The reduction of ammonia emissions from air was experimentally investigated by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing the combination of ultraviolet irradiation with ozone. The influence of operating conditions such as initial ammonia concentration and flow rate of gas on the reduction of ammonia concentration was investigated in homemade photochemical unit. The conversion of ammonia decreased with increasing initial concentration of ammonia and with increasing flow rate of air (decreasing retention time). The highest conversion of ammonia (97%) was achieved under lower initial concentration of ammonia (30 ppm) and lower flow rate of air (28 m3/h). The energy per order was evaluated for the advanced oxidation process too. The energy consumption was about 0.037 kWh/m3/order for the 97% ammonia conversion at 30 ppm of initial ammonia concentration and 28 m3/h flow rate of air. Based on the results, the advanced oxidation process combining the UV irradiation and ozone was effective for mitigation of ammonia concentration and presents a promising technology for the reduction of odor emissions from livestock buildings. Moreover, the AOPs are suitable for application for high flow rate of air, especially for ammonia abatement from livestock buildings, where very high efficiency is expected.
- MeSH
- Ammonia analysis chemistry radiation effects MeSH
- Air Pollutants analysis chemistry radiation effects MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Ozone chemistry MeSH
- Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry MeSH
- Environmental Restoration and Remediation instrumentation methods MeSH
- Ultraviolet Rays * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Autoři se zaměřují na nejznámější chronická svalově kloubní onemocnění, osteoartrózu (OA) a revmatoidní artritidu (RA), jejichž výskyt vzrůstá s věkem. Během stárnutí podléhá zejména kolagen typu II neenzymatické kovalentní modifikaci (NEKM), vznikají tak konečné produkty pokročilé glykace (AGE), které se zvýšeně hromadí v kloubní chrupavce. Zvýšená akumulace AGE v chrupavce je zodpovědná za alteraci její kvality a snížení její rezistence k mechanickému poškození. Finálně to vše přispívá k destrukci kolagenních struktur a k iniciaci a/nebo progresi kloubního postižení. Na molekulární úrovni AGE vznikají kondenzací reaktivní oxoskupiny cukru s volnou aminoskupinou cílové molekuly (tzv. Maillardovou reakcí). Tato reakce je potencována hyperglykémií a oxidačním stresem. Zvýšená tkáňová akumulace AGE je pozorována kromě přirozeného procesu stárnutí také během různých patologických stavů (např. diabetes, renální insuficience, některé zánětlivé i primárně degenerativní stavy). V posledních letech se též zvažuje účast AGE v zánětlivé buněčné odpovědi či dokonce v iniciaci složitého autoimunitního procesu u jedinců s RA. Na zánětlivé aktivitě buněk se významně uplatňují speciální buněčné receptory AGE (RAGE), jejichž přítomnost byla popsána již na mnohých buňkách. Tento článek též poukazuje na přítomnost AGE v tělních tekutinách a tkáních, na využití jejich stanovení ke sledování aktivity různých chorob či k objasňování jejich patogeneze a na užití inhibitorů AGE, které by mohly mít potenciální význam ve zpomalení progrese základního onemocnění.
The review is aimed at the well-known chronic musculosceletal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and their increasing incidence during ageing. Especially, collagen type II undergoes age-related non-enzymatic covalent modification (NECM), advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) form, which then accumulate in the articular cartilage. Increased cartilage accumulation of AGE results in cartilage quality alteration and decreases its mechanical damage resistance. This finally contributes to degeneration of collagen fibril network and to initiation and/or progression of joint damage. The molecular events of AGE formation represent reactive oxo-group of the sugar and amino-group of the target molecule condensation (so-called Maillard reaction). This reaction is potentiated by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Increased tissue accumulation of AGE is seen not only during the natural process of aging but also during different pathologic conditions (e.g. diabetes, renal insufficiency, some inflammatory and primary degenerative disorders). AGE role in the inflammatory cell response or even in the initiation of the complex autoimmune process in RA has been considered in recent years. Special cell receptor for AGE (RAGE) is important for inflammatory cell activation and the presence ofRAGEon many cell types has already been described. This paper also points at AGE presence in body fluids and tissues, at the usefulness of their detection to follow up the disease activity of various disorders, at the attempts to elucidate pathogenesis of these disorders, and also at the utility of AGE inhibitors, which could be of potential significance slowing the disease progression.
- MeSH
- Cartilage physiology metabolism MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Maillard Reaction MeSH
- Osteoarthritis diagnosis drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Oxidative Stress MeSH
- Glycation End Products, Advanced MeSH
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid diagnosis drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Aging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
This study investigates the oxidation of selected endocrine disrupting compounds (estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol and 17α-ethinylestradiol) during ozonation and advanced oxidation of biologically treated municipal wastewater effluents in a pilot scale. Selected estrogenic substances were spiked in the treated wastewater at levels ranging from 1.65 to 3.59 μg · L(-1). All estrogens were removed by ozonation by more than 99% at ozone doses ≥1.8 mg · L(-1). At a dose of 4.4 · mg L(-1) ozonation reduced concentrations of estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol and 17α-ethinylestradiol by 99.8, 99.7, 99.9 and 99.7%, respectively. All tested advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) achieved high removal rates but they were slightly lower compared to ozonation. The lower removal rates for all tested advanced oxidation processes are caused by the presence of naturally occurring hydroxyl radical scavengers - carbonates and bicarbonates.
- MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical isolation & purification MeSH
- Water Purification methods MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- Estradiol isolation & purification MeSH
- Estrone isolation & purification MeSH
- Ethinyl Estradiol isolation & purification MeSH
- Oxygen chemistry MeSH
- Waste Disposal, Fluid methods MeSH
- Wastewater MeSH
- Sewage MeSH
- Ozone chemistry MeSH
- Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry MeSH
- Free Radical Scavengers MeSH
- Ultraviolet Rays MeSH
- Cities MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Cities MeSH
Současné poznatky moderně chápané nutriční imunologie mají zásadní význam z hlediska aktivit v oblasti ochrany a podpory zdraví. Existuje nespočet dokladů, že neadekvátní nebo snížený nutriční příjem se neodráží jen klasickými příznaky proteinové a energetické malnutrice, ale také nepříznivým ovlivněním až selháváním imunitních funkcí. Stále rostoucí počet in vitro a in vivo experimentálních a klinických studií dokládá, že produkty neenzymatických reakcí, které vznikají při technologickém a kulinárním zpracování potravin mohou hrát významnou roli při vzniku a globálním šíření chronických nesdělných onemocnění. Prokazuje se, že hlavní patogenetický význam mají tzv. konečné produkty pokročilé glykace (AGE, Advanced Glycation End products), lipoxidace (ALE, Advanced Lipoxidation End products), a oxidace proteinů (AOPP, Advanced Oxidation Protein Products), které představují nejdůležitější nutriční složky kumulující se ve vnitřním prostředí organismu v průběhu jeho celého života. V současnosti jsou považovány za nejčastější složky poškozující zdraví a zároveň představující jednu z významných příčinu růstu incidence chronických nesdělných nemocí ve všech zemích, které přijaly "západní" životní styl.
The recent results of research in the field of nutritional immunology have a wide impact on health protection and promotion-related activities. There is a great deal of evidence showing that the inadequate or lowered nutritional intake is reflected in both protein-energetic malnutrition and immune system disorders. A growing number of in vitro/in vivo experimental and clinical studies documents that the products of non-enzymatic reactions formed during technological and culinary processing of food may play a major role in the emergence and global spread of chronic non-communicable diseases. Evidence mainly points to the pathogenic role of advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), which represent the most important dietary compounds that accumulate within the internal milieu of an organism over a whole life span. Currently, these factors are regarded as one of a row of causations with strong negative influence on health and the most frequent causative agents of increasing chronic disease burden in all countries which adopt a "westernized lifestyle".
- Keywords
- technologizovaná strava, Advanced Lipoxidation End products, produkty pokročilé lipoxidace,
- MeSH
- Antioxidants MeSH
- Chronic Disease * MeSH
- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Food Preservation MeSH
- Food Quality * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Food Handling MeSH
- Food Technology MeSH
- Glycation End Products, Advanced * adverse effects MeSH
- Advanced Oxidation Protein Products adverse effects MeSH
- Food-Processing Industry MeSH
- Feeding Behavior MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Diet, Western adverse effects MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Complex chemical processes termed non-enzymic glycation that operate in vivo and similar chemical interactions between sugars and proteins that occur during thermal processing of food (known as the Maillard reaction) are one of the interesting examples of a potentially-harmful interaction between nutrition and disease. Non-enzymic glycation comprises a series of reactions between sugars, alpha-oxoaldehydes and other sugar derivatives and amino groups of amino acids, peptides and proteins leading to the formation of heterogeneous moieties collectively termed advanced glycation end products (AGE). AGE possess a wide range of chemical and biological properties and play a role in diabetes-related pathology as well as in several other diseases. Diabetes is, nevertheless, of particular interest for several reasons: (1) chronic hyperglycaemia provides the substrates for extracellular glycation as well as intracellular glycation; (2) hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates AGE formation in the process of glycoxidation; (3) AGE-modified proteins are subject to rapid intracellular proteolytic degradation releasing free AGE adducts into the circulation where they can bind to several pro-inflammatory receptors, especially receptor of AGE; (4) kidneys, which are principally involved in the excretion of free AGE adducts, might be damaged by diabetic nephropathy, which further enhances AGE toxicity because of diminished AGE clearance. Increased dietary intake of AGE in highly-processed foods may represent an additional exogenous metabolic burden in addition to AGE already present endogenously in subjects with diabetes. Finally, inter-individual genetic and functional variability in genes encoding enzymes and receptors involved in either the formation or the degradation of AGE could have important pathogenic, nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic consequences.
- MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics metabolism pathology MeSH
- Diabetic Nephropathies metabolism pathology MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
- Hyperglycemia pathology MeSH
- Diabetes Complications MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Oxidative Stress MeSH
- Glycation End Products, Advanced metabolism adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Stále rostoucí počet in vitro a in vivo experimentálních a klinických studií dokládá, že produkty neenzymatických reakcí, které vznikají při technologickém a kulinárním zpracování potravin, mohou hrát významnou roli při vzniku a globálním šíření chronických neinfekčních onemocnění. Prokazuje se, že hlavní patogenetický význam mají tzv. konečné produkty pokročilé glykace (AGE, Advanced Glycation End products), lipoxidace (ALE, Advanced Lipoxidation End products) a oxidace proteinů (AOPP, Advanced Oxidation Protein Products), které představují nejdůležitější nutriční složky přítomné ve vnitřním prostředí organismu člověka v průběhu jeho celého života. V současnosti jsou považovány za nejčastější složky poškozující zdraví a zároveň představující jednu z významných příčin růstu incidence chronických nesdělných nemocí ve všech zemích, které přijaly westernizovaný životní styl.
A growing number of in vitro/in vivo experimental and clinical studies documents that the products of non-enzymatic reactions formed during technological and culinary processing of food may play a major role in the emergence and global spreading of chronic non-infectious diseases. Evidence mainly points towards a pathogenic role for advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), which represent the most important dietary compounds that accumulate within the internal milieu of an organism during the whole life span. Currently, they are often regarded as one of a row of causations having strong negative influence on the health and causative agents of chronic diseases burden in all countries, which adopt the westernized lifestyle.
- MeSH
- Chronic Disease MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus MeSH
- Energy Intake MeSH
- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Immune System metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymphoid Tissue immunology MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolism MeSH
- Lipid Peroxidation * MeSH
- Food MeSH
- Glycation End Products, Advanced * metabolism MeSH
- Advanced Oxidation Protein Products * metabolism MeSH
- Cattle MeSH
- Feeding Behavior MeSH
- Inflammation immunology metabolism MeSH
- Life Style * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Cattle MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Recently performed environmental risk assessments of ivermectin demonstrated the need to complete the information regarding the fate of ivermectin in environment. There is also a lack of information concerning the fate and stability of praziquantel. The forced degradation study and photocatalytic degradation pathways in aqueous TiO2 suspensions of the two anthelmintics ivermectin and praziquantel were investigated and compared. The degradation efficiency increased for both compounds with the increase in the TiO2 concentration from 0.25 to 2.00 g L(-1), and then remained constant. The estimated k-values were from 0.36 h(-1) to 0.64 h(-1) for IVE and from 0.29 h(-1) to 0.47 h(-1) for PZQ, respectively. The degradation rate was not significantly impacted by the change of the pH value (pH 3, 5, 7, and 9) at 2.0 g L(-1) of TiO2. The photo degradation was about 90% for both compounds after 5 h of irradiation and it was significantly inhibited in the presence of iodide anion and isopropyl alcohol, which indicated, that hydroxyl radicals as well as holes contributed to the degradation of both anthelmintics. The contribution of hydroxyl radicals and holes was 92.1% for IVE and 93.2% for PZQ, respectively. Photocatalytic process of ivermectin resulted in three degradation intermediates; another two were formed during acidic and basic hydrolysis. Praziquantel underwent degradation to six degradation intermediates; four of them were formed under photocatalytic irradiation. The intermediates were identified using UHPLC-MS/MS. UV/TiO2 photolysis has been found as an effective advanced oxidation technology for the decontamination of ivermectin and praziquantel.
- MeSH
- 2-Propanol chemistry MeSH
- Anthelmintics chemistry MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry MeSH
- Water Purification methods MeSH
- Photolysis MeSH
- Ivermectin chemistry MeSH
- Iodides chemistry MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Praziquantel chemistry MeSH
- Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods MeSH
- Suspensions MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Titanium chemistry radiation effects MeSH
- Ultraviolet Rays MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) and its isomers (HCH) are some of the most common and most easily detected organochlorine pesticides in the environment. The widespread distribution of lindane is due to its use as an insecticide, accompanied by its persistence and bioaccumulation, whereas HCH were disposed of as waste in unmanaged landfills. Unfortunately, certain HCH (especially the most reactive ones: γ- and α-HCH) are harmful to the central nervous system and to reproductive and endocrine systems, therefore development of suitable remediation methods is needed to remove them from contaminated soil and water. This paper provides a short history of the use of lindane and a description of the properties of HCH, as well as their determination methods. The main focus of the paper, however, is a review of oxidative and reductive treatment methods. Although these methods of HCH remediation are popular, there are no review papers summarising their principles, history, advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, recent advances in the chemical treatment of HCH are discussed and risks concerning these processes are given.
- MeSH
- Hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH
- Insecticides * MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Pesticides * MeSH
- Environmental Pollution MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
