can cause infectious complications. Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are known to spread through the aerosol route and on fomite surfaces, lasting for a prolonged time in the environment. Developing technologies to mitigate the spread of pathogens through airborne routes and on surfaces is critical, especially for patients at high risk for infectious complications. Multifunctional coatings with a broad capacity to bind pathogens that result in inactivation can disrupt infectious spread through aerosol and inanimate surface spread. This study uses C-POLAR, a proprietary cationic, polyamine, organic polymer with a charged, dielectric property coated onto air filtration material and textiles. Using both SARS-CoV-2 live viral particles and bovine coronavirus models, C-POLAR-treated material shows a dramatic 2-log reduction in circulating viral inoculum. This reduction is consistent in a static room model, indicating simple airflow through a static C-POLAR hanging can capture significant airborne particles. Finally, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are applied to C-POLAR textiles using a viability indicator to demonstrate eradication on fomite surfaces. These data suggest that a cationic polymer surface can capture and eradicate human pathogens, potentially interrupting the infectious spread for a more resilient environment. IMPORTANCE: Infection control is critical for maintaining a healthy home, work, and hospital environment. We test a cationic polymer capable of capturing and eradicating viral and bacterial pathogens by applying the polymer to the air filtration material and textiles. The data suggest that the simple addition of cationic material can result in the improvement of an infectious resilient environment against viral and bacterial pathogens.

• MeSH
• aerosoly MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Coronavirus bovis účinky léků   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• fomity mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• kationty * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymery * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * účinky léků   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• textilie mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mammalian spermatozoa have a surface covered with glycocalyx, consisting of heterogeneous glycoproteins and glycolipids. This complexity arises from diverse monosaccharides, distinct linkages, various isomeric glycans, branching levels, and saccharide sequences. The glycocalyx is synthesized by spermatozoa developing in the testis, and its subsequent alterations during their transit through the epididymis are a critical process for the sperm acquisition of fertilizing ability. In this study, we performed detailed analysis of the glycocalyx on the sperm surface of bull spermatozoa in relation to individual parts of the epididymis using a wide range (24) of lectins with specific carbohydrate binding preferences. Fluorescence analysis of intact sperm isolated from the bull epididymides was complemented by Western blot detection of protein extracts from the sperm plasma membrane fractions. Our experimental results revealed predominant sequential modification of bull sperm glycans with N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), followed by subsequent sialylation and fucosylation in a highly specific manner. Additionally, variations in the lectin detection on the sperm surface may indicate the acquisition or release of glycans or glycoproteins. Our study is the first to provide a complex analysis of the bull sperm glycocalyx modification during epididymal maturation.

• MeSH
• epididymis * metabolismus   cytologie   MeSH
• glykokalyx * metabolismus   MeSH
• glykoproteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lektiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• polysacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• spermie * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• Alphainfluenzavirus * patogenita   MeSH
• dezinfekce metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• dezinficiencia klasifikace   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ptačí chřipka u ptáků * epidemiologie   etiologie   přenos   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Though new targeted therapies for colorectal cancer, which progresses from local intestinal tumors to metastatic disease, are being developed, tumor specificity remains an important problem, and side effects a major concern. Here, we show that the protein-fatty acid complex BAMLET (bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) can act as a peroral treatment for colorectal cancer. ApcMin/+ mice, which carry mutations relevant to hereditary and sporadic human colorectal cancer, that received BAMLET in the drinking water showed long-term protection against tumor development and decreased expression of tumor growth-, migration-, metastasis- and angiogenesis-related genes. BAMLET treatment via drinking water inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and PD-1 signaling pathways and prolonged survival without evidence of toxicity. Systemic disease in the lungs, livers, spleens, and kidneys, which accompanied tumor progression, was inhibited by BAMLET treatment. The metabolic response to BAMLET included carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were inhibited in tumor prone ApcMin/+ mice and weakly regulated in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting potential health benefits of peroral BAMLET administration in addition to the potent antitumor effects. Together, these findings suggest that BAMLET administration in the drinking water maintains antitumor pressure by removing emergent cancer cells and reprogramming gene expression in intestinal and extra-intestinal tissues.

• MeSH
• beta-katenin MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pitná voda * MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH