BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prehabilitation combines exercise, nutritional, and psychological interventions administered before surgery to improve patient outcomes. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis examined the feasibility, adherence, and effectiveness of prehabilitation in frail, high-risk individuals undergoing major abdominal surgery. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases to identify relevant studies evaluating prehabilitation programs published between 2010 and 2023, either as observational studies or randomized clinical trials (RCTs). RESULTS: The 23 articles (13 RCTs and 10 observational studies) included 1849 older male and female patients aged 68.7 ± 7.2 years. Nineteen of the included studies reported on adherence to prehabilitation programmes, which was generally good (>75%) over different models, settings, and durations. Factors such as patients' desire for expedited surgery, self-assessment of fitness, personal and professional obligations, health issues, holidays, and advancement of surgery dates negatively affected adherence to prehabilitation programmes. When compared with rehabilitation or standard pre- and post-surgical care, prehabilitation was associated with a 25%, albeit not statistically significant reduction in postoperative complications, according to data from 14 studies reporting on postoperative complications (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.17, P = 0.43; I2 = 65%). Prehabilitation has been found to improve the 6-min walk test significantly by 29.4 m (MD +29.4 m, 95% CI 5.6 to 53.3, P = 0.02; I2 = 39%), compared with rehabilitation or standard pre- and post-surgical care. CONCLUSION: Prehabilitation was acceptable to patients, with good adherence, and improved physical function.
- MeSH
- adherence pacienta * MeSH
- břicho chirurgie MeSH
- fyzioterapie v předoperační přípravě * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předoperační péče metody MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
V článku jsou prezentovány kazuistiky dvou pacientů, kteří byli přijati do Fakultní nemocnice v Plzni s náhlou příhodou břišní na podkladě rozvinuté poruchy pasáže gastrointestinálním traktem (GIT). Oba nemocní byli indikováni k operačnímu výkonu, při němž u nich byl peroperačně diagnostikován raritně se vyskytující volvulus céka (CV). Nálezy vyžadovaly provedení ileocékání resekce, ale díky časně poskytnuté chirurgické intervenci došlo i přes nutnost provedení resekčního výkonu u obou jedinců k plnému zotavení.
In this article, we present case reports of two patients admitted to the University Hospital in Pilsen for acute abdomen due to a disorder of the passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Both were indicated for surgery. The patients were diagnosed intraoperatively with rarely occurring cecal volvulus (CV). The findings required an ileocecal resection; nevertheless, both patients fully recovered despite the need the resection.
- MeSH
- akutní bolest břicha * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- břicho chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- břišní dutina chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- cékum chirurgie patologie MeSH
- chirurgie trávicího traktu metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- ileus chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- kolon chirurgie patologie MeSH
- laparotomie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- volvulus intestini * chirurgie diagnóza etiologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Glycemia management in critical care is posing a challenge in frequent measuring and adequate insulin dose adjustment. In recent years, continuous glucose measurement has gained accuracy and reliability in outpatient and inpatient settings. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in ICU patients after major abdominal surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included patients undergoing pancreatic surgery and solid organ transplantation (liver, pancreas, islets of Langerhans, kidney) requiring an ICU stay after surgery. We used a Dexcom G6 sensor, placed in the infraclavicular region, for real-time CGM. Arterial blood glucose measured by the amperometric principle (ABL 800; Radiometer, Copenhagen, Denmark) served as a reference value and for calibration. Blood glucose was also routinely monitored by a StatStrip bedside glucose meter. Sensor accuracy was assessed by mean absolute relative difference (MARD), bias, modified Bland-Altman plot, and surveillance error grid for paired samples of glucose values from CGM and acid-base analyzer (ABL). RESULTS: We analyzed data from 61 patients and obtained 1,546 paired glucose values from CGM and ABL. Active sensor use was 95.1%. MARD was 9.4%, relative bias was 1.4%, and 92.8% of values fell in zone A, 6.1% fell in zone B, and 1.2% fell in zone C of the surveillance error grid. Median time in range was 78%, with minimum (<1%) time spent in hypoglycemia. StatStrip glucose meter MARD compared with ABL was 5.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows clinically applicable accuracy and reliability of Dexcom G6 CGM in postoperative ICU patients and a feasible alternative sensor placement site.
- MeSH
- břicho chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kontinuální monitorování glukózy MeSH
- krevní glukóza * analýza MeSH
- kritický stav * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie proveditelnosti MeSH
- transplantace orgánů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Prehabilitation comprises multidisciplinary preoperative interventions including exercise, nutritional optimisation and psychological preparation aimed at improving surgical outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes in frail and high-risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. METHODS: Embase, Medline, CINAHAL and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2023 for randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating unimodal (exercise) or multimodal prehabilitation programmes. Meta-analysis was limited to length of stay (primary end point), severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification ≥ Grade 3) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The analysis was performed using RevMan v5.4 software. RESULTS: Sixteen studies (6 RCTs, 10 observational) reporting on 3339 patients (1468 prehabilitation group, 1871 control group) were included. The median (interquartile range) age was 74.0 (71.0-78.4) years. Multimodal prehabilitation was applied in fifteen studies and unimodal in one. Meta-analysis of nine studies showed a reduction in hospital length of stay (weighted mean difference -1.07 days, 95 % CI -1.60 to -0.53 days, P < 0.0001, I2 = 19 %). Ten studies addressed severe complications and a meta-analysis suggested a decline in occurrence by up to 44 % (odds ratio 0.56, 95 % CI 0.37 to 0.82, P < 0.004, I2 = 51 %). Four studies provided data on preoperative 6MWT. The pooled weighted mean difference was 40.1 m (95 % CI 32.7 to 47.6 m, P < 0.00001, I2 = 24 %), favouring prehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Given the significant impact on shortening length of stay and reducing severe complications, prehabilitation should be encouraged in frail, older and high-risk adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
BACKGROUND: Blood loss during major abdominal surgery is an essential parameter in the evaluation of strategies aimed at reducing perioperative bleeding. However, blood loss quantification remains unreliable and inaccurate. The aim of this study was to compare several methods of blood loss quantification-visual estimation by surgeon and anesthesiologist, the gravimetric method, the calculation method with spectrophotometric measurement. The spectrophotometric measurement is considered as the most accurate method. METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective observational cohort single-center study. We analyzed 61 patients who underwent elective liver or pancreatic resection. The anesthesiologists' and surgeons' estimate of blood loss was based on a visual assessment. The gravimetric method was based on weighing the suction canister and surgical drapes before and after use. The basis of calculation method was anthropometric and hematological parameters, we used López-Picado's formula. The spectrophotometric method was based on the spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin mass in the lost blood. We compared the methods using paired t-test, non-parametric Wilcoxon test and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Visual estimation by surgeons and anesthesiologists, gravimetric measurement, and calculation method were significantly different from spectrophotometric measurement at the significance level α = 0.05. All methods overestimated blood loss which was measured by spectrophotometric method. The estimate by surgeons was the closest to the spectrophotometric measurement, difference 68.7 ml (95% confidence interval [CI]: -129.3--8.2). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the estimate of blood loss by surgeons and anesthesiologists, as well as gravimetric method and calculation method are all significantly inaccurate in real surgical setting. We did not confirm the commonly accepted assumption that surgeons underestimate the blood loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered under the title " Blood Loss Quantification During Major Abdominal Surgery" at ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number NCT05316649. Date of the first registration was 20/3/2022.
- MeSH
- břicho chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgové * MeSH
- krvácení při operaci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poporodní krvácení * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
Jessenius
2. doplněné vydání 365 stran : ilustrace (převážně barevné) ; 27 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na chirurgii jater, žlučníku, žlučových cest a slinivky břišní. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- břicho chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgie žlučových cest MeSH
- nemoci jater chirurgie MeSH
- nemoci slinivky břišní chirurgie MeSH
- nemoci žlučníku chirurgie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- chirurgie
- gastroenterologie
- hepatologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
Správně diagnostikovat akutní břicho u morbidně obézního pacienta je mnohdy velmi komplikováno velkým množstvím podkožní tukové tkáně, které brání vyšetření břicha. Mladá pacientka s extrémní obezitou, s BMI 88 kg/m2, bez dalších významných komorbidit, měla difuzní bolesti celého břicha a výraznou elevaci zánětlivých markerů. Prostý snímek břicha a ultrasonografie nebyly pro extrémní obezitu výtěžné. CT vyšetření nebylo možné pro extrémní obezitu provést. Příčinou břišní katastrofy byla sterkorální peritonitida při perforaci gangrenózního kolon a terminálního ilea v multilokulární objemné ventrální herniaci. Pacientka s multiorgánovým selháním v pooperačním období podstoupila 16 chirurgických revizí. Po 66 dnech péče byla předána k rekonvalescenci a rehabilitaci na standardní oddělení. Břišní katastrofa u extrémně obézních i přes omezené diagnostické možnosti vyžaduje včasnou chirurgickou intervenci a speciální perioperační i pooperační péči. I přes veškerou možnou terapii je spojena s vysokou úmrtností. Cílem tohoto sdělení je popsat případ extrémně obézní pacientky s břišní katastrofou a diskutovat o specificích terapie těchto vysoce rizikových pacientů.
he correct diagnosis of acute abdomen in a morbidly obese patient is often complicated by the large amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue that hinders the abdominal examination. A young female patient with extreme obesity, with a BMI of 88 kg/m2 and no other significant comorbidities, presented with diffuse abdominal pain and marked elevation of inflammatory markers. A plain abdominal radiograph and ultrasonography were not conclusive for the extreme obesity. For the same reason it was impossible to perform a CT scan. The cause of the abdomi- nal catastrophe was stercoral peritonitis due to the perforation of gangrenous colon and terminal ileum in a multilocular large ventral hernia. The patient underwent 16 surgical revisions and the postoperative period was complicated by a multiorgan failure. After 66 days of intensive care, she was transferred to a standard ward for recovery and rehabilitation. Abdominal catastrophe in the extremely obese patients, despite limited diagnostic possibilities, requires early surgical intervention and special perioperative and postoperative care. Despite all available therapies, it is associated with high mortality. The aim of this case report is to describe the case of an extremely obese patient with abdominal catastrophe and to discuss specific therapies for these high-risk patients.
- Klíčová slova
- břišní katastrofa, abdominální katastrofa,
- MeSH
- břicho chirurgie patologie MeSH
- břišní stěna chirurgie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- chirurgie trávicího traktu metody MeSH
- ileostomie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidní obezita MeSH
- peritonitida * chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are used for volume therapy to treat hypovolemia due to acute blood loss and to maintain hemodynamic stability. This study was requested by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to provide more evidence on the long-term safety and efficacy of HES solutions in the perioperative setting. METHODS: PHOENICS is a randomized, controlled, double-blind, multi-center, multinational phase IV (IIIb) study with two parallel groups to investigate non-inferiority regarding the safety of a 6% HES 130 solution (Volulyte 6%, Fresenius Kabi, Germany) compared with a crystalloid solution (Ionolyte, Fresenius Kabi, Germany) for infusion in patients with acute blood loss during elective abdominal surgery. A total of 2280 eligible patients (male and female patients willing to participate, with expected blood loss ≥ 500 ml, aged > 40 and ≤ 85 years, and ASA Physical status II-III) are randomly assigned to receive either HES or crystalloid solution for the treatment of hypovolemia due to surgery-induced acute blood loss in hospitals in up to 11 European countries. The dosing of investigational products (IP) is individualized to patients' volume needs and guided by a volume algorithm. Patients are treated with IP for maximally 24 h or until the maximum daily dose of 30 ml/kg body weight is reached. The primary endpoint is the treatment group mean difference in the change from the pre-operative baseline value in cystatin-C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), to the eGFR value calculated from the highest cystatin-C level measured during post-operative days 1-3. Further safety and efficacy parameters include, e.g., combined mortality/major post-operative complications until day 90, renal function, coagulation, inflammation, hemodynamic variables, hospital length of stay, major post-operative complications, and 28-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality. DISCUSSION: The study will provide important information on the long-term safety and efficacy of HES 130/0.4 when administered according to the approved European product information. The results will be relevant for volume therapy of surgical patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT 2016-002162-30 . ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03278548.
- MeSH
- břicho * chirurgie MeSH
- deriváty hydroxyethylového škrobu * škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- elektrolyty MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
- náhražky plazmy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- protokol klinické studie MeSH
Pacientem byl pes, samec, kříženec, sedmiletý. Po dobu asi tří měsíců trpěl zažívacími potížemi, převážně vomitem. Sonografické vyšetření abdomenu prokázalo extrémně dilatovaný žaludek, z 90 % naplněný tekutinou. Při laparotomii byl ve střední části duodena patrný útvar velikosti meruňky s adhezí omenta, který způsobil strikturu střeva. Provedli jsme marginální resekci střeva. Rekonvalescence po operaci proběhla poměrně rychle a ještě za 7,5 měsíce po operaci byl pes ve velmi dobré tělesné kondici. Za 312 dní po operaci byl však utracen vzhledem k tomu, že asi týden před eutanazií se jeho zdravotní stav rapidně zhoršil. Přestal přijímat potravu, často zvracel a byl apatický. Vzhledem k tomu, že zvíře bylo utraceno na jiném pracovišti, nebylo provedeno postmortální vyšetření.V resekovaném střevě jsme histologicky diagnostikovali mucinózní cystadenokarcinom duodena. Z imunohistochemického průkazu cytokeratinů považujeme za zajímavé zjištění, že pozitivita cytokeratinu AE1/AE3 byla střední v enterocytech, epitelie krypt byly převážně slabě pozitivní, ale nádorové epitelie byly silně pozitivní.
The patient was a dog, male, a crossbreed, aged 7 years. He suffered from digestive problems, mostly vomiting, for about three months. Sonographic examination of the abdomen showed an extremely dilated stomach, 90 % filled with fluid. During the lapa-rotomy, an apricot-sized formation with omental adhesion was visible in the middle part of the duodenum, which caused intestinal stricture. We performed a marginal resection of the intestine. After the surgical procedure, the convalescence took place relatively quickly and even 7.5 months after the surgical procedure the dog was in very good physical condition. However, 312 days after the surgery, he was euthanized due to the fact that about a week before euthanasia, his health state deteriorated rapidly. He stopped eating, often vomited and he was apathetic. Due to the fact that the animal was killed at another veterinary facility, no post-mortal examination was performed.Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was histologically diagnosed in the resected part of the duodenum. From the immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratins, we consider finding that positivity of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 was moderate in the enterocytes, epithelial cells in crypts were mostly weakly positive, but tumor epithelium was strongly positive to be interesting.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom * diagnóza klasifikace patologie veterinární MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- břicho chirurgie patologie MeSH
- duodenum patologie MeSH
- eutanazie u zvířat MeSH
- histologické techniky veterinární MeSH
- imunohistochemie veterinární MeSH
- keratiny klasifikace MeSH
- laparotomie metody veterinární MeSH
- mucinózní cystadenokarcinom diagnóza patologie veterinární MeSH
- muciny MeSH
- nádory duodena * diagnóza patologie veterinární MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ultrasonografie veterinární MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvracení etiologie veterinární MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Předkládáme kazuistiku stoleté polymorbidní pacientky s rozvíjející se poruchou pasáže, u které byla snaha tento stav řešit konzervativně. Pro progredující klinický stav byla doplněna výpočetní tomografie břicha s nálezem biliárního ileu a nemocná byla indikována k operační revizi. Pacientka navzdory kalendářnímu věku operaci i pooperační průběh zvládla velice dobře a v době přípravy tohoto článku se těší na svůj věk dobrému zdraví.
We present a case of a 100-year-old polymorbid patient with signs of bowel obstruction. After failure of conservative therapy computed tomography was performed, which revealed the course of the obstruction to be a gallstone in the terminal ileum. The gallstone was removed surgically without complications and the patient recovered well and had an uneventful postoperative course.
- MeSH
- akutní bolest břicha chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- břicho chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- chirurgie trávicího traktu metody MeSH
- ileus * chirurgie diagnóza MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody MeSH
- křehký senior MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH