• Keywords
• European Federation of Nurses Associations,
• MeSH
• Societies, Nursing MeSH
• Nurses, International MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

• MeSH
• Professional Competence MeSH
• Nurse Specialists MeSH
• Legislation as Topic MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

Pancreatic cancer (PC), particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a significant global health issue with high mortality rates. PDAC, though only 3 % of cancer diagnoses, causes 7 % of cancer deaths due to its severity and asymptomatic early stages. Risk factors include lifestyle choices, environmental exposures, and genetic predispositions. Conditions like new-onset type 2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis also contribute significantly. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD), and obesity. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption increase PC risk, while NAFPD and obesity, particularly central adiposity, contribute through chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Refined sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are also linked to increased PC risk, especially among younger individuals. Hormonal treatments and medications like statins, aspirin, and metformin have mixed results on PC risk, with some showing protective effects. The gut microbiome influences PC through the gut-pancreas axis, with disruptions leading to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Exposure to toxic substances, including heavy metals and chemicals, is associated with increased PC risk. Glycome changes, such as abnormal glycosylation patterns, are significant in PDAC development and offer potential for early diagnosis. Interactions between environmental and genetic factors are crucial in PDAC susceptibility. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to PDAC, but gene-environment interactions remain largely unexplored. Future research should focus on polygenic risk scores (PRS) and large-scale studies to better understand these interactions and their impact on PDAC risk.

• MeSH
• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal * etiology   epidemiology   pathology   MeSH
• Exposome * MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pancreatic Neoplasms * etiology   epidemiology   pathology   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Environmental Exposure * adverse effects   MeSH
• Life Style * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for vertebrate development, growth, and metabolism. The increasing prevalence of anthropogenic chemicals with TH-disrupting potential highlights the urgent need for advanced methods to assess their impact on TH homeostasis. Inhibition of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) has been identified as a key molecular initiating event disrupting the TH system across species, with significant relevance for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in various carcinomas. This study presents in vitro bioassays for evaluating the effects of compounds on iodide uptake into cells, a critical step in TH production mediated by NIS. Two novel stably transfected human cell lines overexpressing human NIS were employed along with a rat thyroid cell model FRTL-5, using colorimetric Sandell-Kolthoff (SK) reaction for iodide detection. The results from 23 model compounds demonstrate comparability across various in vitro models and radioactivity-based assays. To enhance physiological relevance, an external biotransformation system (BTS) was integrated and optimized for live-cell compatibility without inducing cytotoxicity or interfering with the assay. Compounds identified as NIS inhibitors were evaluated using the BTS-augmented assay, which revealed that metabolic activity mitigated the inhibitory effects of some chemicals. The augmented assay exhibited strong concordance with in vivo and in silico biotransformation data. Protein sequence alignment confirmed high conservation of NIS functional domains across vertebrates, reinforcing the cross-species applicability of the findings. The SK-based NIS assay, with optional BTS integration, represents a sensitive, robust, and high-throughput amendable alternative to radioactivity-based methods, for characterizing the impacts of individual compounds and complex environmental mixtures on TH homeostasis.

• MeSH
• Biological Assay methods   MeSH
• Biotransformation MeSH
• Cell Line MeSH
• Endocrine Disruptors * toxicity   MeSH
• Thyroid Hormones metabolism   MeSH
• Iodides * metabolism   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Thyroid Gland metabolism   drug effects   cytology   MeSH
• Symporters * antagonists & inhibitors   metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most debilitating form of dementia, characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ)-related toxic mechanisms such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The development of AD is influenced by environmental factors linked to lifestyle, including physical and mental inactivity, diet, and smoking, all of which have been associated with the severity of the disease and Aβ-related pathology. In this study, we used differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and C6 glioma cells to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of daidzein, a naturally occurring isoflavone, in the context of Aβ oligomer-related toxicity. We observed that pre-treatment with daidzein prevented Aβ-induced cell viability loss, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential decline in both SH-SY5Y and C6 cells. Furthermore, daidzein application reduced elevated levels of MAPK pathway proteins, pro-inflammatory molecules (cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1β), and pyroptosis markers, including caspase-1 and gasdermin D, all of which were increased by Aβ exposure. These findings strongly suggest that daidzein alleviates inflammation and toxicity caused by Aβ oligomers. Our results indicate that daidzein could be a potential therapeutic agent for AD and other Aβ-related neurodegenerative diseases.

• MeSH
• Amyloid beta-Peptides * toxicity   MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents * pharmacology   MeSH
• Glioma * pathology   metabolism   drug therapy   MeSH
• Isoflavones * pharmacology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects   MeSH
• Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
• Neuroblastoma * pathology   metabolism   drug therapy   MeSH
• Neuroprotective Agents * pharmacology   MeSH
• Oxidative Stress drug effects   MeSH
• Pyroptosis drug effects   MeSH
• Cell Survival drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: The potential cross-protective effect of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is debated. Although immunological studies suggest cross-reactivity between MMR-induced immunity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive. This study examined the association between an additional MMR dose and both COVID-19 clinical and serological outcomes in an adult cohort with verified pre-pandemic measles immunity. METHODS: In 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 3027 healthcare workers from a Czech university hospital underwent measles serology testing. Seronegative individuals were offered a single additional MMR dose. Between 2020 and 2021, 261 individuals from the original sample subsequently contracted COVID-19 and underwent post-infection SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology testing, having remained unvaccinated against COVID-19 until that time. RESULTS: Among 212 women and 49 men (mean age: 42.7 years), 150 were measles-seropositive (without additional vaccination) and 111 were measles-seronegative but received an additional MMR dose. Following COVID-19, 216 participants (82.8 %) exhibited SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity. No significant relationship was observed between measles immunity or MMR vaccine administration and COVID-19 clinical characteristics. However, individuals who received an additional MMR dose were significantly more likely to develop SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity (88.3 % vs. 78.7 %; p = 0.042). Regression analysis confirmed additional MMR vaccination as an independent predictor of post-COVID-19 seropositivity (odds ratio 1.81, 95 % confidence interval 1.17-2.81, p = 0.008), irrespective of the interval between MMR vaccination and COVID-19 symptom onset. No correlation was found between pre-pandemic measles antibody titers and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (r = 0.09, p = 0.246). CONCLUSION: While no protective effect of adult MMR vaccination on COVID-19 clinical outcomes was observed, a significant immunological interaction was identified. These findings align with the concept of trained immunity and warrant further investigation.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * immunology   prevention & control   epidemiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Immunoglobulin G blood   immunology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mumps prevention & control   MeSH
• Antibodies, Viral blood   immunology   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 immunology   MeSH
• Immunization, Secondary * MeSH
• Measles prevention & control   immunology   MeSH
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine * immunology   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Rubella prevention & control   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Breast milk is crucial for infant health, offering essential nutrients and immune protection. However, despite increasing exposure risks from nanoparticles (NPs), their potential infiltration into human breast milk remains poorly understood. This study provides a comprehensive chemical profile of NPs in human breast milk, analyzing their elemental composition, surface charge, hydrodynamic size, and crystallinity. NPs were detected in 42 out of 53 milk samples, with concentrations reaching up to 1.12 × 1011 particles/mL. These particles comprised nine elements, with O, Si, Fe, Cu, and Al being the most frequently detected across all samples. We establish a mechanistic axis for NP infiltration, involving penetration of the intestine/air-blood barriers, circulation in blood vessels, crossing the blood-milk barrier via transcytosis or immune cell-mediated transfer, and eventual accumulation in milk. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that smaller, neutral-charged NPs exhibit stronger infiltration capacity, offering potential for regulating NP behavior at biological barriers through engineering design. This study provides the chemical profiles of NPs in human breast milk and uncovers their infiltration pathways.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Milk, Human * chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Nanoparticles * chemistry   analysis   MeSH
• Particle Size MeSH
• Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of overweight and obesity at the start of anti-TNF therapy on treatment response and relapse rate in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 22 IBD centers in 14 countries. Children diagnosed with IBD in whom antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) was introduced were included; those who were overweight/obese were compared with children who were well/undernourished. RESULTS: Six hundred thirty-seven children (370 [58%] males; mean age 11.5 ± 3.5 years) were included; 140 (22%) were in the overweight/obese group (OG) and 497 (78%) had BMI ≤1 SD (CG). The mean follow-up time was 141 ± 78 weeks (median 117 weeks). There was no difference in the loss of response (LOR) to anti-TNF between groups throughout the follow-up. However, children in OG had more dose escalations than controls. Male sex and lack of concomitant immunomodulators at the start of anti-TNF were risk factors associated with the LOR. There was no difference in the relapse rate in the first year after anti-TNF introduction; however, at the end of the follow-up, the relapse rate was significantly higher in the OG compared with CG (89 [64%] vs 218 [44%], respectively, P < .001). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that being overweight/obese, having UC, or being of male sex were factors associated with a higher risk for relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight/obese children with IBD were not at a higher risk of LOR to anti-TNF. Relapse in the first year after anti-TNF was introduced, but risk for relapse was increased at the end of follow-up.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases * drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Infliximab therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Overweight * complications   MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Obesity * complications   MeSH
• Recurrence MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha * antagonists & inhibitors   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH

Cílem této studie je zjistit, jaká je vývojová tendence u vybraných somatických faktorů elitních hráčů a elitních hráček tenisu v období let 2003-2023. Výzkumný soubor tvořili hráči a hráčky, kteří se umístili v Top 20 žebříčku ATP a WTA. Analyzovali jsme tělesnou výšku u hráčů a hráček ATP a WTA i hmotnost a BMI u hráčů ATP. Výsledky ukázaly, že v období 2003–2023 došlo k nárůstu průměrné tělesné výšky mužů o 5 cm, přičemž výška tenistek vzrostla jen mírně. U mužů se zároveň neprojevil trend nárůstu tělesné hmotnosti, která v posledních letech klesla. U indexu tělesné hmotnosti (BMI) byl pozorován pokles, což naznačuje, že moderní hráči jsou spíše štíhlejší a pohyblivější. Studie přináší poznatky o vývoji tělesných parametrů nejlepších hráčů tenisu, které ovlivňují jejich výkonnost. Získaná data by mohla být užitečná pro praxi ve vrcholovém tenise a mohla by se uplatnit i při výběru mladých tenisových talentů.

The aim of this study is to investigate the developmental trends of selected somatic factors in elite male and female tennis players over the period from 2003 to 2023. The research sample consisted of players who were ranked in the Top 20 of the ATP and WTA rankings, and the analysis focused on body height, weight, and BMI. The results showed that between 2003 and 2023, the mean body height of male players increased by 5 cm, while the height of female players rose only slightly. In men, no trend of increasing body weight was observed, and in recent years, weight has even decreased. A decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) was also observed, suggesting that modern players tend to be leaner and more mobile. This study provides insights into the development of physical characteristics in the best tennis players, which influence their performance. The data obtained could be useful in professional tennis practice and may also be applied in the selection of young tennis talents.

• MeSH
• Data Analysis MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Somatotypes MeSH
• Athletes statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Athletic Performance physiology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Body Height * MeSH
• Tennis * physiology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH

Buteykova metoda je známá díky technikám vědomé kontroly dechu, které se zaměřují na zlep- šení funkce dýchacího systému. Cílem této studie bylo zhodnotit vliv Buteykovy metody na kli- dovou spirometrii u aktivní populace. Účastníci studie byli studenti Jihočeské univerzity (n = 22, věk = 23,23 ± 2,39 let; hmotnost = 73,23 ± 12,33 kg; výška = 174,72 ± 9,76 cm), kteří byli náhodně rozděleni do intervenční (n = 11) a kontrolní (n = 11) skupiny. Intervenční skupina podstoupila šestitýdenní program dechových cvičení založený na Buteykově metodě, který zahrnoval redukované dýchání a zádrže dechu při chůzi. Kontrolní skupina neprováděla žádná dechová cvičení. Před a po intervenci byly u všech účastníků naměřeny hodnoty FVC, FEV1 a FEV1/FVC pomocí spirometrie. Výsledky ukázaly mírný pokles FVC v intervenční skupině o 3,33 % z 5,29 ± 0,98 l na 5,10 ± 0,99 l, bez statistické či věcné významnosti (p = 0,85; ηp2 = 0,0009). Změny hodnoty FEV1 v intervenční skupině byly minimální (z 4,35 ± 0,87 l·s−1 na 4,32 ± 0,74 l·s−1), stejně jako u kontrolní skupiny (z 4,19 ± 0,76 l·s−1 na 4,20 ± 0,74 l·s−1), bez věcné i statistické významnosti (p = 0,93; ηp2 = 0,0001). Parametr FEV1/FVC se v obou skupinách mírně zvýšil, přičemž tento vzestup nebyl statisticky vý- znamný (p = 0,73; ηp2 = 0,002). Z výsledků vyplývá, že šestitýdenní intervence Buteykovy metody neměla významný dopad na změny spirometrických parametrů u aktivní populace.

Buteyko method is well-known for its techniques of conscious breath control, which focus on improving respiratory system function. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Buteyko method on resting spirometry in an active population. Participants in the study were students of the University of South Bohemia (n = 22, age = 23.23 ± 2.39 years; weight = 73.23 ± 12.33 kg; height = 174.72 ± 9.76 cm), who were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 11) or control (n = 11) group. The intervention group underwent a six-week breathing exercise program based on the Buteyko method, which included reduced breathing and breath-holding during walking. The control group did not perform any breathing exercises. Spirometric values, including FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC, were measured before and after the intervention for all participants. The results showed a slight decrease in FVC in the intervention group by 3.33 % from 5.29 ± 0.98 l to 5.10 ± 0.99 l, with no statistical or practical significance (p = 0,85; ηp2 = 0,0009). Changes in FEV1 in the intervention group were minimal (from 4.35 ± 0.87 l.s-1 to 4.32 ± 0.74 l.s-1), as were those in the control group (from 4.19 ± 0.76 l.s-1 to 4.20 ± 0.74 l.s-1), with no practical or statistical significance (p = 0,93; ηp2 = 0,0001). The FEV1/FVC ratio slightly increased in both groups, but this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0,73; ηp2 = 0,002). The results suggest that the six-week Buteyko method intervention did not have a significant impact on changes in spirometric parameters in an active population.

• Keywords
• Buteykova metoda,
• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pulmonary Ventilation physiology   MeSH
• Respiratory Function Tests methods   MeSH
• Spirometry * methods   MeSH
• Healthy Volunteers MeSH
• Healthy Lifestyle * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH