INTRODUCTION: Current trends in the addiction field reflect a significant emphasis on the workforce development and education. There are already some data about university-based addiction studies programs, but not much from Australasia. METHODS: The aim is to provide an overview and describe the academic programs for addiction professionals in Australia and Aotearoa NZ. The research was conducted in 2017 and updated in 2023. Firstly, university websites were searched using pre-defined keywords, followed by a content analysis of the identified programs. The data were analysed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: We found 21 universities in Australia (13) and Aotearoa NZ (8) where 46 single programs are provided. There are three bachelor programs, nine masters, and the majority of degrees include (post)graduate certificates and diplomas. No doctorate programs are identified. The taught courses provide comprehensive coverage of the addiction field topics. Twelve programs state clearly that there is clinical practice/internship included. Application to most programs requires completion of a relevant degree and in some cases possible clinical experience. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to educational options in other regions, we observe a trend towards preparing university graduates for the workforce, thereby expanding the range of programs at lower levels. Most programs possibly represent clinically oriented education primarily specialising in addictions, and graduate programs in addictions for professionals with other disciplinary bases. Great emphasis is given to the quality standards of education, and also to relationship between education and labour market. Findings help opening opportunities to collaborate globally.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Behavior, Addictive epidemiology   MeSH
• Substance-Related Disorders * epidemiology   MeSH
• Universities MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Australia MeSH
• New Zealand MeSH

BACKGROUND: Early life socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse experiences may lead to overeating, which is in turn associated with increased body mass index (BMI). However, recent evidence indicated that the association between childhood BMI and overeating might be bidirectional. This bidirectionality prompts the need for further investigation of early life predictors of BMI in childhood. OBJECTIVES: To longitudinally assess the directionality of the association between childhood BMI and perceived overeating and to investigate their antecedent early life predictors. METHODS: The sample included data from 5151 children from the ELSPAC study, collected between 18 months and 11 years of child age. The outcomes were child BMI and mother-reported overeating, assessed at the age of 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. Predictors included maternal BMI, maternal education, single parenthood, financial difficulties and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reported by parents and paediatricians. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model was applied. RESULTS: The mean child's BMI at age 3 was 15.59 kg/m2 and increased to 17.86 kg/m2 at age 11. The percentage of parent-reported overeating increased in the following period, from about 12% at age 3 to 17% at age 11. The results showed temporal stability in perceived overeating and BMI, with a bidirectional relationship strengthening over time. The child's BMI was associated with maternal BMI. Maternal BMI was positively associated with child-perceived overeating, but a stronger effect was found for ACEs. ACEs mediated the impact of maternal education, financial difficulties and single parenthood on overeating. CONCLUSIONS: We observed stable bidirectional associations between BMI and perceived overeating. The results indicated two main pathways: one linked to maternal BMI and early childhood BMI increase followed by perceived overeating and the second associated with ACEs mediating the effect of early childhood social factors on perceived overeating, leading to gradual BMI gain.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Hyperphagia * psychology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Body Mass Index * MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Mothers psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Adverse Childhood Experiences * statistics & numerical data   psychology   MeSH
• Pediatric Obesity * epidemiology   psychology   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Abúzus návykových látek je u pacientů se schizofrenií zhruba 3× častější oproti obecné populaci. Jedná se o vzájemně komplikující vztah s řadou nepříznivých důsledků včetně zhoršené adherence a častějších relapsů. Nejužší vztah k onemocnění schizofrenií má kanabis. Farmakoterapie duální poruchy (DD) je v centru pozornosti také proto, že užívání silných antagonistů D2 receptoru může situaci ještě zhoršovat, jak naznačují preklinická i klinická pozorování. Doporučené postupy nejsou v případě DD jednoznačné: uvádějí atypická antipsychotika, klozapin nebo parciální agonisty. Nově se ukazuje významná role D3 receptoru, který má jinou funkci i distribuci než D2 receptor a je zapojen v patofyziologii schizofrenie i abúzu nebo závislosti. Z antipsychotik má silnou afinitu k D3 receptoru parciální agonista kariprazin; prokázal antiadiktivní efekt v animálních studiích, v humánní studii redukoval aktivaci v okruhu odměny a v první observační studii u pacientů se schizofrenií významně snížil abúzus kanabisu. Výsledky ukazují na možný vývoj farmakoterapie duální poruchy, potřebné jsou však další kontrolované studie.

Substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia is approximately 3times more prevalent compared to general population. The relationship is mutually complicating and it has number of adverse consequences including worsening adherence and increased number of relapses. Among the abused substances cannabis has most intimate relationship to schizophrenia. Pharmacotherapy of dual disorder (DD) is in the spotlight also because the use of strong D2 receptor antagonists can even worsen the situation as both preclinical and clinical observations suggest. Guidelines for treatment of DD are not clear-cut generally; atypical antipsychotics, clozapine or partial agonists are recommended. Recently the significant role of D3 receptor has emerged. It has different function and distribution compared to D2 receptor and it is involved both in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and of substance use disorders. Within the group of antipsychotics, the partial agonist cariprazine has strong affinity to D3 receptor. Its anti-addictive effect has been proven in animal studies. In human studies, it reduced activation in reward circuitry and in the first observational study in patients with schizophrenia it reduced cannabis use significantly. The results show possible development of pharmacotherapy of dual disorder, however, further controlled studies are needed.

This report presents a fatal case of a young female Type I diabetic patient who developed convulsions and loss of consciousness after taking methamphetamine and spending some time in a dance club. During the convulsions, she was given sugar and when no response occurred, her boyfriend who was not experienced in the use of insulin administered a dose of insulin to her. The woman lost consciousness and died despite the efforts of the emergency service. A biochemical analysis revealed a high level of insulin (196.67 mU/L) and low levels of glucose (2.96 mmol/L) and C-peptide (26 pmol/L). Toxicological analysis revealed a methamphetamine concentration of 389 ng/mL and an amphetamine concentration of 19 ng/mL. The forensic perspective of the difficult determination of the contribution of each of the factors to the death, i.e., the pre-existing medical condition (Type I diabetes), the use of methamphetamine, the physical exertion at the dance club, and, finally, the non-indicated administration of insulin, is discussed. The ruling of the court is also reported.

• MeSH
• Unconsciousness chemically induced   MeSH
• C-Peptide blood   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Fatal Outcome MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents adverse effects   MeSH
• Insulin * administration & dosage   MeSH
• Blood Glucose analysis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methamphetamine * adverse effects   MeSH
• Amphetamine-Related Disorders complications   MeSH
• Central Nervous System Stimulants * adverse effects   MeSH
• Dancing MeSH
• Physical Exertion MeSH
• Seizures MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

Článek pojednává o stresu a syndromu vyhoření obecně, o výsledcích výzkumu syndromu vyhoření českých lékařů a dále a způsobech, jak je možné tomuto čelit. Specificky se zaměřuje na vysvětlení fungování balintovských skupin jako možnosti psychohygieny lékařů a jako prostředku vedoucímu k lepšímu porozumění vztahu lékař - pacient.

The article addresses stress and burnout syndrome in general, the results of research on burnout syndrome among Czech doctors, and approaches to coping with these challenges. It specifically focuses on explaining the functioning of Balint groups as a form of psychological hygiene for doctors and as a mens leading to a better understanding of the doctor-patient relationship.

• Keywords
• balintovská skupina,
• MeSH
• Burnout, Psychological * prevention & control   MeSH
• Physicians MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Occupational Stress prevention & control   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychotherapy, Group methods   MeSH
• Physician-Patient Relations MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na některé psychosociální aspekty ošetřovatelství, konkrétně na vztahy na pracovišti, pracovní zátěž a stres a agresi a šikanu na pracovišti. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Vědecká monografie zaměřená na zdravotní sestry si klade za cíl poznat, analyzovat a zhodnotit několik souvislostí a vztahů v ošetřovatelské praxi, jejíž důležitou součástí jsou mezilidské vztahy, prosociálnost a altruismus. Uvádí charakteristiku postavení profese sestry ve společnosti, osobnost sestry v kontextu biopsychosociálních předpokladů pro výkon profese, profesionalitu a socializaci. Součástí knihy je i posouzení psychické zátěže sester. Důležitým přínosem monografie je především její srozumitelnost, logika a odborný přínos pro ošetřovatelskou praxi.

• MeSH
• Workplace Violence MeSH
• Nursing Care MeSH
• Occupational Stress MeSH
• Physician-Nurse Relations MeSH
• Nurse-Patient Relations MeSH
• Caregiver Burden MeSH
• Nurses MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• ošetřovatelství
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• sociologie

BACKGROUND: Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) are harm reduction facilities providing safer and hygienic setting for supervised administration of drugs aimed at decreasing negative health and social consequences of drug use. The first DCR in Czechia was opened in September 2023 in city of Brno in a mobile form operating in a socially excluded area (SEA). A research project informed the implementation of the DCR. METHODS: A mixed methods design was applied in the following phases: desk review, research before and after the launch of the mobile DCR, and routine monitoring of programme performance. Two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys among PWUDs (n = 131 and 135), ethnographic observation, focus group (n = 19), interviews with PWUDs (n = 26 and 19), with personnel of addiction services and local officials (n = 16 and 12), and residents (n = 7 and 6) were performed prior to and after the launch of the DCR. Thematic analysis of qualitative data, descriptive and regression analyses of quantitative data were performed. RESULTS: There was a need and high willingness to use the DCR among potential clients. The significant predictors were opioid use (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.4 in survey 1 and 3.9 in survey 2), drug injection in the last 30 days (AOR 4.3 in survey 1), being in the probationary period during the previous 30 days (AOR 10.0 in survey 1), witnessing an overdose in the past 30 days (AOR 8.5 in survey 2), HCV positivity ever in life (AOR 2.9 in survey 2), living in SEA (AOR 2.7 in survey 2) and Roma ethnicity (AOR 2.8 in survey 2). The beginnings of the DCR were relatively slow with low initial number of clients and drug administrations. However, with time, and programme adjustments following research results, the attendance at the facility has grown. CONCLUSIONS: Research was instrumental in shaping the DCR in Brno before and during its implementation. The DCR showed a potential to attract the most vulnerable PWUDs from SEA. Despite a slow start, the DCR has become an integral part of low-threshold services for PWUDs in Brno and has proven its feasibility in the Czech settings.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Mobile Health Units * organization & administration   MeSH
• Substance-Related Disorders * MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Harm Reduction * MeSH
• Drug Users * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Substance Abuse Detection * methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Military Personnel MeSH
• Mass Screening MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Hepatitis B (VHB) and C (VHC) are significant global public health issues, particularly for certain risk groups. In the Czech Republic, individuals who inject drugs (IDUs), incarcerated people, and those with high-risk sexual behaviours are especially susceptible. This research investigates the epidemiology, risk factors, and effects of both diseases on these groups. It analyzes the incidence of VHB and VHC in Czechia over the last twenty years in the post-vaccine era, compares their occurrence, and identifies factors influencing their rates. A total of 28,160 VHB and VHC cases reported in the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed, categorized into acute and chronic forms. Specifically, there were 8,762 cases of VHB and 19,398 cases of VHC. The research employed quantitative methods and descriptive data analysis. A spatial visualization of disease occurrence per 100,000 inhabitants in Czech districts was conducted for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 to compare disease development and the risk group of IDUs across districts. For VHB, transmission primarily occurs through intravenous drug use or risky sexual behaviour, with IDUs, men who have sex with men, and promiscuous individuals being the most at-risk groups. For VHC, sexual transmission is less common, with IDUs being the most at-risk group. Many VHC cases have been recorded in prisons, often due to shared razors or amateur tattooing and piercing. This discovery underscores the necessity for focused interventions and thorough strategies to address both diseases in high-risk communities.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hepatitis B * epidemiology   MeSH
• Hepatitis C * epidemiology   MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Risk-Taking MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Prisoners statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Akutní alkoholová hepatitida je život ohrožující stav s nepříznivou prognózou charakterizovaný ikterem a deteriorací jaterních funkcí za podmínky prokázaného abúzu alkoholu. Před zahájením terapie je nutné vyloučit spolupodíl jiné etiologie a zhodnotit závažnost stavu dle některého ze skórovacích systémů. Zatím jedinou specifickou terapií je systémová kortikoterapie, která se podává pouze pacientům s těžkou formou akutní hepatitidy. Podpůrnou léčbu by pak měli obdržet všichni pacienti bez výjimky. V rámci studií byla zkoumána další léčiva a postupy, z nichž některé se zdají být slibné.

Acute alcoholic hepatitis is a life-threatening condition with an unfavorable prognosis, characterized by jaundice and acute deterioration of liver function in the context of proven alcohol abuse. Prior to initiating therapy, it is essential to exclude other potential etiologies and assess disease severity using validated scoring systems. To date, systemic corticosteroid therapy remains the only specific treatment recommended for severe hepatitis. Supportive care is indispensable and should be provided to all patients. Numerous other pharmacological agents and interventions are under investigation, some of which show promising potential.

• MeSH
• Hepatitis, Alcoholic * physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nutritional Support methods   MeSH
• Plasmapheresis methods   MeSH
• Liver Transplantation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH